DOCSLIB.ORG

Working Paper Series

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Working Paper Series 1 Working Paper Series Papers available in the Working Paper Series are works in progress. Please do not cite without permission. Any comments should be addressed directly to the author Reference WP012 Title Self Valorisation and the Exploration of the Common’ Author Oli Harrison Email: [email protected] 2 ‘Self Valorisation and the Exploration of the Common’ Key Words – Negri, Revolutionary Subjectivity, Self Valorisation, the Common, Marx Abstract The purpose of this article is to establish the continuity of a key concept in the work of Antonio Negri, both individually, and in his co authored work with Michael Hardt. I will argue that although developed in a very specific practical and theoretical conjuncture, the concept of ‘self valorisation’ is critical for understanding Negri’s theory of revolutionary subjectivity, both then and now. Even the most rudimentary glance at Negri’s early and later work will confirm that the concept is used significantly less, and yet, I will demonstrate that through what I call the exploration of the common, the theory remains highly operative. Although wrested from its original context, then, self valorisation finds itself used in a way that attempts to bridge the gap between the technical and political aspects of the class composition of the multitude. 3 Introduction Since the publication of Empire (2000) and Multitude (2004) the work of Antonio Negri has become increasingly prevalent in radical social theory. In one sense, at least, this was always likely to be the case, especially when one considers Negri’s own personal reputation as a militant scholar that in the 1970’s, found himself in serious trouble with the Italian authorities. On another level, however, the success of Empire was perhaps due to its seeming ability to cross and combine various academic disciplines. Academically the book generated numerous debates, and in general, both translations of Negri’s earlieri and laterii writings (in English), alongside contemporary volumes dedicated to his work are becoming rapidly available. Yet it has always seemed to me that the foundation to many of the arguments in both Empire and Multitude could in fact be found much earlier, particularly in Negri’s collected lectures that came to comprise Marx beyond Marx (1982). Hence, the method of the ‘antagonistic tendency’, the notion of ‘real subsumption’, the embryonic multitude in the form of the ‘socialised worker’, the demands for a ‘social wage’, all very much at the heart of Negri’s most recent work, can be found directly in his early periods. For the purposes of my argument, the same phenomenon can and must also be applied to Negri’s theory of self valorisation. Negri’s theory of self valorisation, in other words, although developed in a very different context, remains very much at the heart of his theory of revolutionary subjectivity today. In the English speaking world, without a doubt the most significant attempt to take up this concept has been by Harry Cleaver (1982, 1992, 2003) Over the years the various materials on his personal website (including his highly useful reading guide to Marx’s Capital) have remained an excellent resource, and it is without a doubt he that has offered the most consistent and engaging appropriation of Negri’s concept. However, 4 to my knowledge at least, what Cleaver hasn’t done (as yet) is to situate the concept in Negri’s most recent thought, both individually and in his well known collaborative work with Michael Hardt. The aim of this essay is to contribution to that task. Structurally, the essay will follow a simple pattern. I will start by establishing the contours to the particular form of Marxist theory that developed in Italy during her period of post WW2 reconstruction. I will then move directly to assess the way Negri’s theory of self valorisation emerged as a way of radicalising the most basic elements to that theory. Finally, I will demonstrate where his theory sits today. 5 Operaismo During the post WW2 years of Italian reconstruction, a group of young militant scholars gradually began to pull themselves away from the orthodox concerns of their respective institutional allegiances (Wright 2002, p15) In particular, they began to question their complicity in establishing the basis on which Italy’s ‘economic miracle’ would be built; the enforced docility of labour. In this sense perhaps the most pressing concern was rethinking the precise relationship between capital and labour. In this sense Tronti’s (1979a, 1979b) work would become decisive, and would lead to the development of a specifically Italian chapter in the history of Marxist theory. According to Tronti (1979a, p1) for too long had Marxist theory regarded the development of working class struggle as a mere ‘reactive’ phenomenon, based on and simply mirroring the development of capital. What was needed, according to him, was nothing less than a complete inversion; ‘to reverse the polarity, and start again from the beginning: and at the beginning is the class struggle of the working class’. Whether one regards this as a ‘theoretical regression’ (Lumley 1980, p129), a Copernican inversion’ (Moulier 2005, p 19) or for its ‘scandalous novelty’ (Wright 2002, p 63), its importance as a fundamental axiom for the development of Negri’s theory of self valorisation cannot be overstated. For Tronti, then, ‘At the level of socially developed capital, capitalist development becomes subordinated to working class struggles: it follows behind them, and they set the pace to which the political mechanisms of capital’s own development must be tuned’. Far from being the mere re-active objects of capitalist exploitation, through Tronti’s insistence we learn an entirely different story. It is, in fact, capital that is re-active, and it is the working class that ‘sets the pace’ to which it must find an adequate response. Even when reduced to a mere ‘factor of production’, (Tronti (1979b, p10, p18) would insist that 6 the working class still held the key commodity on which the whole edifice of bourgeois society was built – labour power. There is ‘no active life in capital’ without it. Hence, objectively the working class was the most powerful subjectivity that could confront capitalist hegemony. The ‘simplest of revolutionary truths’ thus becomes immediately clear; ‘capital can not destroy the working class: (but) the working class can destroy capital’. Tronti’s starting point, then, is simple enough. It is the power of living labour that is the dynamic element to capitalist society. For capital, this power must be harnessed in such a way to ensure it remains mere labour capacity, and doesn’t develop into a fully blown antagonistic subjectivity. The possibility remains, however, that the latter option might indeed occur. What, in other words, would be capital’s response if the working class set a pace to which it couldn’t follow? It was Raniero Panzieri that was to provide the most significant answer. In his excellent ‘The Capitalist use of Machinery’ (1980) he argued strongly that Italian post war reconstruction was premised directly on the strategic use of machinery to break the power of the Italian working class, a power that had accumulated significantly during the resistance to Fascism. It is crucial to note the importance the re-reading of Marx during this period; especially the chapters in Capital that deal with the development of the division of labour and the consequent growth of machinery (Casarino & Negri 2008, p50) In this respect, the significance of the return to Marx was twofold. In chapter 14 of Capital, for instance, Marx (1990, p458) outlines clearly the way that the ‘specialised worker’ was to become the basis to a potentially much stronger subjectivity, as embodied in the ‘collective worker’. A chapter later, Marx (Ibid, p562, 563) adds that it was the development of machinery that was used selectively as a means of both deskilling the specialised worker, and disciplining the collective worker. Following Marx, then, against the complicit union 7 strategy of the time Panzieri (1980, p49) argued that far from being a mere ‘passing phase…a painful but necessary transition’, the capitalist use of machinery was used solely to both deepen its domination and offer ‘new possibilities for the consolidation of its power’. Panzieri’s work on the strategic employment of machinery to combat working class struggle was to be enriched by a series of ‘workers enquires’ in the factories of FIAT and Olivetti, under the foresight of Romano Alquati (Wright 2002, p 46). In what was to become Alquati’s most enduring legacy for the development of Operaismo (Wright 2007, p279), it was in and though these studies that the key theoretical concept of ‘class composition’ emerged. This theory would quickly become a perfect example of the ‘rigorously one sided class logic’ that was initially demanded by Tronti (1979a, p6) In Volume 1 of Capital Marx (1990, p762) referred to the ‘composition of capital’ primarily in relation to capitalist power, i.e. the relationship between constant and variable capital, and the way this would determine its ability to exploit the working class. Beyond this perspective, the analysis of class composition sought to understand the ways the working class could resist capitalist exploitation, and in so doing, find ways of developing its own composition. The theory of class composition involves an analysis of both the technical and political characteristics of productive subjectivity (Negri 2008b, p105). Technically, class composition is conditioned by the objective characteristics of labour itself, i.e. the way in which it is organised, the tools that it uses, the commodities that it produces etc. Politically, class composition is established by both a present and anticipated development of its subjective capacities, all of which would develop in line with its technical determinants, i.e.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fictitious Capital and the Elusive Quest in Understanding Its Implications: Illusions and Paradoxes*
    CADMUS, Volume 2, No.3, October 2014, 55-65 Fictitious Capital and the Elusive Quest in Understanding its Implications: Illusions and Paradoxes* Joanílio Rodolpho Teixeira Fellow, World Academy of Art & Science; Emeritus Professor, University of Brasilia, Brazil Paula Felix Ferreira Post-graduate Student, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain Abstract This paper deals with the interaction between fictitious capital and the neoliberal model of growth and distribution, inspired by the classical economic tradition. Our renewed interest in this literature has a close connection with the recent international crisis in the capitalist economy. However, this discussion takes as its point of departure the fact that standard eco- nomic theory teaches that financial capital, in this world of increasing globalization, leads to new investment opportunities which improve levels of growth, employment, income distribu- tion, and equilibrium. Accordingly, it is said that such financial resources expand the welfare of people and countries worldwide. Here we examine some illusions and paradoxes of such a paradigm. We show some theoretical and empirical consequences of this vision, which are quite different and have harmful constraints. 1. Introduction There is an extensive controversy concerning traditional models of economic equi- librium and new development paradigms based on an interdisciplinary, broader study of economics. When faced with the harmful effects of misguided directives in an economic and global sense, theorists have the obligation not only to explain their causes, but also to offer a practical solution or alternate thinking. After all, consistent levels of poverty, unemploy- ment and low growth are results which were not expected in orthodox economic models of equilibrium and should be dealt with instead of being thrown aside as a politically restricted issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Marxism, Sociology and Poulantzas's Theory of the State
    Marxism, Sociology and Poulantzas's Theory of the State Simon Clarke 1 Introduction Political developments in the last ten years have led to a very considerable re- newal of interest in Marxist economic and political analysis, and to a concerted attempt to reinvigorate Marxist theory as a revolutionary force. The focus of this movement is the attempt to develop a Marxist critique of Stalinist dogma- tism and of post-Stalinist revisionism. Its material conditions are the end of the long wave of post-war capitalist expansion and the reappearance of capitalist crisis, on the one hand, and the development of working class resistance to the domination of capital independently of the orthodox Communist Parties, on the other. This Marxist renaissance is taking place in conditions which make it ex- tremely vulnerable to absorption into the frame of reference of bourgeois ideol- ogy. Since 1930 Marxist theory has been positively or negatively dominated by the official Marxism of the orthodox Communist Parties (which I shall refer to as `dogmatism'). Those Marxists who were not prepared to subordinate themselves to dogmatism were not able to challenge it either. The period of cold war and the absence of independent working class resistance to capital meant that there was no basis on which such a challenge could be mounted. The independence of such Marxism was maintained by its diversion of attention from political and economic concerns. It was dominated by the attempt to explain the ap- parent solidity of bourgeois domination by reference to specific superstructural features which varied from one country to another, thus constituting various na- tional schools of `Western Marxism', which borrowed heavily from the dominant bourgeois cultural theories in the various countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformations in Capital Accumulation
    Transformations in capital accumulation: From the national production of an universal labourer to the international fragmentation of the productive subjectivity of the working-class Juan Iñigo Carrera Buenos Aires, 2002 CICP CENTRO para la INVESTIGACION como CRITICA PRACTICA [email protected] Transformations in capital accumulation: From the national production of an universal labourer to the international fragmentation of the productive subjectivity of the working-class Juan Iñigo Carrera 1. The starting point The revolutionary action of the working-class needs to organise itself through the awareness of its concrete determinations. Since we are focusing on a process characterised by international integration and fragmentation, it could seem that the most concrete approach is that circumscribed to the economic policies that prevailed in the different national processes of capital accumulation involved.1 Still, this approach ends up by bringing down all historically-specific necessity to the immediate action of those that personify capital. Thus, apologetics of capitalism presents national capitalists and state-bureaucrats as the social subjects whose abstract will rules the historical movement. Opposite to this sterility it could seem that the starting point lies in capitalism’s global unity, once this unity is represented as the movement of accumulation regimes, their rise, ‘failure’ and fall. Still, then, the subject of historical change seems to have vanished, as if this were ‘a process without a subject’.2 Once again, abstraction has displaced the concrete. It could seem, then, that the answer lies on circumscribing the global unity of accumulation to its concrete manifestation: class struggle. Still, considered in itself, class struggle comes down to a series of confrontations in which, now the working-class prevails and advances, now it is defeated and retreats, at the rhythm imposed by the development of working-class consciousness.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Unified Theory Analysing Workplace Ideologies: Marxism And
    Marxism and Racial Oppression: Towards a Unified Theory Charles Post (City University of New York) Half a century ago, the revival of the womens movementsecond wave feminismforced the revolutionary left and Marxist theory to revisit the Womens Question. As historical materialists in the 1960s and 1970s grappled with the relationship between capitalism, class and gender, two fundamental positions emerged. The dominant response was dual systems theory. Beginning with the historically correct observation that male domination predates the emergence of the capitalist mode of production, these theorists argued that contemporary gender oppression could only be comprehended as the result of the interaction of two separate systemsa patriarchal system of gender domination and the capitalist mode of production. The alternative approach emerged from the debates on domestic labor and the predominantly privatized character of the social reproduction of labor-power under capitalism. In 1979, Lise Vogel synthesized an alternative unitary approach that rooted gender oppression in the tensions between the increasingly socialized character of (most) commodity production and the essentially privatized character of the social reproduction of labor-power. Today, dual-systems theory has morphed into intersectionality where distinct systems of class, gender, sexuality and race interact to shape oppression, exploitation and identity. This paper attempts to begin the construction of an outline of a unified theory of race and capitalism. The paper begins by critically examining two Marxian approaches. On one side are those like Ellen Meiksins Wood who argued that capitalism is essentially color-blind and can reproduce itself without racial or gender oppression. On the other are those like David Roediger and Elizabeth Esch who argue that only an intersectional analysis can allow historical materialists to grasp the relationship of capitalism and racial oppression.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rate of Turnover in Karl Marx's Analysis of Capitalist Valorisation
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Capital’s Pons Asinorum: the Rate of Turnover in Karl Marx’s Analysis of Capitalist Valorisation Passarella, Marco and Baron, Hervé University of Leeds, Università dell’Insubria 20 May 2013 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48306/ MPRA Paper No. 48306, posted 17 Jul 2013 08:35 UTC CAPITAL’S PONS ASINORUM: THE RATE OF TURNOVER IN KARL MARX’S ANALYSIS OF CAPITALIST VALORISATION * Marco [VERONESE] PASSARELLA and Hervé BARON† Version: 3.2. Last updating: July 14th, 2013 Abstract. This article aims to shed light on the role played by the ‘rate of turnover’ of capital within the Marxian analysis of the working laws of capitalism. Oddly enough, that concept has been neglected by the most part of Karl Marx’s scholars and exegetes, as is demonstrated proved by the small number of scientific works dealing with it. Yet, the rate of turnover plays a crucial role in Marx’s economic thought, since it allows Marx to address the impact of the improvement in finance, transportation and means of communication on the capitalist process of creation (and realization) of surplus-value. As we are going to show, the new manuscripts from the MEGA2 philological edition of Marx’s writings may provide some useful insights. Against this background, the goal of the paper is twofold: first, to bridge the gap in the literature concerning the economic thought of Marx; second, to provide a rigorous (and general) definition of the notion of the ‘rate of turnover’ of capital. This will also allow us: to redefine the concept of the ‘annual rate of profit’; to define a new linked concept – that is, the ‘temporal composition of capital’; and to add a further element in the debate on the counter- tendencies to the law of the tendential fall in the general rate of profit.
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Process and the Division of Labour, a Reading Bruno Tinel
    Labour process and the division of labour, a reading Bruno Tinel To cite this version: Bruno Tinel. Labour process and the division of labour, a reading. 2009. halshs-00435252 HAL Id: halshs-00435252 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00435252 Submitted on 24 Nov 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Documents de Travail du Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne Labour process and the division of labour, a reading Bruno TINEL 2009.74 Maison des Sciences Économiques, 106-112 boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75647 Paris Cedex 13 http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/CES-docs.htm ISSN : 1955-611X Labour process and the division of labour, a reading1 Bruno TINEL Centre d’Économie de la Sorbonne Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne [email protected] Abstract This article proposes an analysis of the labour process and the division of labour in capitalist production through a reading of Marx and a few others like Babbage and Braverman. The distinction between labour and labour power is used to expose the specificity of the labour process. Cooperation constitutes the fundamental form of capitalist production, which entails a double-sided command (coordination to produce use-values and despotism to extract surplus-value).
    [Show full text]
  • « Labour in the Era of Fictitious Capital », by Norbert Trenkle
    palim-psao.fr http://www.palim-psao.fr/2015/08/labour-in-the-era-of-fictitious-capital-by-norbert-trenkle.html « Labour in the Era of Fictitious Capital », by Norbert Trenkle 5 Août 2015 Labour in the Era of Fictitious Capital Never Work Conference presentation, Cardiff, 10 July 2015 By Norbert Trenkle 1. It is widely understood that social production in capitalist society takes the form of commodity production. That is why Marx quite rightly regarded the commodity as the “elementary form” of capitalist wealth and chose it as the analytical starting point for his critique of political economy. Economic theory has no idea at all what to do with this theoretical approach. It treats the notion that people mediate their sociality through the production and exchange of commodities as an anthropological truism. It never regards a human being as anything other than a potential private producer who manufactures things in order to exchange them with other private producers while always keeping his or her own particular interests in mind. The difference between wealth production in modern capitalist society and in traditional communities is therefore regarded as merely one of degree, with the caveat that the social division of labour is far more highly developed under modern capitalism due to technological advancements and the clever insight that people become more productive as they become more specialised. This view is a simple projection that intrinsically legitimises capitalist relations as trans-historical. While commodities and money did exist in many pre-capitalist societies, their social significance was entirely different from that under capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Competing Marxist Theories on the Temporal Aspects of Strike Waves: Silver’S Product Cycle Theory and Mandel’S Long Wave Theory
    Competing Marxist Theories on the Temporal Aspects of Strike Waves: Silver’s Product Cycle Theory and Mandel’s Long Wave Theory Eddie Cottle, Rhodes University, South Africa ABSTRACT Despite the profound changes in capitalist development since the industrial revolution, strike waves and mass strikes are still a feature of the twenty-first century. This article examines two Marxist theories that seek to explain the temporal aspects of strike waves. In the main, I argue that Silver’s product cycle theory, suffers from an over-determinism, and that turning point strike waves are not mainly determined by lead industries. Mandel’s long wave theory argues that technological innovations tend to cluster and thus workers in different industries feature prominently in strike waves. By re-examining and comparing two competing Marxist theories on the temporality of strike waves and turning points, I will attempt to highlight the similarities but also place emphasis on where the theories differ. I examine the applicability of the theories to the South African case, and reference recent world events in order to ascertain the explanatory power of the competing theories. In the main I argue that Silver’s product cycle lead theory does not fit the South African experience. KEYWORDS turning point strike waves; product cycle; long waves; capitalism Introduction Despite the profound changes in capitalist development since the industrial revolution, strike waves and mass strikes are still a feature of the twenty-first century. This article examines two Marxist theories that seek to explain the temporal aspects of strike waves. Both theories are especially concerned with strikes that alter labour–capital relations, or turning points, and both focus on the world-historical scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges for Marxism and Anti-Racism
    DEMOCRATIC MARXISM DEMOCRATIC MARXISM SERIES Series Editor: Vishwas Satgar The crisis of Marxism in the late twentieth century was the crisis of orthodox and van- guardist Marxism associated mainly with hierarchical communist parties, and imposed, even as state ideology, as the ‘correct’ Marxism. The Stalinisation of the Soviet Union and its eventual collapse exposed the inherent weaknesses and authoritarian mould of vanguardist Marxism. More fundamentally, vanguardist Marxism was rendered obsolete but for its residual existence in a few parts of the world, as well as within authoritarian national liberation movements in Africa and in China. With the deepening crises of capitalism, a new democratic Marxism (or democratic his- torical materialism) is coming to the fore. Such a democratic Marxism is characterised in the following ways: • Its sources span non-vanguardist grassroots movements, unions, political fronts, mass parties, radical intellectuals, transnational activist networks and parts of the progressive academy; • It seeks to ensure that the inherent categories of Marxism are theorised within constantly changing historical conditions to find meaning; • Marxism is understood as a body of social thought that is unfinished and hence challenged by the need to explain the dynamics of a globalising capitalism and the futures of social change; • It is open to other forms of anti-capitalist thought and practice, including cur- rents within radical ecology, feminism, emancipatory utopianism and indigenous thought; • It does not seek to be a monolithic and singular school of thought but engenders contending perspectives; • Democracy, as part of the heritage of people’s struggles, is understood as the basis for articulating alternatives to capitalism and as the primary means for con- stituting a transformative subject of historical change.
    [Show full text]
  • Organisedon the Orientations of Theory and the Theorisations of Organisation in the Philosophy of Karl Marx
    atoms organisedon the orientations of theory and the theorisations of organisation in the philosophy of Karl Marx Bue Rübner Hansen Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen Mary University, London December 2013 1 Appendix A: Required statement of originality for inclusion in research degree theses I, Bue Rübner Hansen, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: 18.12.2013 2 Abstract Atoms Organised - On the Orientations of Theory, and the Theorisations of Organisation in the philosophy of Karl Marx The contemporary crisis has lead to a renewed interest in Marx's critique of political economy. But today it is hard to read Marx as the prophet of a new and better world, his writings on capitalism's self-destructive tendencies seem without hope: where Marx believed that capitalist organisation would concentrate, homogenise and organise labour and orientate it toward socialism, in today's globalised capitalism the tendency is the opposite, towards precariousness, disorganisation and competition.
    [Show full text]
  • Working-Class Representation As a Literary and Political Practice from the General Strike to the Winter of Discontent
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of East Anglia digital repository Representing revolt: working-class representation as a literary and political practice from the General Strike to the Winter of Discontent Matti Ron PhD English Literature University of East Anglia School of Literature, Drama and Creative Writing August 2020 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract Though the dual sense of representation—as an issue of both aesthetic or organisational forms—has long been noted within Marxist literary criticism and political theory, these differing uses of the term have generally been considered to be little more than semantically related. This thesis, then, seeks to address this gap in the discourse by looking at working- class representation as both a literary and political practice to show that their relationship is not just one of being merely similar or analogous, but rather that they are structurally homologous. To demonstrate this point, this thesis will perform close readings of clusters of texts to chart the development of working-class fiction between two high-points of class struggle in Britain—the 1926 General Strike and the 1978-79 Winter of Discontent—with the intention
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism
    Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd i 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM Historical Materialism Book Series Editorial Board Paul Blackledge, Leeds – Sébastien Budgen, Paris Michael Krätke, Amsterdam – Stathis Kouvelakis, London – Marcel van der Linden, Amsterdam China Miéville, London – Paul Reynolds, Lancashire Peter Thomas, Amsterdam VOLUME 16 BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd ii 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism Edited by Jacques Bidet and Stathis Kouvelakis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 BIDET2_f1_i-xv.indd iii 10/25/2007 8:05:05 PM This book is an English translation of Jacques Bidet and Eustache Kouvelakis, Dic- tionnaire Marx contemporain. C. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris 2001. Ouvrage publié avec le concours du Ministère français chargé de la culture – Centre national du Livre. This book has been published with financial aid of CNL (Centre National du Livre), France. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Translations by Gregory Elliott. ISSN 1570-1522 ISBN 978 90 04 14598 6 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]