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People on the Move People on the Move PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR THE PASTORAL CARE OF MIGRANTS AND ITINERANT PEOPLE PEOPLE ON THE MOVE PEOPLE ON THE MOVE 120 XLIV January - May 2014n. 120 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE XLIV January - May 2014 N. 120 Comitato Direttivo: Antonio Maria Vegliò, Presidente del PCPMI Joseph Kalathiparambil, Segretario del PCPMI Gabriele F. Bentoglio, Sottosegretario del PCPMI tel. 06.69887131 e-mail: [email protected] Comitato Scientifico: Chiara Amirante, Francis-Vincent Antho- ny, Fabio Baggio, Caterina Boca, Analita Candaten, Velasio De Paolis, Barnabe D’Souza, Christopher Hein, Johan Ketelers, Paolo Morozzo della Rocca, Giancarlo Perego, Brigitte Proksch, Andrea Riccardi, Vincenzo Rosato, Mario Santillo, Giovanni Giulio Valtolina, Stefano Zamagni, Laura Zanfrini, Cataldo Zuccaro. Comitato di Redazione: Assunta Bridi, José Brosel, Bruno Ciceri, Francesca Donà, Antonella Farina, Angelo Forte, Matthew Gardzinski, Angelo Greco, Olivera Grgurevic, Teresa Klein, Alessandra Halina Pander, Maria Paola Roncella, Lambert Tonamou, Robinson Wijesinghe. Segreteria tecnica: Massimo Boi, Giancarlo Cirisano. Amm.ne e Ufficio abb.: Abbonamento Annuo 2014 tel. 06.69887131 fax 06.69887111 Ordinario Italia € 45,00 www.pcmigrants.org Estero (via aerea): Europa € 50,00 Resto del mondo: € 60,00 Stampa: Una copia: € 25,00 Litografia Leberit, Via Aurelia 308 - 00165 Roma 1 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Rivista del Pontificio Consiglio della Pastorale per i Migranti e gli Itineranti PubblicazioneM semestrale con due supplementi Breve storia: La Costituzione Apostolica Pastor Bonus di Giovanni Paolo II, del 28 giugno 1988,1 nel contesto del riordino generale della Curia Romana, elevava la Pontificia Commissione “de Pastorali Migratorum atque Itinerantium Cura” al rango di Pontificio Consiglio. La Commissione era stata istituita da Paolo VI, il 19 marzo 1970, con il Motu Proprio Apostolicae Caritatis.2 Quell’organismo ereditava, tra altri, anche i compiti dell’Ufficio Migrazione, stabilito in duplice sezione presso la Segreteria di Stato, nel 1946, e l’Uffi- cio del Delegato per le opere d’emigrazione, creato dalla Costituzione Apostolica Exsul Familia, del primo agosto 1952.3 Questo, a sua volta, aveva preso il posto dell’Ufficio del Prelato per l’emigrazione italiana, costituito con una Notificazione della Concistoriale del 23 Ottobre 1920,4 sotto il pontificato di Benedetto XV. Prima ancora, San Pio X aveva creato presso la Concistoriale l’Ufficio Speciale per l’Emigrazione con il Motu Proprio Cum Omnes Catholicos, del 5 Agosto 1912.5 Ma l’intuizione di istituire un organismo unitario e centrale per l’assistenza ai migranti di ogni nazionalità risale al Beato Vescovo Giovanni Battista Scalabrini. Egli ne espose il progetto a San Pio X in una lettera del 22 luglio 1904 e, più dettagliatamente, in un memoriale del 4 maggio 1905.6 Nell’arco di questa appassionante storia, la Rivista “On the Move. Migrazioni e turismo” uscì con il suo primo numero nel mese di settembre 1971 e mantenne tale tito- lo fino al numero 47. Con il numero 48, edito nel mese di luglio 1987, cambiò formato e veste tipografica e assunse il titolo che ancora porta attualmente, “People on the Move”, con il desiderio di continuare a “provvedere, nelle misure consentite, al bene spirituale della gente che, ad onde incalzanti, si muove sulle strade del mondo”.7 1 AAS LXXX (1988) 841-930. 2 AAS LXII (1970) 193-197. 3 AAS XLIV (1952) 649-704. 4 Notificazione Esistono in Italia, in AAS XII (1920) 534-535. 5 AAS IV (1912) 526-527. 6 Archivio Generale Scalabriniano 3020/1. 7 C. CONFALONIERI, “Introduzione”, On the Move 1 (1971) 2. 2 People on the Move ~ n. 120 3 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE XLIV January - May 2014 N. 120 Introduzione ................................................................................ 5 ARTICLES Da lavoratori ospiti a cittadini: i paradossi irrisolti della vicenda europea .......................................................................... 13 Prof.ssa Laura ZANFRINI L’«operazione Mare Nostrum»: una misura “individuale” . 43 Dott. Giuseppe LICASTRO Accogliere Cristo nei rifugiati e nelle persone forzatamene sradicate. Orientamenti Pastorali ............................................. 49 DOCUMENTATION The Pastoral Care of Human Mobility: Commitment of the Church and of Society ................................................................ 69 Cardinal Antonio Maria VEGLIÒ Intervention of the Holy See at the Global Forum on Migration & Development ......................................................... 83 H. E. Msgr. Joseph KALATHIPARAMBIL Migration, Development and Agriculture from the point of view of the Social Doctrine of the Catholic Church ............... 87 Fr. Gabriele F. BENTOGLIO, C.S. Riflessioni Bibliche: stranieri e pellegrini in un mondo in movimento ................................................................................... 97 P. Gabriele F. BENTOGLIO, C.S. Esclusi e diritti umani: Pastorale per i Migranti e i Rifugiati 117 P. Gabriele F. BENTOGLIO, C.S. “Tendenze attuali nel rinnovamento dei pellegrinaggi” ...... 129 Mons. José Jaime BROSEL GAVILÁ Polish-Speaking Pastoral Care in the Church at the Beginning of the Second Decade of the 21st Century ............ 145 Fr. W. NECEL, SChr 4 People on the Move ~ n. 120 La Pastorale dei Migranti e dei Rifugiati in Europa: una proposta di comunione .............................................................. 155 Vescovi e delegati delle Conferenze Episcopali in Europa Saluto ai Membri del Consiglio Generale del Forum delle Organizzazioni Cristiane per la Pastorale dei Circensi e Fieranti .......................................................................................... 169 Convegno della Chiesa nell’ambito della BIT ......................... 173 International Catholic Committee for the Pastoral Care of Gypsies ......................................................................................... 179 Conferenza internazionale contro il traffico di esseri umani ............................................................................................ 209 Conferenza Episcopale di Inghilterra e Galles I Vescovi di Stati Uniti e Messico sulle conseguenze della migrazione. Famiglie disgregate ............................................... 231 Saluto in occasione del Meeting sul problema della mancanza di documenti d’identità personale dei Rom, provenienti dall’area dell’Ex Jugoslavia .................................. 233 Documento Final - I Congreso de Pastoral de Movilidad Humana ........................................................................................ 235 Attività del Pontificio Consiglio durante il 2013 .................... 243 REVIEWS Lo straniero nel diritto internazionale ..................................... 279 Confessioni di un trafficante di uomini ................................... 281 NordAfrica-Italia: un ponte da costruire ................................. 283 Rom e Sinti. Il genocidio dimenticato ...................................... 291 Gerechtigkeit und Pfingsten ...................................................... 295 Introduzione 5 INTRODUZIONE Il fenomeno delle migrazioni non smette di impressionare per il vasto numero di persone che coinvolge. Oggi si stima che vi siano circa 232 milioni di migranti internazionali, cioè il 3% della popolazione mondiale, in aumento rispetto al 2005, quando il numero raggiungeva i 191 milioni, nonostante gli effetti della crisi mondiale. Oltre ai migranti internazionali, si calcola che il numero di quelli interni si aggiri attorno ai 740 milioni di perso- ne. Sommando le due cifre, risulta che circa un miliardo di esseri umani, cioè un settimo della popolazione globale, sperimenta oggi la sorte migratoria. Nell’elenco dei dieci Paesi da cui parte il maggior numero di migranti internazionali, il Messico è il primo della lista con cir- ca 12.930.000 persone emigrate, seguito dall’India (11.810.000) e dalla Federazione Russa (11.260.000). Cina, Bangladesh e Ucrai- na seguono nella graduatoria, rispettivamente con 8.440.000, 6.480.000 e 6.450.000 persone emigrate. Il settimo posto della classifica è occupato dai territori palestinesi con 5.740.000 mi- granti, tenendo in conto che le statistiche delle Nazioni Unite registrano come migranti non soltanto i profughi Palestinesi, ma anche i loro discendenti. In coda, vi sono il Regno Unito con 5.010.000 persone, le Filippine con 4.630.000 persone e il Pakistan con 4.480.000 persone. Tra i primi dieci Paesi preferiti dai migranti come meta del loro “viaggio della speranza”, il primo posto spetta agli Stati Uniti d’America con 42.810.000 immigrati, seguito dalla Federa- zione Russa (12.270.000), Germania (10.760.000), Arabia Saudita (7.290.000) e Canada (7.200.000). Gli Stati Uniti d’America, dun- que, ospitano più immigrati di Russia, Germania, Arabia Saudita e Canada messi insieme. Gli ultimi posti nell’elenco sono occu- pati da quattro Paesi europei: Francia (6.680.000), Regno Unito (6.450.000), Spagna (6.380.000) e Ucraina (5.260.000), che chiude la lista. L’India compare al nono posto con 5.440.000 immigrati. Sommando queste cifre, i primi dieci Paesi preferiti come desti- 6 People on the Move ~ n. 120 nazione migratoria ospitano circa 110 milioni di migranti, cioè più del 50% del numero totale dei migranti internazionali. Per quanto riguarda, poi, l’immigrazione irregolare, si stima che ne sia coinvolto almeno il 15% della popolazione migrante totale, purtroppo spesso alimentando un “mercato parallelo” di tratta e traffico di esseri umani (trafficking e smuggling), frequen- temente gestito
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