PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI REVEALING THE MESSAGES THROUGH FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “FIREWORK” BY KATY PERRY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By GIOVANNI ERWIN INDRATNO Student Number: 124214084 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI REVEALING THE MESSAGES THROUGH FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “FIREWORK” BY KATY PERRY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By GIOVANNI ERWIN INDRATNO Student Number: 124214084 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ii APPROVAL PAGE iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii TABLE OF CONTENTS viii ABSTRACT x ABSTRAK xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background of the Study 1 B. Problem Formulation 5 C. Objectives of the Study 5 D. Definition of Terms 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7 A. Review of Related Studies 7 B. Review of Related Theories 11 1. Figurative Language 11 a. Metaphor 12 b. Simile 12 c. Personification 13 d. Metonymy 13 e. Symbol 13 f. Allegory 13 g. Paradox 14 h. Hyperbole 14 i. Understatement 15 j. Irony 15 2. Theory of Message 16 C. Theoretical Framework 17 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 18 A. Object of the Study 18 B. Approach of the Study 19 C. Method of the Study 20 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS 22 1. Analysis of the Figurative Language and Its Meaning 22 a. Simile 23 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI b. Personification 25 c. Metaphor 26 d. Irony 28 e. Paradox 29 f. Hyperbole 30 2. The Messages Revealed through the Figurative Language in Katy Perry “Firework” 33 a. Be confident for being yourself 34 b. Keep looking forward 36 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 41 REFERENCES 43 APPENDICES 45 Appendix 1 : Lyric of “Firework” By Katy Perry 45 Appendix 2 : Table of Figurative language in “Firework” 47 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT INDRATNO, GIOVANNI ERWIN (2020). Revealing the Messages through Figurative Language in “Firework” by Katy Perry. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. This thesis discusses the figurative language presented in “Firework” by American singer named Katy Perry. This single is on her third album “Teenage Dream” and was released on August 24, 2010. The song was written by Perry with Ester Dean, the Norwegian production team Stargate, and co-producer Sandy Vee. In literature song lyric is categorized as a poem because of its similarities. One of the similarities is contain figurative language. It is sometimes difficult to interpret for general listener or the reader. Therefore, the researcher conducted the study in figurative language which are found in Katy Perry‟s song “Firework”. The researcher has two objectives in this research. The first objective is to find out the figurative language used in the song. The second objective is to reveal the messages in the song through the figurative language. In Katy Perry‟s “Firework”, the researcher uses library research and information that collected from articles, writings, and the internet. There are two theories that the researcher applied to answer the problem formulation. The first is the theory of figurative language and the second theory is theory of message. There are some steps to answer the problem formulations. The first step is reading the song lyric. The second is collecting all the figurative language. The next step is identifying the implicit meaning of the words containing figurative language using the theory of figurative language by Perrine. The third is revealing the message of the song lyric. In “Firework” song lyric, the researcher found six types of figurative language. They are simile, personification, metaphor, paradox, irony, and hyperbole. The simile occurs in 4 lines, the personification occurs in 3 lines, the metaphor occurs in 3 lines, the paradox occurs in 1 line, the irony occurs in 1 line and the hyperbole occurs in 10 lines. From the analysis of the figurative language, the researcher can reveal some messages using new criticism approach. The messages are to be confident for being yourself and keep looking forward. Keywords: figurative language, message, Katy Perry. x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK INDRATNO, GIOVANNI ERWIN (2020). Revealing the Messages through Figurative Language in “Firework” by Katy Perry. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Tesis ini membahas bahasa kiasan yang disajikan dalam "Firework" oleh seorang penyanyi Amerika bernama Katy Perry. Single ini ada di album ketiganya "Teenage Dream" dan dirilis pada 24 Agustus 2010. Lagu ini ditulis oleh Perry bersama Ester Dean, tim produksi Norwegia Stargate, dan co-produser Sandy Vee. Dalam dunia sastra, lirik lagu dikategorikan sebagai puisi karena kesamaannya. Salah satu kesamaan adalah berisi bahasa kiasan. Terkadang sulit untuk menafsirkan bagi pendengar atau pembaca. Oleh karena itu, peneliti melakukan penelitian terkait bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam lagu Katy Perry "Firework". Peneliti memiliki dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk mengetahui bahasa kiasan yang digunakan dalam lagu tersebut. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk mengungkapkan pesan-pesan dalam lagu melalui bahasa kiasan. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dan informasi yang dikumpulkan dari artikel, tulisan, dan internet. Ada dua teori yang peneliti terapkan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Yang pertama adalah teori bahasa kiasan dan teori kedua adalah teori pesan. Ada beberapa langkah untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Langkah pertama adalah membaca lirik lagu. Langkah kedua adalah mengumpulkan semua bahasa kiasan. Langkah selanjutnya adalah mengidentifikasi arti tersirat dalam kata-kata yang mengandung bahasa kiasan menggunakan teori bahasa kiasan oleh Perrine. Langkah ketiga adalah mengungkap pesan dari lirik lagu. Dalam lirik lagu “Firework”, peneliti menemukan 6 jenis bahasa kiasan. Bahasa kiasan tersebut adalah simile, personifikasi, metafora, paradoks, ironi, dan hiperbola. Simile ada dalam 4 baris, personifikasi dalam 3 baris, metafora ada dalam 3 baris, paradoks ada dalam 1 baris, ironi dalam 1 baris dan hiperbola dalam 10 baris. Dari analisis bahasa kiasan, peneliti dapat mengungkapkan beberapa pesan menggunakan pendekatan kritik baru. Pesan-pesan tersebut adalah: percaya diri untuk menjadi diri mereka sendiri dan terus memandang ke depan. Kata kunci: figurative language, message, Katy Perry. xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Language is a communication tool that has several functions in daily life. One of the functions of the language is to express thoughts. It means language is used to communicate and express wills or feelings with others. According to Kreidler (1998, p. 19) “language is a system of symbols through which people communicate”. From the quotation, it proves that the understanding of the language that we use to communicate is important. Related to the figurative language which has explicit meaning especially in a song lyric or poetry, the reader or the audience should know the meaning as a part of way to communicate. It is categorized as a communication because a song is a way for a songwriter to deliver the message. Where there is a feedback between two persons, it means these two persons are doing communication. Communication is an important part in our daily life because we live as social creature and we need to communicate with others to fulfill our social needs. Communication is a process of someone building relation with other people. Communication has several types, they are verbal, nonverbal, visual, and written. Verbal communication is the use of language through speaking, for example, a conversation in a meeting. The second one is nonverbal communication. It is the use of language through body language or gesture. The third is visual 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2 communication which is the act of communication through photograph, drawing, art, etc. The last type of communication is written communication. The media to transfer the information is through the writing. This study discusses song lyrics which are categorized as written communication. It is the expression of readers within music. Related to song lyric as written communication, sometimes people listen to the music when they are happy. On the other hand, people can feel the song lyrics when they are sad. According to Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, song is the act or art of singing; poetical composition (accessed on October 24, 2019). Composing a song is the way of songwriters to deliver messages about their ideas. It is clearly said that song contains words named lyrics. In a song, lyrics are written in simple form so the listeners can understand easily. In addition to that, the lyrics also represents the writer‟s mind so the listeners can understand the aim of the songwriter creating the song. In literature, a song lyric is categorized