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Mémoire Andringitra 25 03 09 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DEPARTEMENTS DE BIOLOGIE, ECOLOGIE ET CONSERVATION ANIMALE ET DE BIOLOGIE ET ECOLOGIE VEGETALE MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDE POUR L’OBTENTION DIPLOME D’ETUDE SPECIALISE EN SCIENCES DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT OPTION BIOLOGIE DE CONSERVATION (DESS-SE) Présenté par RAVELONKASINA Dina Malala ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION ALTITUDINALE ET DES MICROHABITATS DE TROIS ESPECES D’HERPETOFAUNE DE HAUTE MONTAGNE D’ANDRINGITRA: Lygodactylus intermedius (PASTEUR, 1970 ), Anodonthyla montana ( ANGEL, 1925) et Mantidactylus madecassus (MILLOT & GUIBE, 1950) EN VUE DE LA CONSERVATION Soutenu publiquement le 25 Février 2009 Devant la commission d’examen composée de : - Président : Madame GABRIELLE RAJOELISON, Professeur titulaire - Rapporteur : Madame Olga RAMILIJAONA, Professeur titulaire - Examinateur : Monsieur Achille RASELIMANANA, Maître de conférence UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DEPARTEMENTS DE BIOLOGIE, ECOLOGIE ET CONSERVATION ANIMALE ET DE BIOLOGIE ET ECOLOGIE VEGETALE MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDE POUR L’OBTENTION DIPLOME D’ETUDE SPECIALISE EN SCIENCES DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT OPTION BIOLOGIE DE CONSERVATION (DESS-SE) Présenté pa r RAVELONKASINA Dina Malala ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION ALTITUDINALE ET DES MICROHABITATS DE TROIS ESPECES D’HERPETOFAUNE DE HAUTE MONTAGNE D’ANDRINGITRA: Lygodactylus intermedius (PASTEUR, 1970 ), Anodonthyla montana ( ANGEL, 1925) et Mantidactylus madecassus (MILLOT & GUIBE, 1950) EN VUE DE LA CONSERVATION Soutenu publiquement le 25 Février 2009 Devant la commission d’examen composée de: - Président : Madame GABRIELLE RAJOELISON, Professeur titulaire - Rapporteur : Madame Olga RAMILIJAONA, Professeur titulaire - Examinateur : Monsieur Achille RASELIMANANA, Maître de conférence REMERCIEMENT Ces travaux sont les fruits de la collaboration et le soutien des différentes personnes qui ont participé, de près ou de loin, à la réalisation de ce mémoire et à qui nous tenons à exprimer nos plus vifs remerciements. Mes remerciements respectueux s’adressent tout particulièrement à Monsieur Le Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences qui m’a autorisé à soutenir ce mémoire. J’exprime mes sincères remerciements, à Monsieur Daniel RAKOTONDRAVONY, Maître de Conférence et coordinateur de la formation DESS-SE, option biologie de conservation, qui malgré ses nombreuses responsabilités, a accepté d’épauler financièrement nos stages sur le terrain. Mes sincères remerciements vont à Madame Olga RAMILIJAONA, Responsable de la formation doctorale et encadreur scientifique qui, malgré ses lourdes tâches et ses responsabilités, ne ménage pas ses efforts pour mon encadrement et ne cesse pas de donner des conseils précieux pour le perfectionnement de la présente étude. Mes gratitudes vont à Madame Gabrielle RAJOELISON, professeur à l’Ecole Supérieur des Sciences Agronomique, d’avoir accepté comme président du jury pendant la présentation. Mes remerciements s’adresse au professeur Achille RASELIMANANA, maître de conférence au département de Biologie Ecologie et Conservation Animale, qui n’ pas rejeté de faire partie des membres du jury. Je voudrais exprimer mes gratitudes à Monsieur MIGUEL VENCES, Docteur Professeur à l’Université d’Amsterdam. Malgré ses multitudes occupations, il n’a pas refusé de m’encadrer et de donner des conseils techniques à l’amélioration de ce mémoire. Je tient également à remercier Monsieur BORA Parfait, étudiant en Doctorat de Troisième Cycle au département de Biologie Ecologie et Conservation Animale, qui nous a conduit et nous a aidé sur terrain. Je voudrais remercier la CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL MADAGASCAR d’avoir financé les descentes sur terrain. Mes plus hautes considérations s’adressent à la Fondation MAC ARTHUR qui a soutenu financièrement la formation en Diplôme d’Etude Supérieure Spécialisée en Science de l’Environnement option Biologie Conservation. Je dédie ma reconnaissance à ma femme FALIARISOA Edwige et à ma fille RAVELONKASINA Finoana Nomenjanahary pour leur soutien moral, spirituel et matériel tout au long de la réalisation de ce mémoire. Je tiens à remercier mes sœurs, mes frères, mes parents et mes amis en christ qui ne cessent de me soutenir spirituellement. RESUME Une étude de la distribution altitudinale et des microhabitats des trois espèces d’herpetofaune, Lygodactylus intermedius , Anodonthyla montana et Mantidactylus madecassus , a été menée dans le parc National d’Andringitra le 5 au 26 Octobre 2006 et le 11 au 28 février 2007. L’étude a pour objectif de faire une évaluation de l’état d’amphibiens et des reptiles des hautes montagnes. Les méthodes d’observation directe et de la fouille systématique des microhabitats ont été appliquées. Le test de chi-carré, la corrélation de Spearman et le test de Student ont été utilisés pour la détermination de la distribution altitudinale et de la préférence des microhabitats de ces trois espèces. Ainsi, sept individus et deux nouveaux sites de distribution de Lygodactylus intermedius ont été redécouverts. Anodonthyla montana se trouve dans trois sites de distribution et Mantidactylus madecassus n’a été repérée que dans deux sites seulement au cours de deux saisons. La répartition des espèces n’est pas uniforme le long de l’altitude. Par rapport aux études passées il existe une restriction de la distribution altitudinale de ces trois espèces. Des mesures de conservation doivent être prises immédiatement afin de préserver ces espèces endémiques locales de massif d’Andringitra. Mots clés : Lygodactylus intermedius, Anodonthyla montana, Mantydactylus madecassus, distribution, microhabitats, Andringitra ABSTRACT Study of distribution altitudinal and microhabitat for three species of frogs and reptiles, Lygodactylus intermedius (Pasteur, 1970 ), Anodonthyla montana Angel, 1925 and Mantidactylus madecassus (Millot & Guibé, 1950), have been conducted in Andringitra National Park, on 5-26 October 2006 and on 11-28 February 2007. The goal of this search is to evaluate the state of herpetofauna in high elevation. Direct observation and systematical search of microhabitat were practiced to search there species. Chi square, Spearman correlation and Student stastical test have been used to confirm the altitudinal distribution, habitat preference and means of microhabitats height f the study species. Two new sites of Lygodactylus intermedius distribution were discovered and Anodonthyla montana was found in three sites. Nevertheless, Mantidactylus madecassus was only found in two sites during dry season and summer. Altitudinal distribution of three species is not uniform. According to the repartition comparison of the current and last study, altitudinal distribution of the three species is desacreased and they go up to the high elevation . Conservation measures have to take to protect in situ these local endemics species of Andringitra. Key words: Lygodactylus intermedius, Anodonthyla montana, Mantydactylus madecassus, distribution, microhabitats, Andringitra SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 I.PRESENTATION DES ESPECES ...................................................................................... 3 I.1.Description et connaissance antérieure sur les trois espèces ....................................... 3 I 1.1. Anodonthyla montana ............................................................................................... 3 I.1.2. Mantydactylus madecassus ........................................................................................ 4 I.1.3 Lygodactylus intermedius (Pasteur 1995) ................................................................. 5 II.PRESENTATION DU MILIEU D’ETUDE ...................................................................... 7 II.1.Historique ....................................................................................................................... 7 II.2.Position Géographique .................................................................................................. 7 II.3.Géologie ........................................................................................................................... 9 II.4.Hydrologie ...................................................................................................................... 9 II.5.Climat .............................................................................................................................. 9 II.6.Végétation ..................................................................................................................... 11 II.6.1.Prairie altimontagne .............................................................................................. 11 II.6.3.Forêt humide de moyenne altitude ...................................................................... 11 II.6.4.Les forêts de haute altitude ................................................................................... 11 II.6.5.Les formations rupicoles ....................................................................................... 11 II.7.Faune ............................................................................................................................. 12 III.MATERIELS ET METHODES ...................................................................................... 13 III.1.Materiels ...................................................................................................................... 13 III.2.Methodes ....................................................................................................................
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