The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: an Analysis of the First Case Reports of Spinal Cord Injuries
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History and Narrative in a Changing Society: James Henry Breasted and the Writing of Ancient Egyptian History in Early Twentieth Century America
History and Narrative in a Changing Society: James Henry Breasted and the Writing of Ancient Egyptian History in Early Twentieth Century America by Lindsay J. Ambridge A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Near Eastern Studies) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Janet E. Richards, Chair Professor Carla M. Sinopoli Associate Professor Terry G. Wilfong Emily Teeter, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago © Lindsay J. Ambridge All rights reserved 2010 Acknowledgments The first person I would like to thank is my advisor and dissertation committee chair, Janet Richards, who has been my primary source of guidance from my first days at the University of Michigan. She has been relentlessly supportive not only of my intellectual interests, but also in securing fieldwork opportunities and funding throughout my graduate career. For the experiences I had over the course of four expeditions in Egypt, I am deeply grateful to her. Most importantly, she is always kind and unfailingly gracious. Terry Wilfong has been a consistent source of support, advice, and encyclopedic knowledge. His feedback, from my first year of graduate school to my last, has been invaluable. He is generous in giving advice, particularly on matters of language, style, and source material. It is not an overstatement to say that the completion of this dissertation was made possible by Janet and Terry’s combined resourcefulness and unflagging support. It is to Janet and Terry also that I owe the many opportunities I have had to teach at U of M. Working with them was always a pleasure. -
Boyer Is the Martin A
II “WE ARE ALL ISLANDERS TO BEGIN WITH”: THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AND THE WORLD IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES J OHN W. B OYER OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON HIGHER XVIIEDUCATION XVII THE COLLEGE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Hermann von Holst, oil portrait by Karl Marr, 1903 I I “WE ARE ALL ISLANDERS TO BEGIN WITH”: The University of Chicago and the World in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries INTRODUCTION he academic year 2007–08 has begun much like last year: our first-year class is once again the largest in T our history, with over 1,380 new students, and as a result we have the highest Autumn Quarter enroll- ment in our history at approximately 4,900. We can be proud of the achievements and the competitiveness of our entering class, and I have no doubt that their admirable test scores, class ranks, and high school grade point averages will show their real meaning for us in the energy, intelligence, and dedication with which our new students approach their academic work and their community lives in the College. I have already received many reports from colleagues teaching first-year humanities general education sections about how bright, dedicated, and energetic our newest students are. To the extent that we can continue to recruit these kinds of superb students, the longer-term future of the College is bright indeed. We can also be very proud of our most recent graduating class. The Class of 2007 won a record number of Fulbright grants — a fact that I will return to in a few moments — but members of the class were rec- ognized in other ways as well, including seven Medical Scientist Training This essay was originally presented as the Annual Report to the Faculty of the College on October 30, 2007. -
The Ancient Use of Faïence in Paediatric Illness FORUM
FORUM HISTORY OF MEDICINE The ancient use of faïence in paediatric illness R J Bittle, C C Bittle We examine the treatment of urinary incontinence in Ancient Egypt with faïence in the light of current concerns regarding the treatment of dysfunctional elimination in children with milk of magnesia. The origins of medical science in Africa and their influence on Western medicine are attested to by surviving documents from the XVIII Dynasty of the New Kingdom period of Pharaonic Egypt. One such document is the Ebers Papyrus, an ancient medical treatise containing 108 columns of text, that represents the then current and ancient medical knowledge in Egypt from about 1536 BC, during the reign of Amenhotep I. Its translation1 provides insight into the art and science of the early practice of historical medicine – some of which still applies to modern medical practice. One ancient practice of interest to the modern practising physician can be found in Rubric #273 (Column 49, Line 21) of the Ebers Papyrus, that involves the treatment of bed-wetting or urinary incontinence in a child. ‘Do this for a child suffering from bed-wetting: Boil faïence beads until they form a pellet; if he be an older child, he should swallow it in a gulp, [but] if he be in swaddling clothes, one should rub [it] together for him in the milk, just as it flows forth from his nurse for four days.’2 Ancient Egyptian faïence (or tjehnet) was one of the first artificial substances created by man (Figs 1 and 2). Used mainly as jewellery, Fig. -
CLEAR II Egyptian Mythology and Religion Packet by Jeremy Hixson 1. According to Chapter 112 of the
CLEAR II Egyptian Mythology and Religion Packet by Jeremy Hixson 1. According to Chapter 112 of the Book of the Dead, two of these deities were charged with ending a storm at the city of Pe, and the next chapter assigns the other two of these deities to the city of Nekhen. The Pyramid Texts describe these gods as bearing Osiris's body to the heavens and, in the Middle Kingdom, the names of these deities were placed on the corner pillars of coffins. Maarten Raven has argued that the association of these gods with the intestines developed later from their original function, as gods of the four quarters of the world. Isis was both their mother and grandmother. For 10 points, consisting of Qebehsenuef, Imsety, Duamutef, and Hapi, the protectors of the organs stored in the canopic jars which bear their heads, these are what group of deities, the progeny of a certain falconheaded god? ANSWER: Sons of Horus [or Children of Horus; accept logical equivalents] 2. According to Plutarch, the proSpartan Kimon sent a delegation with a secret mission to this deity, though he died before its completion, prompting the priest to inform his men that Kimon was already with this deity. Pausanias says that Pindar offered a statue of this god carved by Kalamis in Thebes and Pythian IV includes Medea's prediction that "the daughter of Epaphus will one day be planted... amid the foundations" of this god in Libya. Every ten days a cult statue of this god was transported to Medinet Habu in western Thebes, where he had first created the world by fertilizing the world egg. -
Historical Deception Gives an Excellent Overview of All Things Egyptian
About the Author Moustafa Gadalla was born in Cairo, Egypt in 1944. He gradu- ated from Cairo University with a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering in 1967. He immigrated to the U.S.A. in 1971 to practice as a licensed professional engineer and land surveyor. From his early childhood, Gadalla pursued his Ancient Egyp- tian roots with passion, through continuous study and research. Since 1990, he has dedicated and concentrated all his time to re- searching the Ancient Egyptian civilization. As an independent Egyptologist, he spends a part of every year visiting and studying sites of antiquities. Gadalla is the author of ten internationally acclaimed books. He is the chairman of the Tehuti Research Foundation—an interna- tional, U.S.-based, non-profit organization, dedicated to Ancient Egyptian studies. Other Books By The Author [See details on pages 352-356] Egyptian Cosmology: The Animated Universe - 2nd ed. Egyptian Divinities: The All Who Are THE ONE Egyptian Harmony: The Visual Music Egyptian Mystics: Seekers of the Way Egyptian Rhythm: The Heavenly Melodies Exiled Egyptians: The Heart of Africa Pyramid Handbook - 2nd ed. Tut-Ankh-Amen: The Living Image of the Lord Egypt: A Practical Guide Testimonials of the First Edition: Historical Deception gives an excellent overview of all things Egyptian. The style of writing makes for an easy read by the non- Egyptologists amongst us. Covering a wide variety of topics from the people, language, religion, architecture, science and technol- ogy it aims to dispel various myths surrounding the Ancient Egyp- tians. If you want a much better understanding of Ancient Egypt, then you won’t be disappointed be with the straight forward, no-non- sense approach to information given in Historical Deception. -
An Investigation of the Pharmacological Applications Used for the Ancient Egyptian Systemic Model ' Ra-Ib ' Compared with Mo
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 265 (2021) 113115 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm An investigation of the pharmacological applications used for the Ancient Egyptian systemic model ‘ra-ib’ compared with modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Jonny Russell a,c,1, Mengmeng Sun b,h,1, Wen Liang d, Min He b,h, Yan Schro¨en e, Wenjun Zou f, Tanja Pommerening c,g,**, Mei Wang b,d,i,* a Leiden Institute for Area Studies, Leiden University, Matthias de Vrieshof 4, 2311 BZ, Leiden, the Netherlands b LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands c Graduiertenkolleg 1876 ‘Frühe Konzepte von Mensch und Natur’, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat¨ Mainz, Hegelstraße 59, 55099, Mainz, Germany d SU BioMedicine, Post Bus 546, 2300 AM, Leiden, the Netherlands e Oxrider B.V, Diessenseweg 51, 5081 AE, Hilvarenbeek, the Netherlands f Chengdu University of TCM, No.1166, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China g Institut für Altertumswissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat¨ Mainz, Hegelstraße 59, 55122, Mainz, Germany h Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, 130117, Changchun, China i Shenzhen HUAKAI TCM and Natural Medicine Research Center, NO. 2, Boya Building, Zone A, Dawang Cultural and Creative Industrial Park, Wutong Mountain, No. 197, Kengbei Village, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518114, -
Chest Surgical Disorders in Ancient Egypt Evidence of Advanced Knowledge
SURGICAL RETROSPECTION Chest Surgical Disorders in Ancient Egypt Evidence of Advanced Knowledge Wolfgang Jungraithmayr, MD and Walter Weder, MD canopic jars. In contrast to the heart, which was carefully retained in The ancient Egyptians laid the foundation for the development of the earliest place, the lung was removed and deposited into such a canopic jar recorded systems of medical treatment. Many specialties such as gynecology, under the protection of the God Hapy, one of the sons of Horus. neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and chest disorders were subject to diagnosis, According to Gardiner’s sign list,11 the lung and trachea to- which were followed by an appropriate treatment. Here, we elucidate the gether are provided with their own hieroglyph (Figs. 1A–C). This remarkable level of their knowledge and understanding of anatomy and phys- miniature portrait acts as a trilateral (sma), meaning “unite.” When iology in the field of chest medicine. Furthermore, we look at how ancient carefully observing the configuration of this hieroglyph, the 2 sides Egyptian physicians came to a diagnosis and treatment based on the thoracic at the lower end of the symbol resemble the right and left sides of the cases in the Edwin Smith papyrus. lung whereas the trachea might be represented by the upper part of the (Ann Surg 2012;255:605–608) sign (Fig. 1A). This theory could be supported by the observation that the hieroglyph symbol of the heart reflects the anatomy of vessels in which the blood flow leaves the organ or drains into it (Fig. 2). Thus, he autonomy of the ancient Egyptians ensured a freedom from it seems that the understanding of this physiological arrangement was T foreign intrusions that favored the development of medical ad- already recognized at that time. -
Joyful in Thebes Egyptological Studies in Honor of Betsy M
JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN MATERIAL AND VISUAL CULTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT Editors X xxxxx, X xxxx NUMBER ONE JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN Edited by Richard Jasnow and Kathlyn M. Cooney With the assistance of Katherine E. Davis LOCKWOOD PRESS ATLANTA, GEORGIA JOYFUL IN THEBES EGYPTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF BETSY M. BRYAN Copyright © 2015 by Lockwood Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to Lockwood Press, PO Box 133289, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944276 ISBN: 978-1-937040-40-6 Cover design by Deborah Shieh, adapted by Susanne Wilhelm. Cover image: Amenhotep III in the Blue Crown (detail), ca. 1390–1352 BCE. Quartzite, Ht. 35 cm. Face only: ht. 12.8 cm; w. 12.6 cm. Rogers Fund, 1956 (56.138). Image copyright © the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY. is paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Abbreviations xvii Bibliography of Betsy M. Bryan xxiv Tabula Gratulatoria xxviii T A. BÁCS Some Aspects of Tomb Reuse during the Twentieth Dynasty 1 Y BARBASH e Lion-Headed Goddess and Her Lost Cat: Brooklyn Museum 37.1379E 11 H BASSIR On the Historical Implications of Payeftjauemawyneith’s Self-Presentation on Louvre A 93 21 L M. -
Practicing Medicine in Ancient Egypt
Practicing Medicine in Ancient Egypt Michael R. Zimmerman March 28, 2017 Michael Zimmerman is Adjunct Professor of Biology at Villanova University, Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, and Visiting Professor at the University of Manchester (UK) KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology. et us start by imagining what Albert Einstein called a “thought experiment.” It is the year 5015 CE L and an excavation of an ancient hospital, ca. 2016 CE, uncovers an ancient book, written on paper rather than on the current electronic device. Although the book is in poor condition there is a partial hieroglyphic title, transcribed by an Egyptologist and a paleopathologist as Merck Manual. The book seems to be a compilation of disease descriptions and treatments by a long forgotten Dr. Merck. The diseases are difficult to decipher in an era when humans live to the age of 150 and die only when aged organs fail. It appears that the body could be attacked by minute parasitic organisms, visible only with an ancient tool called a “microscope.” Some cells appear to have taken on a life of their own, destroying the body by causing diseases known by a variety of poorly preserved terms such as “cancer” or “neoplasm.” The task of our future paleopathologist is analogous to that of the difficult undertaking of deciphering ancient Egyptian medical papyri. There are a number of surviving papyri, in various degrees of completeness, which have been studied by physicians and Egyptologists. They have done remarkably well, particularly in that the writing is mostly in the difficult hieratic rather than hieroglyphic text. -
American Historical Association
ANNUAL REPORT Of THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION fOR THE YEAR 1914 IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I :'\ !j' J !\T .1'__ ,,:::;0 '" WASHINGTON 1916 LETTER OF SUBMITTAL. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D.O., February 135, 1916. To the Oongress of the United States: In accordance with the act of incorporation of the American Historical Association, approved January 4, 1889, I have the honor to submit to Congress the annual report of the association for the year 1914. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAru.Es D. WALCOTI', Searetary. 3 ACT OF INCORPORATION. Be it enacted by the Senate UJTUi House of Representatives of the United States of America in Oongress assembled, That Andrew D. White, of Ithaca, in the State of New York; George Bancroft, of Washington, in the District of Columbia; Justin Winsor, of Cam bridge, in the State of Massachusetts; William F. Poole, of Chicago, in the State of Dlinois; Herbert B. Adams, of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland; Clarence W. Bowen, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, their associates and successors, are hereby created, in the Dis trict of Columbia, a body corporate and politic by the name of the American Historical Association, for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history and of history in America. Said association is authorized to hold real and personal estate. in the District of Columbia so far only as may be nesessary to its lawful ends to an amount not exceeding five hundred thousand dollars, to adopt a constitution, and make by-laws not inconsistent with law. -
Daf Ditty Eruvin 103- Papyrus As Bandage
Daf Ditty Eruvin 103: Papyrus, Bandaging, Despair The Soul has Bandaged moments The Soul has Bandaged moments - When too appalled to stir - She feels some ghastly Fright come up And stop to look at her - Salute her, with long fingers - Caress her freezing hair - Sip, Goblin, from the very lips The Lover - hovered - o'er - Unworthy, that a thought so mean Accost a Theme - so - fair - The soul has moments of escape - When bursting all the doors - She dances like a Bomb, abroad, And swings opon the Hours, As do the Bee - delirious borne - Long Dungeoned from his Rose - Touch Liberty - then know no more - But Noon, and Paradise The Soul's retaken moments - When, Felon led along, With shackles on the plumed feet, And staples, in the song, The Horror welcomes her, again, These, are not brayed of Tongue - EMILY DICKINSON 1 Her bandaged prison of depression or despair is truly a hell from which no words can escape, whether a call for help, a poem, or a prayer. 2 3 Rashi . שדקמ but not outside of the בש ת on שדקמה ב י ת may wrap a reed over his wound in the הכ ן A If he ימג יסמ - the ימג and, wound the heals פר ו הא תבשב ובש ת ה י א . ;explains, as the Gemara later says . אד ו ר י י את א י ס ו ר because it’s an , שדקמ in the סא ו ר is trying to draw out blood, it is even MISHNA: With regard to a priest who was injured on his finger on Shabbat, he may temporarily wrap it with a reed so that his wound is not visible while he is serving in the Temple. -
Egyptian Magic Publishers’ Note
S.V. JBooftg on Bagpt anft Cbalfta?a VOL. II. EGYPTIAN MAGIC PUBLISHERS’ NOTE. In the year 1894 Dr. Wallis Budge prepared for Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. an elementary work on the Egyptian language, entitled “First Steps in Egyptian,” and two years later the companion volume, “ An Egyptian Reading Book,” with transliterations of all the texts printed in it, and a full vocabulary. I he success of these works proved that they had helped to satisfy a want long felt by students of the Egyptian language, and as a similar want existed among students of the languages written in the cuneiform character, Mr. L. W. King, of the British Museum, prepared, on the same lines as the two books mentioned above, an elementary work on the Assyrian and Babylonian languages (“First Steps in Assyrian”), which appeared in 1898. These works, however, dealt mainly with the philological branch of Egyptology and Assyriology, and it was impossible in the space allowed to explain much that needed explanation in the other branches of these subjects—that is to say, matters relating to the archaeology, history, religion, etc., of the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians. In answer to the numerous requests which have been made, a series of short, popular handbooks on the most important branches of Egyptology and Assyriology have been prepared, and it is hoped that these will serve as introductions to the larger works on these subjects. The present is the second volume of the series, and the succeeding volumes will be published at short intervals, and at moderate prices.