nutrients Review Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases João V. S. Guerra 1,2,† , Marieli M. G. Dias 1,3,† , Anna J. V. C. Brilhante 3,4, Maiara F. Terra 1,3, Marta García-Arévalo 1,* and Ana Carolina M. Figueira 1,* 1 Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil;
[email protected] (J.V.S.G.);
[email protected] (M.M.G.D.);
[email protected] (M.F.T.) 2 Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil 3 Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
[email protected] 4 Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil * Correspondence:
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[email protected] (M.G.-A.); ana.fi
[email protected] (A.C.M.F.) † Both authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the Citation: Guerra, J.V.S.; Dias, metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic M.M.G.; Brilhante, A.J.V.C.; Terra, associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this M.F.; García-Arévalo, M.; Figueira, group of chronic diseases.