Roman Republic

By Chris, Rami, and Millie Gauls

● The Gaul is the name of the Celtic gauls who lived in present France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany on the west bank of the Rhine, and the Po Valley in present Italy. ● Were later conquered by the Romans and fell as a society.

Conquest of Italy 396-264 B.C.E

- In 390 B.C.E the Gauls invaded Etruria and sieged Rome. - The Gauls accepted a heavy ransom. - The Gauls burned down Rome and the Etruscan empire, which enabled the Romans to seize it . - Rome rebuilds after the siege. - Etruscan empire was in central Italy between the 8th and 3rd century BCE.

Conquest of Italy cont.

● The Samnites were the strongest enemy of the Romans and the first conflict started in 343 BCE ● In 326 BCE the truce was broken and the struggle continues until 295 BCE when Rome conquered all of central and northern Italy in the battle of Sentinum. ● Rome slowly conquered the few remaining Greece city states and now had control of the Italian Peninsula Punic Wars

- Roman and Carthage had a huge rivalry that lasted for a century and eventually ended with the end of the Carthage Empire and City. - Began in 246 BCE when Roman forces conquered Sicily and Carthage had lost control of Sicily and Corsica - By 219, Carthage was recovering from the costs of the First Punic War and was looking to expand its empire, particularly in Spain

First Punic War and Carthage Civilization https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxbWtzCOxv 8 Second Punic Wars

● Between 218-201 BCE, they fought over land in Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and North Africa. ● The first Punic War was costly so Carthage was not ready for a war. ● The Romans took the Carthaginian mantle with supreme naval force meaning that the Carthaginians would have to fight on land which was costly.

Second Punic War Cont.

● Hannibal, a Carthaginian general who hated Rome for the treaty they forced them to sign after the First Punic War, had control of the army in Spain. ● Hannibal marched troops over the French alps where he lost lots of men, but was helped by the Gauls and still had war elephants. ● Won several battles forcing the Romans back into Italy ● Hannibal seeming unstoppable and was going to conquer all of Rome

Second Punic war: Rome’s comeback

● Rome adopts new strategy of not fighting head on with Hannibal but instead, only fighting his allies and surrounding him in central Italy, weakening him to the point where he could be defeated. ● Hannibal tries to capture a port city but fails numerous times keeping Hannibal stuck in Italy. ● Carthage sends troops to Spain and a similar sized army into Sardinia to reclaim territory it lost in the First Punic War but were unsuccessful. ● Romans starts to reclaim lost territory from Hannibal because he was too deep in Italy and did not have man power to defend his land. ● This strategy continued until Hannibal was only in control of Bruttium (A city in Italy) ● Victory was won at the battle of Zama. ● Carthage lost its entire fleet all elephants and need to pay 10000 talents. (14,001,165,700$) Third Punic War

● Between 149-146 BCE the Third Punic War was fought because of an attack on Numidian neighbours giving them the perfect excuse to conquer the Carthaginians. ● Roman senators wanted to crush Carthage as revenge for the lengthy and expensive Second Punic War. ● Rome wanted to easily crush the Carthaginians and to get the spoils of war that would come along with it. ● Rome siegies Carthage for 3 years until the city fell in the Spring of 146 BCE along with the Carthaginian empire. ● The land was later colonized by Julius Caesar and Augustus. Bibliography

Http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/historians/narrative/romanhistory.html https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/punic-wars https://www.ancient.eu/gaul/ https://www.ancient.eu/Second_Punic_War/ https://www.ancient.eu/Third_Punic_War/