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Historic Environment Review News from the North York Moors National Park Authority 2009

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Historic Environment Review News from the North York Moors National Park Authority 2009 historic environment review news from THE NORTH YORK MOORS NATIONAL PARK AuTHORITY 2009 INSIDE the Rievaulx timber – page 2 Introduction CO NTENTS This is the first Historic Environment Newsletter produced by the North York Moors The Rievaulx Timber 2 National Park Authority. In it we look at a range of projects which are underway or have been completed in the last year or so. We also include a number of topics about Lime and Ice 3 which we are frequently asked and which we hope you will find of interest. If you Staddle stones 4 have specific questions which you would like to raise, please contact us. Scotch Corner chapel 5 The North York Moors National Park contains thousands of archaeological sites which represent the activities of human beings in the area from the end of the last Ice Age John Collier collection 5 (c. 12,000 years ago) to important industrial landscapes of the 17th to early 20th Archaeology of the North York centuries and the concrete and steel bunkers of the Cold War – in fact some 32% of Moors: the human value 6-7 the nationally important protected archaeological sites (Scheduled Monuments) for Publications update 6-7 the Yorkshire and Humber region can be found in the National Park. Buildings also form an important part of the historic environment and the Stone trods 8 National Park contains 9% of the regional total of Listed (protected) Buildings. The Archaeology dayschool 9 National Park maintains a detailed index of all the known archaeological sites and nymnpA volunteer group 9 important buildings in the form of the Historic Environment Record (HER), which currently contains over twenty thousand records. The Authority’s Archaeological LEADER opportunities for Conservation Officers, Graham Lee and Mags Waughman, and Building Conservation community projects 9 Officers, Edward Freedman and Beth Davies, work with a wide range of people and Tree ring dating of cruck buildings 10 organisations to look after this wealth of historic remains. Restoration of Chop Gate Forge 11 Interpretation Project, St Oswald’s Church, Lythe 12 NEWS UPDATE... Heritage Open Day: Cawthorn Camps: Sunday 2nd August, 2009 Come along to Cawthorn Roman Camps and see the Legio VIII Augusta in action ! As well as information about the site and guided tours around the earthworks, the Legio VIII Augusta will be providing enter- taining and educational historical displays, based around their living history encampment. Visitors can have their own Roman coin stamped for them to take home, or have their name written out in authentic Roman script to keep as a souvenir. See Roman soldiers going about their daily life, making or repairing arms and equipment, all carefully researched for authenticity. You can also watch the soldiers at weapons training or practicing their battle drill, receiving orders in Latin. For further information call our event line 01439 772738 THE RIEVAULX TIMBER During emergency repair works to stabilise Rievaulx Bridge at New Year 2006-7, a substantial timber was recovered from the bed of the River Rye. This had been revealed by a scour which damaged and undercut the concrete apron around the NW pier of the current bridge. The latter dates from the 18th century, having been rebuilt after the former bridge was washed away in the major flood of 1754. The timber was collected and transported to York for recording and analysis by wood experts at the York Archaeological Trust (with funding from English Heritage). It is just over 5m long by 0.45m wide and 0.44m deep, with the remains of six large squared sockets cut into the upper face. It has been interpreted as the base plate for a pier in a timber bridge, into which substantial upright timbers or piles were inserted. The style of production suggests that it dates to the 12th or 13th centuries AD, and provides evidence, therefore, of a timber bridge of this date at this location. Unfortunately, it has not proved possible to refine this date range since the sample taken for tree-ring (dendro- chronological) dating could not be matched to the reference series. Analysis of the growth rings does indicate, however, that this timber grew in an open environment rather than in enclosed woodland. There is a documentary reference from 1170 to a bridge at Rievaulx on the road to Byland, but this may refer to the site of Bow Bridge, 1.4km to the NNW. Finds of medieval bridge timbers are relatively rare but between 1949-55 a series of timber piles together with two or three probable examples of further timber base plates (one of which may equate with the recovered example) were recorded in the river bed at this location. These are now likely to have been lost to erosion. Given that the foundation of Rievaulx Abbey dates to the 1130s, the possibility must exist that the bridge indicated by these remains was directly connected with the monastic site. page one: Rievaulx Timber: Centre section showing three complete sockets. Tape measure extended to 1m length to serve as scale. Drawing: Survey by the York Archaeological Trust, Conservation Report 2007/18. PUBLICATIONS UPDATE: The Archaeology and History Groups bulletin has been developed to help raise awareness of the range of archaeological and historical activities being carried out by local groups and to encourage the sharing of experience, ideas and skills throughout the National Park. The next issue is in preparation for circulation this spring and will contain a full update of all the groups’ activities and contact details. For further information or to receive a copy, please contact Mags Waughman via the addresses at the end of this newsletter 2 LIME AND ICE The North York Moors National Park Authority, together with on its date and methods of construction. In order to our partners, the Howardian Hills Area of Outstanding Natural improve the management of the monument and restore its Beauty (AONB), English Heritage, the Forestry Commission presence in the landscape, it is also proposed to partially and Natural England, have been awarded £500 000 from the reconstruct the defences of two-thirds of the monument Heritage Lottery Fund for the Lime and Ice project, which is that were levelled in the early 1960s. now underway and will continue for five years. The name of An initial geophysical survey has been carried out on the project reflects the importance of the limestone geology part of the Cleave Dyke, just to the south-east of the fort. and the impact of glaciation on the south-western area of This has confirmed that the line of the dyke is interrupted the National Park and the northern part of the AONB. The opposite Boltby Scar fort, which suggests that the two combination has resulted in a free-draining promontory monuments are likely to be directly related. landscape which has been used over millennia for settlement and defence. Archaeological work as part of the project this year is planned to include: Improved Access to and Interpretation of Hood Hill Investigation of Boltby Scar The second project is to make the current access to Hood Promontory Fort Hill (SE 5038 8141) less damaging to the archaeological remains by installing a surface to the used path and One of the key elements of the project is to investigate stone pitching steps on the steeper slopes. Hood Hill is a the promontory fort at Boltby Scar (SE 5060 8563) and its geological outlier which lies just to the west of Roulston surrounding landscape in order to improve its presentation, Scar, the site of the largest Iron Age promontory fort in the interpretation and management. The fort is thought to be Iron north of England and the home of the Yorkshire Gliding Age in date but this requires confirmation. Club. Work will involve carrying out a number of surveys in order Hood Castle, on the top of Hood Hill, is an early Medieval to better understand the fort and its relationship to other motte. It is not clear whether there was ever a separate archaeological sites in the area, including the Cleave Dyke (a bailey since the top of the hill is relatively small. The castle prehistoric linear boundary which runs close to the escarpment is thought to have been built between c.1086–1106 and edge), a pre-existing Bronze Age round barrow cemetery and a documents reveal that a licence was granted to reinforce second promontory fort at Roulston Scar, to the south. the site with a ditch and stone wall in 1264. The castle is The work at Boltby Scar has provided the opportunity for last mentioned in 1322. Few, if any, traces of stone walls local people to be involved in survey work and there should be can be seen today, the monument surviving principally as a a further opportunity this summer to take part in excavation. series of steep slopes, banks and ditches. It is intended that This will investigate how the monument has survived after 45 improved interpretation for the remains of Hood Castle be years of cultivation and, hopefully, provide more information provided on the Cleveland Way National Trail at Roulston Scar, from where the site is best appreciated. Arthur Smith and a young Tony Pacitto at the defences of Boltby Scar Promontory Fort in 1958, before they were levelled. 3 FAQ 1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS... What are Staddle Staddle stones, Upper Farndale Stones? Staddle stones were used to raise barns, granaries, hayricks, bee hives, etc, off the ground in order to protect the produce from damp and from vermin. They usually had a separate head and base which gave the whole structure a mushroom-like appearance.
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