Measurement of the CP-Violating Phase Phis in the Bs
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Physics Letters B 816 (2021) 136188 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Measurement of the CP-violating phase φs in the 0 → → + − + − Bs √ J/ψ φ(1020) μ μ K K channel in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV .The CMS Collaboration CERN, Switzerland a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: 0 The CP-violating weak phase φs and the decay width difference s between the light and heavy Bs Received 5 July 2020 mass eigenstates are measured with the CMS detector at the LHC in a sample of 48 500 reconstructed Received in revised form 24 February 2021 0 → → + − + − Bs J/ψφ(1020) μ μ K K events. The measurement is based on a data sample√ corresponding Accepted 26 February 2021 −1 to an integrated luminosity of 96.4fb , collected in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV in Available online 3 March 2021 2017–2018. To extract the values of φs and s, a time-dependent and flavor-tagged angular analysis Editor: M. Doser + − + − of the μ μ K K final state is performed. The analysis employs a dedicated tagging trigger and a Keywords: novel opposite-side muon flavor tagger based on machine learning techniques. The measurement yields =− ± ± = ± ± −1 CMS φs 11 50 (stat) 10 (syst) mrad and s 0.114 0.014 (stat) 0.007 (syst) ps , in agreement√ with Physics the standard model predictions. When combined with the previous CMS measurement at s = 8 TeV, Oscillations the following values are obtained: φs =−21 ± 44 (stat) ± 10 (syst) mrad, s = 0.1032 ± 0.0095 (stat) ± B physics −1 0.0048 (syst) ps , a significant improvement over the 8TeVresult. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license 3 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP . 0 1. Introduction to Bs mixing [2,3]. Since the numerical value of φs in the SM is known very precisely, even a small deviation from this value would Precision tests of the standard model (SM) of particle physics constitute evidence of BSM physics. The decay width difference be- L H have become increasingly important, since no direct evidence for tween the B and B eigenstates, on the other hand, is predicted s s − 0 less precisely at = 0.091 ± 0.013 ps 1 [4]. Its measurement new physics has been found so far at the CERN LHC. Decays of Bs s mesons present important opportunities to probe the consistency provides an important test for theoretical predictions and can be of the SM. In this Letter, a new measurement of the CP-violating used to further constrain new-physics effects [4]. weak phase φs and the decay width difference s between the The weak phase φs was first measured by the Fermilab Teva- L H 0 tron experiments [5–9], and then at the LHC by the ATLAS, CMS, light (Bs ) and heavy (Bs ) Bs meson mass eigenstates is presented. 0 → Charge-conjugate states are implied throughout, unless stated oth- and LHCb experiments [10–19], using Bs J/ψφ(1020) (referred erwise. to as B0 → J/ψφ in what follows), B0 → J/ψ f (980), and B0 → + s − s 0 s The weak phase φs arises from the interference between di- J/ψ h h decays, where h stands for a kaon or pion. Measure- 0 0 + − rect Bs meson decays to a CP eigenstate of ccss and decays ments of φs in Bs decays to ψ(2S)φ(1020) and Ds Ds were per- through mixing to the same final state. In the SM, φs is re- formed by the LHCb Collaboration [20,21]. 0 → lated to the elements of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix In this Letter, CMS results on the Bs J/ψφ decay to the − =− − ∗ ∗ + − + − via φs 2βs 2 arg( V ts V tb/V cs V cb), neglecting penguin di- μ μ K K final state are presented, and possible additional con- 0 → agram contributions, where βs is one of the angles of the unitary tributions to this final state from the Bs J/ψ f0(980) and non- − 0 → + − triangles. The current best determination of 2βs comes from a resonant Bs J/ψ K K decays are taken into account by in- global fit to experimental data on b hadron and kaon decays. As- cluding a term for an additional S-wave amplitude in√ the decay 0 = suming no physics beyond the SM (BSM) in the Bs mixing and model. Compared to our previous measurement [14]at s 8 TeV, +0.72 decays, a −2βs value of −36.96 − mrad is determined [1]. New we benefit from the increase in the center-of-mass energy from 0.84 0 physics can modify this phase via the contribution of BSM particles 8 to 13 TeV that nearly doubles the Bs production cross section and a novel opposite-side (OS) muon flavor tagger. The new tag- ger employs machine learning techniques and achieves better dis- E-mail address: cms -publication -committee -chair @cern .ch. crimination power than previous methods. We also make use of a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136188 0370-2693/© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3. The CMS Collaboration Physics Letters B 816 (2021) 136188 using the same sign convention as that in the LHCb measure- 0 0 ment [16]. The amount of CP violation in the Bs -Bs system is given by the complex parameter λ, defined as λ = (q/p)(A f /A f ), 0 0 where A f (A f ) is the decay amplitude of the Bs (Bs ) meson to the final state f , and the parameters p and q relate the mass and H = | 0 − | 0 L = | 0 + flavor eigenstates through Bs p Bs q Bs and Bs p Bs | 0 | |2 | |2 | |2 q Bs [24]. The parameters A⊥ , A0 , and A are the magni- tudes of the perpendicular, longitudinal, and parallel transversity 0 → | |2 amplitudes of the Bs J/ψφ decay, respectively; AS is the magnitude of the S-wave amplitude from B0 → J/ψ f (980) and Fig. 1. Definition of the three angles θ , ψ , and describing the topology of the s 0 T T ϕT 0 + − 0 → → + − + − nonresonant B → J/ψ K K decays, and the parameters δ⊥, δ0, Bs J/ψφ μ μ K K decay. s δ , and δS are the respective strong phases. 0 Equation (1)represents the model for the B meson decay, specialized trigger that requires an additional (third) muon, which s 0 can be used for flavor tagging, improving the tagging efficiency at while the model for the Bs meson decay is obtained by chang- the cost of a reduced number of signal events. As a result, the new ing the sign of the ci and di terms in Eq. (2). 0 measurement, while based on a similar number of Bs candidates as the earlier one [14], allows us to double the precision in the 2. The CMS detector determination of φs, as well as measure some of the parameters that were constrained to their world-average values in our previ- The central feature of the CMS apparatus is a superconduct- ous work [14]. At the same time, the precision on parameters that ing solenoid of 6 m internal diameter, providing a magnetic field do not benefit from the tagging information, such as s, is com- of 3.8 T. Within the solenoid volume are a silicon pixel and strip parable to that in the previous measurement. tracker, a lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, and Final states that are mixtures of CP eigenstates require an an- a brass and scintillator hadron calorimeter, each composed of a gular analysis to separate the CP-odd and CP-even components. A barrel and two endcap sections. Forward calorimeters extend the time-dependent angular analysis can be performed by measuring pseudorapidity (η) coverage provided by the barrel and endcap de- the decay angles of the final-state particles and the proper decay tectors. Muons are detected in gas-ionization chambers embedded 0 length of the reconstructed Bs candidate, which is equal to the in the steel flux-return yoke outside the solenoid. proper decay time t multiplied by the speed of light, and referred The silicon tracker measures charged particles within the range to as ct in what follows. |η| < 2.5. During the LHC running period when the data used in In this measurement, we use the transversity basis [22]defined this Letter were recorded, the silicon tracker consisted of 1856 sil- by the three decay angles = (θT, ψT, ϕT), as illustrated in Fig. 1. icon pixel and 15 148 silicon strip detector modules. The angles θT and ϕT are, respectively, the polar and azimuthal Muons are measured in the range |η| < 2.4, with detection + angles of the μ in the rest frame of the J/ψ meson, where the planes made using three technologies: drift tubes, cathode strip x axis is defined by the direction of the φ meson momentum and chambers, and resistive plate chambers. The efficiency to recon- + − the x-y plane is defined by the plane of the φ → K K decay. struct and identify muons is greater than 96%. Matching muons + The helicity angle ψT is the angle of the K meson momentum in to tracks measured in the silicon tracker results in a relative the φ meson rest frame with respect to the negative J/ψ meson transverse momentum (pT) resolution, for muons with pT up to momentum direction.