Today in History November 24, 1868 Robert Abbott

Suggested Readings

Christopher C. De Santis, ed., Langston Hughes and the Defender: Essays on Race, Politics, and Culture, 1942-62 (Urbana: University of Press, 1995).

St. Clair Drake and Horace R. Cayton, Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City, rev. and enl. ed. (1945; reprint, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).

James R. Grossman, Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).

Roi Ottley, The Lonely Warrior: The Life and Times of Robert S. Abbott (Chicago: H. Regnery Co., 1955).

Patrick S. Washburn, A Question of Sedition: The Federal Government's Investigation of the Black Press during World War II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).

“ (1868-1940).” New Georgia Encyclopedia. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3196&sug=y

The Chicago Defender: http://www.chicagodefender.com/

African-American Registry: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/robert-abbott- founder-chicago-defender

Newspaper article about marker dedication: http://savannahnow.com/intown/2008-08-26/marker- honors-local-publishing-giant#.TrmnE3I1Rf0 Image Credits November 24, 1868: Robert Abbott

Black Children Playing in Black-Belt Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USF33-005164-M5

Black Grocer in Black-Belt Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USF33-005142-M2

Black owned Diner, The Perfect Eat Shop Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USW3-001469-D

Abbott, Robert S. “A Recapitulation of 25 Year Work”. Chicago Defender. May 3, 1930: A1. Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/

”100 Negroes Murdered Weekly in by White Americans”. Chicago Defender. March 19, 1910: 1. Real Times Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/

Johnson, Joseph. “Lynching” Chicago Defender. November 7, 1942: 15. Real Times Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/

“Migration and Its Effect”. Chicago Defender. April 20, 1918: Editorial. Real Times Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/

“Mob Murder Must Stop”. Chicago Defender December 9, 1911: 1-2. Real Times Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/

Colored truck Farmer, FL, Highways and Byways of the South by Clifton Johnson, Main Collection, F 215 J66 Courtesy of the Georgia Historical Society

Dipping Tar, SC Highways and Byways of the South by Clifton Johnson, Main Collection, F 215 J66 Courtesy of the Georgia Historical Society

Linotype Operators of Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ppmsca-01614

“Migration Plays Havoc in Georgia”. Chicago Defender June 23, 1923: 1. Real Times Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/

Mr. John Sengstacke- co-owner and GM of Chicago Defender Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USW3-000802-D

Negro drinking at colored water cooler Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA OWI Collection, LC-DIG-fsa-8a26761

Newsboy selling the Chicago Defender Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-USW3-000705-D

Robert Abbot and Chicago Defender Courtesy of the New York Public Library, Sc 650.58-S_1223182_1923

Robert Abbott Courtesy of the New York Public Library, Sc 973-W_1219340_1922

Robert Abbott Courtesy of the New York Public Library, SC-CN-93-0342_1168426 _1927

Shopping in Black-Belt Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USF33-005133-M1

“Southern White People Waking up to Migration”. Chicago Defender Jun 23, 1923: 13. Real Times Inc. ProQuest Archiver. http://www.chicagodefender.com/