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Dottorato Di Ricerca in Economia Università degli Studi di Ferrara DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN ECONOMIA CICLO XXII COORDINATORE Prof. Stefano Zambon THE ECONOMIC AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE URBANISTIC PROCESS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA: The management system of the Urban Historic Conservation Area in the megalopolis Settore Scientifico Disciplinare ICAR/20 Dottorando Tutore Dott. Xu Haohao Prof. Ceccarelli Paolo Co-Tutore Prof. Wu Qingzhou Anni 2007/2009 Registrazione modulo Dichiarazione di conformità MODULO INVIATO CORRETTAMENTE Consegnare la copia stampata e debitamente firmata all'Ufficio Dottorato e Alta Formazione in via Scienze 41b Ferrara Io sottoscritto Dott. (Cognome e Nome) XU HAOHAO nato a NANJING Provincia JIANGSU il giorno 04-14-1980 Your E-Mail Address [email protected] avendo frequentato il corso di Dottorato di Ricerca in: ECONOMIA Ciclo di Dottorato XXII Titolo della tesi in Italiano GLI ASPETTI ECONOMICI E FISICI DEI PROCESSI URBANISTICI NEL PEARL RIVER DELTA: I Sistemi di gestione dell'Area di Conservazione Storica Urbana della megalopoli Titolo della tesi in Inglese THE ECONOMIC AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE URBANISTIC PROCESS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA: The management system of the Urban Historic Conservation Area in the megalopolis Tutore - Prof: CECCARELLI PAOLO Settore Scientifico Disciplinare (SSD) ICAR/20 Parole chiave (max 10) THE PEARL RIVER DELTA, THE MEGALOPOLIS, URBANIZATION, THE MEGALOPOLIS SETTLEMENT, THE URBAN HISTORIC CONSERVATION AREA Consapevole - Dichiara CONSAPEVOLE --- 1) del fatto che in caso di dichiarazioni mendaci, oltre alle sanzioni previste dal codice penale e dalle Leggi speciali per l’ipotesi di falsità in atti ed uso di atti falsi, decade fin dall’inizio e senza necessità di lcuna formalità dai benefici conseguenti al provvedimento emanato sulla base di tali dichiarazioni; -- 2) dell’obbligo per l’Università di provvedere al deposito di legge delle tesi di dottorato al fine di assicurarne la conservazione e la consultabilità da parte di terzi; -- 3) della procedura adottata dall’Università di Ferrara ove si richiede che la tesi sia consegnata dal dottorando in 4 copie di cui una in formato cartaceo e tre in formato .pdf, non modificabile su idonei supporti (CD-ROM, DVD) secondo le istruzioni pubblicate sul sito : http://www.unife.it/dottorati/dottorati.htm alla voce ESAME FINALE – disposizioni e modulistica; -- 4) del fatto che l’Università sulla base dei dati forniti, archivierà e renderà consultabile in rete il testo completo della tesi di dottorato di cui alla presente dichiarazione attraverso l’Archivio istituzionale ad accesso aperto “EPRINTS.unife.it” oltre che attraverso i Cataloghi delle Biblioteche Nazionali Centrali di Roma e Firenze. --- DICHIARO SOTTO LA MIA RESPONSABILITA' --- 1) che la copia della tesi depositata presso l’Università di Ferrara in formato cartaceo, è del tutto identica a quelle presentate in formato elettronico (CD-ROM, DVD), a quelle da inviare ai Commissari di esame finale e alla copia che produrrò in seduta d’esame finale. Di conseguenza va esclusa qualsiasi responsabilità dell’Ateneo stesso per quanto riguarda eventuali errori, imprecisioni o omissioni nei contenuti della tesi; -- 2) di prendere atto che la tesi in formato cartaceo è l’unica alla quale farà riferimento l’Università per rilasciare, a mia richiesta, la dichiarazione di conformità di eventuali copie; -- 3) che il contenuto e l’organizzazione della tesi è opera originale da me realizzata e non compromette in alcun modo i diritti di terzi, ivi compresi quelli relativi alla sicurezza dei dati personali; che pertanto l’Università è in ogni caso esente da responsabilità di qualsivoglia natura civile, amministrativa o penale e sarà da me tenuta indenne da qualsiasi richiesta o rivendicazione da parte di terzi; -- 4) che la tesi di dottorato non è il risultato di attività rientranti nella normativa sulla proprietà industriale, non è stata prodotta nell’ambito di progetti finanziati da soggetti pubblici o privati con vincoli alla divulgazione dei risultati, non è oggetto di eventuali registrazioni di tipo brevettale o di tutela. --- PER ACCETAZIONE DI QUANTO SOPRA RIPORTATO Firma Dottorando Ferrara, lì ___________________________ Firma del Dottorando _________________________________ Firma Tutore Visto: Il Tutore Si approva Firma del Tutore ________________________________________ ABSTRACT 1 ABSTRACT (ITALIANO) 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 The definitions of some concepts 8 The Pearl River Delta (the PRD) 8 Urbanization 11 The megalopolis 13 The megalopolis historic settlement 16 The heritage conservation system 18 1.2 Background 24 1.2.1 Historic background 24 1.2.2 Institutional context 25 1.2.3 Theoretical and practical approach 25 1.3 Review of the related study 26 1.3.1 The studies on the Chinese urbanization 26 1.3.2 The studies on the megalopolis 27 1.3.3 The studies on the megalopolis historic settlements 28 1.4 Methodology 30 2 URBANIZATION OF THE MEGALOPOLIS IN THE PRD 33 2.1 Review of the Chinese urbanization history 38 2.2 Urbanization of the megalopolis in the PRD 43 2.2.1 The character of urbanization in the PRD 43 2.2.2 The cross boundary 49 1 3 THE REGIONAL REFORMS IN THE PRD: THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE MEGALOPOLIS HISTORIC SETTLEMENTS 53 3.1 The characters of the reforms in the PRD 54 3.1.1 Chinese reform and the institutional changes 54 3.1.2 The urban-rural dualistic mechanism in the megalopolis 57 3.2 From rural to urban: institutional changes and the evolution of the megalopolis historic settlements 61 3.2.1 Pre-evolvement before 1980 63 3.2.2 From 1980 to 1989 65 3.2.3 From 1990 to 2002 70 3.2.4 From 2003 to 2009 84 4 THE CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE URBAN HISTORIC CONSERVATION AREA 97 4.1 The traditional charaters 98 4.1.1 The clans 98 4.1.2 The traditional spatial patterns 99 4.2 The evolution of the urban elements 102 4.2.1 The water system 102 4.2.2 The road system 107 4.2.3 The public spaces 107 4.2.4 Land use 112 5 CONSERVATION AND INNOVATION IN THE URBAN HISTORIC CONSERVATION AREA 119 5.1 The critical issue of the conservation 120 5.1.1 The influence of social structural transformation 120 5.1.2 The different responses to the megalopolis historic settlements 121 5.1.3 The conservation planning management and the Urban Purple Line 126 2 5.2 Countermeasures in the urban planning system 134 5.2.1 Countermeasures at the level of urban system planning 134 5.2.2 Countermeasures at the level of urban comprehensive planning 138 5.2.3 Countermeasures at the level of living environment planning 142 CONCLUSION 147 BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE 153 APPENDIX 187 Planning and Design Practices 187 The Administrative Structure in China 188 The Planning System in China 189 The Heritage Conservation System (Unmovable Cultural Relics) in China 190 Time Line of Conservation in China 191 The other related laws and regulations 195 3 Abstract The thesis THE ECONOMIC AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE URBANISTIC PROCESS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA: The management system of the Urban Historic Conservation Area in the megalopolis is based on the background of urbanistic development in Southern China in the last 30 years. China experiences reform and open policy since the beginning of 1980, comprehensive urbanization in the 1990s and the great change of the dualistic mechanism after 2000. It is the greatest urbanization process in the history of mankind. In the Pearl River Delta, the most active and developed region of southern China, the continuous urban developed and developing areas constitute the so-called megalopolis, which is transforming its mode of production and lifestyle, changing dramatically its social economic framework, spatial morphology, even individual psychology and collective consciousness. The thesis focuses on the megalopolis historic settlements that locate between the urban centers and the rural area, and include cultural links, commuting patterns and a contiguous regional configuration. But not as a simple continuous corridor, the unequal development and management here creates a massive non-linear continuity. These areas are full of energy and special characters but at the same time contain many uncertainties, complexities, contradictions and problems. Politically and geographically, they turn from villages to cities, economically they turn from agricultural structure to industrial and tertiary structure, sociologically they turn from traditional society to modern society. Through the study of contemporary history, the thesis tries to represent the top-down and bottom-up urban construction activities in the PRD in order to learn lessons for the future urbanization. In the last thirty years, because of the special social economic re-structuring in China, the megalopolis historic settlements become a spatial buffer for the huge gap of urban-rural dualistic mechanism. It decides the long-term co-existence of the megalopolis historic settlements and the consolidated urban built up areas. Many of the megalopolis historic settlements still have the unique characters of 1 the villages on the water and a great number of tangible and intangible heritages. They will be controlled as the Urban Historic Conservation Areas in the current urban planning system. In the meantime, their complexity and symbiotic nature give them a natural advantage to be maintained as an Urban Historic Conservation Area for quite a long time. To explain clearly the change from the megalopolis historic settlements to the Urban Historic Conservation Area, from a theoretical point of view, the thesis analyses the evolution path of the urbanization in the megalopolis historic settlements. It establishes paradigms and inherent institutional framework to reveal the institutional background of the morphological issues generated in the urbanistic process, and emphasizes that the morphological issues are results of repeated games between top-down institutional change and bottom-up morphological transformation. It tries to discuss two important questions in the urban study: y Through narratives of the daily life to describe the urban spatial morphology and social economic context; y Through interpretation of the institutional history to understand the character of the collage urban fabric.
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