DOCSLIB.ORG

Checklist of Orchids of Kottavasal Hills in Achancoil Forests, Southern Western Ghats, (Kollam, Kerala), India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Checklist of Orchids of Kottavasal Hills in Achancoil Forests, Southern Western Ghats, (Kollam, Kerala), India Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7691–7696 Checklist of Orchids of Kottavasal Hills in Achancoil Forests, southern Western Ghats, (Kollam, Kerala), India 1 2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Jose Mathew & K.V. George Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 School of Environmental Sciences, M.G University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India 2Department of Botany, CMS College, Kottayam, Kerala 686001, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: The orchidaceous plant treasures in the Kottavasal Hills (Fig. 1). of Achancoil Shear Zone of the southern Western Ghats, situated in Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of flowering Kerala and a part of Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve, have not been subjected to a detailed floristic investigation. Field surveys were plants in the world (Atwood 1986) with many species conducted during the period 2009–2012 and 53 orchid taxa were locally restricted and are generally rare (Benavides collected and documented. The present study points out that the orchid flora of Achancoil Shear Zone tends to have an affinity to the et al. 2005). Orchids comprise five subfamilies and remnants of the Mozambique belt. approximately 870 genera and 30,000 species (Dressler 1993; Chen et al. 2009; Govaerts et al. 2009). Verma Keywords: Achancoil, orchids, southern Western Ghats. & Lavania (2014) reported 1414 orchid taxa under 186 genera from India; 265 taxa are found in Kerala comprising Achancoil is a shear zone (ASZ) that lies between 108 terrestrials including six mycoheterotrophs and the Madurai granulite block and Trivandrum khondalitic 157 epiphytic species distributed along different forest block. It is the continuum of the Mozambic belt of pan types (Sasidharan 2013). Orchid flora is one of the African orogeny, passing through Madagascar to Sri important components of tropical montane rainforests Lanka. The rock type and its genesis show the affinity of and grasslands like that of Achancoil for which there is AKSZ to the remnants of the Mozambic belt, especially Sri no available literature. Lanka (Rajesh et al. 1998). Biological linkages in between This study deals with the enumeration of orchid flora these geographical segments have great significance and of the seasonally inundated tropical montane forests hence worthy to be subjected to detailed investigation. and grasslands of Kottavasal in the ASZ of the southern The Kottavasal Hills are the highest hill ranges in the ASZ Western Ghats. Endemic orchids have also been marked. Luisia macrantha DATA LEAST NEAR CRITICALLY EXTINCT NOT VULNERABLE ENDANGERED EXTINCT EVALUATED DEFICIENT CONCERN THREATENED ENDANGERED IN THE WILD NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3859.7691-6 Editor: Pankaj Kumar, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong. Date of publication: 26 August 2015 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # o3859 | Received 21 November 2013 | Final received 05 May 2015 | Finally accepted 30 July 2015 Citation: Mathew, J. & K.V. George (2015). Checklist of Orchids of Kottavasal Hills in Achancoil Forests, Southern Western Ghats, (Kollam, Kerala), India . Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(10): 7691–7696; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3859.7691-6 Copyright: © Mathew & George 2015. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, repro- duction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: None. Competing interests:The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the Director, School of Environmental Sciences, M.G. University, Kottayam, Kerala for suggestions and encouragement. The first author benefited greatly from discussions with the reviewers. 7691 Orchids of Kottavasal Hills, Western Ghats Mathew & George Methods Herbarium, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, The study area is situated in Agasthyamalai Kerala. Biosphere Reserve of Kerala, a part of the southern Western Ghats, about 40km east of Punalur and 30km Results and Conclusion west of Shenkottai, Tamil Nadu, within 090 03’11”– During the present study, 53 orchid species 09005’36”N & 77010’14”–77013’09”E. The study area belonging to 38 genera were recorded (Table 1). Among includes 12km2 of the tropical montane evergreen forest these orchids, 30 species (57%) were epiphytes, 17 to grasslands. The altitudinal range varies from 751– (32%) were terrestrials and 6 (11%) were lithophytes. 1500 m. The survey for orchids was conducted during The present explorations resulted in the enumeration 2009–2012 and voucher specimens were collected to of 50 Asiatic elements. Among these, 15 species (28%) verify the taxonomy and distribution of each species are considered endemic to India, viz.: Anoectochilus using various publications (Fischer 1928; Sasidharan & elatus, Brachycorythis iantha, Bulbophyllum tremulum, Sivarajan 1996; Ramachandran & Nair 1988). Herbarium Coelogyne nervosa, Conchidium filiforme, C. microchilos, studies were also conducted to confirm the identity Dendrobium georgei, D. kallarense, Eria pauciflora, of each species at Kerala Forest Research Institute E. mysorensis, H. longicornu, Luisia macrantha, Trias (KFRI), Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden and bonaccordensis, T. stocksii and Vanilla wightiana; 15 Research Institute (JNTBGRI) and Calicut University taxa (28%) are Indo-Sri Lankan; and 11 taxa (21%) are (CALI). The occurrence and distribution of listed species Indo-Malayan elements. Indo-Chinese, Indo-Myanmar were verified and analyzed with the help of standard and Indo-Nepal elements contribute a single taxon publications (Ahmedullah & Nayar 1986; Gopalan & representation (2% each). Four taxa (7.5%) in the orchid Henry 2000; Sasidharan 2013). The voucher specimens flora of Kottavasal Hills were enlisted from three or more were deposited in the School of Environmental Sciences provinces of Asia. Of the remaining, five species (10 %) Figure 1. Kottavasal Hills marked in the map of Achancoil Forest Division. 7692 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7691–7696 Orchids of Kottavasal Hills, Western Ghats Mathew & George Table 1. An orchid checklist of the Kottavasal Hills. Life Voucher Life Voucher Botanical Name Distribution Botanical Name Distribution form No. form No. Calanthe sylvatica AF, MG, Acampe praemorsa 1 T JM2968 23 E JM2792 (Thouars) Lindl. ICH & SL (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann Crepidium resupinatum Aerides ringens (Lindl.) 2 T JM2582 24 E JM2735 (G.Forst.) Szlach. C.E.C.Fisch. Dendrobium herbaceum Conchidium braccatum 3 E JM2559 25 E JM2749 Lindl. AS (Lindl.) Brieger 4 Habenaria furcifera Lindl. L JM2617 26 Dendrobium nutans Lindl. E JM2684 Dendrobium wightii 5 Satyrium nepalense D.Don T JM2750 27 L JM2731 Hawkes & Heller 6 Dendrobium aphyllum E JM2501 Disperis neilgherrensis (Roxb.) C.E.C.Fisch. 28 T JM2770 Wight 7 Geodorum densiflorum T JM2936 AUAS Eulophia epidendraea (Lam.) Schltr. 29 (J.Koenig ex Retz.) T JM2677 Nervilia plicata (Andrews) C.E.C.Fisch. 8 T JM2766 IS Schltr. Gastrochilus acaulis 30 E JM2942 Cleisostoma tenuifolium (Lindl.) O.Kuntze. 9 E ICH JM2588 (L.) Garay Habenaria 31 T JM2950 longicorniculata Graham Peristylus richardianus 10 T IN JM2635 Wight 32 Liparis wightiana Thwaites T JM2638 Bulbophyllum sterile Luisia birchea (A. Rich.) 11 E IMY JM2622 33 E JM2762 (Lam.) Suresh Blume Aphyllorchis montana 34 Oberonia verticillata Wight E JM2536 12 T JM2982 Rchb.f. Schoenorchis nivea (Lindl.) 35 E JM2681 13 Arundina graminifolia T Schltr. JM2742 (D.Don) Hochr. Sirhookera lanceolata 36 E JM2902 (Wight) O.Kuntze. Crepidium purpureum 14 T JM2590 Trichoglottis tenera (Lindl.) (Lindl.) Szlach. 37 E JM2543 Rchb.f. Cymbidium aloifolium 15 E JM2664 Polystachya concreta (L.) Sw. 38 E PAN JM2520 (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet 16 Liparis ellipticaWight E JM2632 Brachycorythis iantha 39 T JM2760 Oberonia mucronata (Wight) Summerh. * 17 (D.Don) Ormerod & E IM JM2769 Conchidium microchilos Seidenf. 40 E JM2703 (Dalzell) Rauschert * I Pecteilis gigantea (J. E. 41 Eria pauciflora Wight * E JM2627 18 T JM2626 Smith) Rafin. Habenaria longicornu 42 L JM2552 19 Pholidota imbricata Hook. E JM2513 Lindl. * Anoectochilus elatus Pteroceras leopardinum 43 T JM2608 20 (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) E JM2962 Lindl. * Seidenf. & Smitinand Bulbophyllum tremulum 44 E JM2915 Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Wight * 21 E JM2692 Coelogyne nervosa A. Blume 45 L JM2921 Rich. * Zeuxine affinis (Lindl.) 22 T JM2559 Conchidium filiforme Benth. ex Hook.f. 46 E JM2959 (Wight) Rauschert * Dendrobium georgei 47 E JM2789 Abbreviations: AF - Africa, AS - Asia, AUAS - Australasia, ICH - Indo Chinese, J.Mathew * I - India, IN - India to Nepal, IM - Indo Malaysia, IMY - Indo Myanmar, Dendrobium kallarense IS - Indo Sri Lanka, MG - Madagascar, PAN - Pantropics, PI - Peninsular India, 48 WG JM2787 WG- Western Ghats, E - Epiphytes, L - Lithophytes, T - Terrestrial. * - Endemic J.Mathew, K.V.George, L to India Yohannan & K.Madhus. * Luisia macrantha Blatt. & 49 E JM2935 McCann * Pinalia mysorensis (Lindl.) 50 E JM2633 Kuntze * Trias stocksii Benth. ex 51 E JM2601 Hook. f. * Trias bonaccordensis C.S. 52 E JM2929 Kumar * Vanilla wightiana Lindl. ex 53 T JM2631 Hook. f. * Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7691–7696 7693 Orchids of Kottavasal Hills, Western Ghats Mathew & George © Jose Mathew © Jose Mathew Image 1. Luisia macrantha Blatt.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Connecting Plants and People
    THE NEWSLEttER OF THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 ISSN 0219-1688 of connecting plants and people p13 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae p2 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation p8 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests p24 VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 Message from the director Chin See Chung ARTICLES 2 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae George Staples 6 Spotlight on research: a PhD project on Convolvulaceae George Staples 8 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation Paul Leong, Serena Lee 12 Propagation of a very rare orchid, Khoo-Woon Mui Hwang, Lim-Ho Chee Len Robiquetia spathulata Whang Lay Keng, Ali bin Ibrahim 150 years of connecting plants and people: Terri Oh 2 13 The making of stars Two minds, one theory - Wallace & Darwin, the two faces of evolution theory I do! I do! I do! One evening, two stellar performances In Search of Gingers Botanical diplomacy The art of botanical painting Fugitives fleurs: a unique perspective on floral fragments Falling in love Born in the Gardens A garden dialogue - Reminiscences of the Gardens 8 Children celebrate! Botanical party Of saints, ships and suspense Birthday wishes for the Gardens REGULAR FEATURES Around the Gardens 21 Convolvulaceae taxonomic workshop George Staples What’s Blooming 18 22 Upside down or right side up? The baobab tree Nura Abdul Karim Ginger and its Allies 24 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests Jana Leong-Škornicková From Education Outreach 26 “The Green Sheep” – a first for babies and toddlers at JBCG Janice Yau 27 International volunteers at the Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden Winnie Wong, Janice Yau From Taxonomy Corner 28 The puzzling bathroom bubbles plant..
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Diversity Driven by Bark Features Affects Phorophyte
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fungal diversity driven by bark features afects phorophyte preference in epiphytic orchids from southern China Lorenzo Pecoraro1*, Hanne N. Rasmussen2, Sofa I. F. Gomes3, Xiao Wang1, Vincent S. F. T. Merckx3, Lei Cai4 & Finn N. Rasmussen5 Epiphytic orchids exhibit varying degrees of phorophyte tree specifcity. We performed a pilot study to investigate why epiphytic orchids prefer or avoid certain trees. We selected two orchid species, Panisea unifora and Bulbophyllum odoratissimum co-occurring in a forest habitat in southern China, where they showed a specifc association with Quercus yiwuensis and Pistacia weinmannifolia trees, respectively. We analysed a number of environmental factors potentially infuencing the relationship between orchids and trees. Diference in bark features, such as water holding capacity and pH were recorded between Q. yiwuensis and P. weinmannifolia, which could infuence both orchid seed germination and fungal diversity on the two phorophytes. Morphological and molecular culture-based methods, combined with metabarcoding analyses, were used to assess fungal communities associated with studied orchids and trees. A total of 162 fungal species in 74 genera were isolated from bark samples. Only two genera, Acremonium and Verticillium, were shared by the two phorophyte species. Metabarcoding analysis confrmed the presence of signifcantly diferent fungal communities on the investigated tree and orchid species, with considerable similarity between each orchid species and its host tree, suggesting that the orchid-host tree association is infuenced by the fungal communities of the host tree bark. Epiphytism is one of the most common examples of commensalism occurring in terrestrial environments, which provides advantages, such as less competition and increased access to light, protection from terrestrial herbivores, and better fower exposure to pollinators and seed dispersal 1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Seidenfaden Malaysia: 0.65 These Figures Are Surprisingly High, They Apply to Single Only. T
    BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MALESIAN ORCHIDACEAE 273 VIII. Biogeographyof Malesian Orchidaceae A. Schuiteman Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands INTRODUCTION The Orchidaceae outnumber far other in Malesia. At how- by any plant family present, accurate estimate of the of Malesian orchid is difficult to make. ever, an number species Subtracting the numberofestablishedsynonyms from the numberof names attributed to Malesian orchid species results in the staggering figure of 6414 species, with a retention of 0.74. This is ratio (ratio of ‘accepted’ species to heterotypic names) undoubtedly a overestimate, of the 209 Malesian orchid have been revised gross as most genera never their entire from availablerevisions estimate realis- over range. Extrapolating to a more tic retention ratio is problematic due to the small number of modern revisions and the different of treated. If look for Malesian of nature the groups we comparison at species wide ofretention ratios: some recently revised groups, we encounter a range Bulbophylluw sect. Uncifera (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.24 Dendrobium sect. Oxyglossum (Reeve & Woods, 1989): 0.24 Mediocalcar (Schuiteman, 1997): 0.29 Pholidota (De Vogel, 1988): 0.29 Bulbophyllum sect. Pelma (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.50 Paphiopedilum (Cribb, 1987, modified): 0.57 Dendrobium sect. Spatulata (Cribb, 1986, modified): 0.60. Correspondingly, we find a wide rangeof estimates for the ‘real’ numberof known Male- sian orchid species: from 2050 to 5125. Another approach would be to look at a single area, and to compute the retention ratio for the orchid flora of that area. If we do this for Java (mainly based on Comber, 1990), Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood, 1992) and Sumatra (J.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Orchid Society of Canberra, Inc. PO Box 221, Deakin West, ACT, 2600, Australia Email: [email protected] ABN 34 762 780 850
    Caladenia fuscata Bulletin of the Orchid Society of Canberra, Inc. PO Box 221, Deakin West, ACT, 2600, Australia www.canberraorchids.org Email: [email protected] ABN 34 762 780 850 Volume 3 2, Number 4 July –August 2017 Regular monthly meetings: Monthly meetings of the Society are held on the first Wednesday of each month (except January) at the Seventh Day Adventist Church, corner Gould and Macleay St. Turner. Meetings commence at 8:00pm with the library and sales table open from 7:30pm. Meeting Program 5 July “Growing Australian terrestrial orchids” with Mike Pieloor 2 August “Chinese Cymbidiums” with Scott Mann Upcoming Events 2017 7–8 July 2017 Eurobodalla Orchid Club Winter Show 15–16 July Milton-Ulladulla Orchid Society Winter Show 21–22 July Batemans Bay Orchid and Foliage Society Winter Show Orchid of the Night June 2017; Odontioda (Joe's Drum x 18–20 Aug St Ives Orchid Fair Ametle) x Odontioda Carnette grown by Brian Phelan. 1–2 Sep Eurobodalla Orchid Club Spring Show [photo: Z Groeneveld] 8–9 Sep Bateman's Bay Orchid & Foliage Soc Spring Show 16–17 Sept Milton-Ulladulla Orchid Society Spring Show I grow this plant in a glasshouse on the coast with a 23–24 September. Orchid Society of Canberra Spring bit of heating provided. Minimum temperature is Show . Ainslie Football Club, 52 Wakefield Avenue Ainslie about 13 deg. but can go down to 8. Shading is 90 ACT. Sat 10-5, Sun 10-4. 23–24 Sep Wagga Wagga Orchid Society Show percent with added white wash in the Summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA VEGETAL ORCHIDACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ, RR, BRASIL: ASPECTOS TAXONÔMICOS E BIOGEOGRÁFICOS EDLLEY MAX PESSOA Orientador: Prof. Marccus Alves Co-orientador: Prof. Fábio de Barros Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. RECIFE 2013 Catalogação na fonte Elaine Barroso CRB 1728 Pessoa, Edlley Max Orchidaceae no Parque Nacional do Viruá, RR, Brasil: aspectos taxonômicos e biogeográficos/ Edlley Max Pessoa– Recife: O Autor, 2013. 167 folhas : il., fig., tab. Orientador: Marccus Alves Coorientador: Fábio de Barros Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Biologia Vegetal, 2013. Inclui bibliografia 1. Orquídeas 2. Amazonia 3. Monocotiledôneas I. Alves, Marccus (orientador) II. Barros, Fábio de (coorientador) III. Título 584.4 CDD (22.ed.) UFPE/CCB- 2013- 223 EDLLEY MAX PESSOA ORCHIDACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ, RR, BRASIL: ASPECTOS TAXONÔMICOS E BIOGEOGRÁFICOS Dissertação Apresentada à Banca Examinadora: ____________________________________________ Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marccus Alves Departamento de Botânica – UFPE ____________________________________________ 1º Examinador: Prof. William Wayt Thomas New York Botanical Garden ____________________________________________ 2º Examinador: Prof. Rafael Batista Louzada Departamento de Botânica – UFPE ____________________________________________ 1º Suplente: Prof. Maria Regina Barbosa Departamento de Botânica - UFPB ____________________________________________ 2º Suplente: Prof. Maria Jesus Nogueira Rodal Departamento de Botânica - UFRPE “esta obra há de servir também a alguém, senão pra aprender ao menos pra corrigir”. F.C. Hoehne AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente aos meus pais, que mesmo em diversas turbulências ocorridas nesses 23 anos, mantiveram um padrão de excelência para minha educação.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeographic Review of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas of Eastern Indochina L
    KOMAROVIA (2003) 3: 1–83 Saint Petersburg Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina L. V. Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, D. K. Harder Leonid V. Averyanov, Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phan Ke Loc, Department of Botany, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology of Viet Nam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Dan K. Harder, Arboretum, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora. 1. Background The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, comprising the largest area in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, is situated along the southeastern margin of the Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER?
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica BACKHOUSE, GARY N. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 28- 43 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 28-43. 2007. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA GARY N. BACKHOUSE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Division, Department of Sustainability and Environment 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia [email protected] KEY WORDS:threatened orchids Australia conservation status Introduction Many orchid species are included in this list. This paper examines the listing process for threatened Australia has about 1700 species of orchids, com- orchids in Australia, compares regional and national prising about 1300 named species in about 190 gen- lists of threatened orchids, and provides recommen- era, plus at least 400 undescribed species (Jones dations for improving the process of listing regionally 2006, pers. comm.). About 1400 species (82%) are and nationally threatened orchids. geophytes, almost all deciduous, seasonal species, while 300 species (18%) are evergreen epiphytes Methods and/or lithophytes. At least 95% of this orchid flora is endemic to Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An Annotated Checklist
    Banko Janakari, Vol 29 No. 2, 2019 Pp 28‒41 Karki & Ghimire https://doi.org:10.3126/banko.v29i2.28097 Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An annotated checklist S. Karki1* and S. K. Ghimire1 Suspa-Kshamawoti area of Dolakha district covers diverse vegetation types and harbors many interesting species of orchids. This paper documents 69 species of orchids covering 33 genera based on repeated field surveys and herbarium collections. Of them, 50 species are epiphytic (including lithophytes) and 19 species are terrestrial. Information regarding habit and habitat, phenology, host species and elevational range of distribution of each species are provided in the checklist. Keywords : Bulbophyllum, Nepal, Orchidaceae rchids are one of the most diverse and contributions on documentation of orchid flora are highly evolved groups of flowering made by Bajracharya (2001; 2004); Rajbhandari Oplants, and orchidaceae is the largest and Bhattrai (2001); Bajracharya and Shrestha family comprising 29,199 species and are (2003); Rajbhandari and Dahal (2004); Milleville globally distributed (Govaerts et al., 2017). Out and Shrestha (2004); Subedi et al. (2011); of them, two-third belong to epiphytes (Zotz and Rajbhandari (2015); Raskoti (2015); Raskoti and Winkler, 2013). In Nepal, orchidaceae is one of Ale (2009; 2011; 2012; 2019) and Bhandari et al. the major families amongst the higher flowering (2016 b; 2019). Suspa-Kshamawoti, the northern plants and comprises 502 taxa belonging to 108 part of the Dolakha district covers diverse genera, which forms around 8 percent of our flora vegetation and harbors some interesting species (Raskoti and Ale, 2019). The number of species of orchids. Bhandari et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid (Orchidaceae) Diversity in Mount of Batukau, Bali - Indonesia
    J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. , 5 (8)112 -118 , 2015 ISSN: 2090 -4274 Journal of Applied Environmental © 2015, TextRoad Publication and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Orchid (Orchidaceae) Diversity in Mount of Batukau, Bali - Indonesia Aninda R.U. Wibowo *, I.G. Tirta, I. N. Peneng ’Eka Karya’ Bali Botanical Garden– Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia Received: April 19, 2015 Accepted: July 2, 2015 ABSTRACT Primary forest at Mount of Batukau (Mt. Batukau) had not highly impact for land degradation. The orchid species had not yet much known and exposed. This study aimed to know the richness and correct taxonomicidentification of orchid species in this mount. The exploration conducted on August - September 2014. Both side of mount ridge Wongaya Gede village and Jatiluwih village played asexploration areas. Atotal of 81orchids species from 32 genera recorded from this area. There were 67epiphytic and16terrestrial species. Bulbophyllum was the most dominant genus with 12 species and accounted for 14.82% of all the species encountered. The similarity index of orchid diversity in Wongaya Gede and Pura Petali counted as much 65.57%. KEYWORDS —Bali, Batukau, Diversity, Orchid INTRODUCTION Orchidsbelong to the family Orchidaceae which well known as aesthetic flower. They had variant colours and fragrances. This family was one of the largest familiest among the flowering plant and had approximately 20,000 species throughout the world [1]. It had known as tropical forest in term of orchid diversity. In Java only 731 orchids had recorded [2]. Bali as one of the Lesser Sunda part had least concern of orchid diversity. Orchid diversity in Bali based on the herbarium collections were reported 35 species [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the Evolution of Leaflessness Barbara S
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Eastern Illinois University Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 2006 Molecular Phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the Evolution of Leaflessness Barbara S. Carlsward Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] W. Mark Whitten University of Florida Norris H. Williams Florida Museum of Natural History Benny Bytebier University of Stellenbosch Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlsward, Barbara S.; Whitten, W. Mark; Williams, Norris H.; and Bytebier, Benny, "Molecular Phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the Evolution of Leaflessness" (2006). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 4. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. American Journal of Botany 93(5): 770–786. 2006. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF VANDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) AND THE EVOLUTION OF LEAFLESSNESS1 BARBARA S. CARLSWARD,2,3 W. MARK WHITTEN,2 NORRIS H. WILLIAMS,2 AND BENNY BYTEBIER4 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA; 3Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526 USA; and 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag x1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa Members of tribe Vandeae (Orchidaceae) form a large, pantropical clade of horticulturally important epiphytes. Monopodial leafless members of Vandeae have undergone extreme reduction in habit and represent a novel adaptation to the canopy environment in tropical Africa, Asia, and America.
    [Show full text]