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Invited Feedstock Production and Utilization Feedstock Production Jack Grushcow Jonathan Burbaum and Utilization With steadily increasing demands for renewable, scalable, non-food sources Monday, December 9, 2013 | of high quality feedstocks many 8:30am – 10:00am Corporations, Researcher and Government groups believe that Opportunities for Alternative Camelina can be THE industrial oilseed Feedstock Crops platform – delivering a truly game changing opportunity. The US DOE US Department of Energy and related has invested over $30 million in Investments in Camelina - Creating a camelina research projects, in Europe new industirial oilseed platform for the Framework 7 program has high value renewable feedstock invested 10 million euro in developing production a camelina supply chain and in Canada Moderator: Jack Grushcow, Linnaeus several initiatives over the last five Plant Sciences Inc. years have delivered over $15 million in Camelina crop development and Jonathan Burbaum, U.S. Department research. Camelina is a drought tolerant, non-food oilseed crop that of Energy has the potential to deliver increased revenues to the farmer while at the A sustainable biorefinery of Agave atrovirens in Central Mexico. From same time reducing global CO2 emissions. Camelina can be grown on traditional pulque, to novel a larger area than canola since it has bioproducts. 10 days shorting growing SergioTrejo-Estrada, Instituto requirement, uses 30% less nitrogen Politécnico Nacional and half the water. It is seeded and Evaluation of second generation harvested with the same equipment that growers are accustomed to use in biofuels production from native canola production. Because of this, the halophytes by chemical- crop has the potential to be produced characterization of Salicornia sinus- persica on millions of acres in Canada and the Ayah Alassali, Masdar Institute of northern US states. It can deliver renewable, bio-degradable feedstocks Science and Technology that can substitute for petroleum in a Guayule, An Established Industrial variety of applications including bio- Feedstock For Biorubber and lubricants, hydraulic fluids, greases, Biorefineries rigid foams and polymers; each Jeff Martin, Yulex having value well beyond bio-fuel. The panel will review the latest applied Abstracts research in this rapidly evolving field. Red Text: Invited 1 Jonathan Burbaum, Program Director now ready for commercial of ARPA-E for advanced biotechnology development. Lignocellulose applications for biofuels and the transformation in bioethanol is limited production of biologically-based by the enzyme conversion cost, and chemical feedstocks is responsible for by the unusual concentration of roughly $30 million in camelina fermentation inhibitors from hydrolysis projects. He will discuss the ARPA-E and saccharification of agave biomass program goals and offer an overview by classical thermochemical methods. of key camelina projects. The value added and the unique characteristics of the new bioproducts, Sergio Trejo-Estrada make it economically feasible to scale Agave atrovirens or maguey pulquero up a balanced process of Agave is cultivated in the highlands of central biorefinery, which is contrasting to Mexico. Since prehispanic times, its other agave-based processing facilities rich sap, aguamiel, has been of tequila and mezcal. A projection of transformed into pulque, a mixed agro-ecological restoration of marginal lactic and yeast fermented beverage lands, through sustainable of proven functionality. After decades bioprocessing of Agave atrovirens is of abandonment, a new initiative of presented. Further biotechnological rural producers, government, and benchmarking efforts are needed academic institutions and agribusiness for the achievement of the full entrepreneurs, is building a pilot scale potential of this new biorefining plant for the sustainable integrated technology. transformation of Agave juices and biomass. The dry cool season provides Ayah Alassali, co-author Thomsen, M. for highly concentrated sap, useful for H. its transformation in lactic probiotic Introduction: Abu Dhabi exemplifies a beverages and mild fruity wines, coastal desert, where seawater could through fermentation. During the dry- be used for salt-tolerant crops warm and the rainy seasons, the (halophytes) cultivation. The produced complete biorefining of agave biomass halophyte biomass could be utilized in is achieved. Bioproducts such as feed, food and/or energy production, fructose sweetening syrup; prebiotic depending on its chemical fructooligosaccharides and inulin, are composition. In this study the UAE obtained from the agave juices, native halophyte Salicornia sinus- whereas the agave lignocellulose is persica was studied for its potential to transformed into bioethanol and be used as a feedstock for bioethanol fertilizer vinasses. Due to the ability of production. Fresh Salicornia sinus- Agave atrovirens to grow in eroded perica contains more than 65% of marginal lands, under harsh climate water. For such green biomass direct conditions, its cultivation is enforced fractionation and fermentation can be for soil and agro-ecological advantageous. This allows for water restoration. Several bioproducts are preservation and the ability to run at Red Text: Invited 2 lower dry matter in the fermentation 11.58% (washed) of which step. Chemical characterization and 61.12(unwashed) and 57.37% ethanol potential of the juice and (washed) was ash. Sugar analysis fibers of the fractionated Salicornia revealed relatively low concentration sinus-perica was examined in this of glucose, xylose, and arabinose in study. the juice fractions (7.15 g/L glu, 4.62 g/L xyl, and 2.488 g/L ara in juice of Methodology: Two batches of unwashed biomass and 6.62 g/L glu Salicornia sinus-persica (washed and 3.87 g/L xyl, and 1.86 g/L ara in juice unwashed) were juiced, where two of washed biomass) and not much main fractions were obtained (juice difference was observed between the and fibers). Washing of the fresh washed and unwashed biomass. The biomass aims to reduce or remove the fiber fractions contained 9.77 g/100 g nonstructural ash (salt deposits). Both DM glu, 6.97 g/100 g DM xyl, and fractions were tested for their total dry 8.44 g/100 g DM ara for the matter and ash content and sugar unwashed biomass and 10.25 g/100 g monomer composition (applying acid DM glu 7.79 g/100 g DM xyl, and 8.24 hydrolysis) as described in (Sluiter et g/100 g DM ara for the washed al., 2008a). The extent of glucan-to- biomass. This is comparable to the glucose convertibility was tested for lignocellulose content of the mature the fiber fraction, where it was (dry) plant (Cybulska et al., 2013).We subjected to Simultaneous tested S. cerevisiae on pulp fraction Saccharification and Fermentation from wet separation of Salicornia using 15 FPU/g DM of cellulases sinus-persica pretreated at low (Novozymes), with a pre-hydrolysis sereverity (121C for 30 and 60 time of 2 hours at 50 C with intensive mnutes). Both pretreatment shaking (120 rpm) prior to addition of conditions showed ethanol yields S. cerevisiae at 32C for 7 days. Final between 70-80%, and no significant ethanol yields, sugars and other inhibitory effect was observed in metabolites were analyzed by High pretreated hydrolysates, probably due Performance Liquid Chromatography to the low pre-treatment severity. as described in (Sluiter et al., 2008b). These results show that the green pulp of Salicornia sinus-persica can be pretreated at low severity and the Results: The juice fractions were glucan fraction fermented to ethanol found to represent 67.78% of the by S. cerevisiae. unwashed batch and 74.09% of the washed batch. The wet fiber fraction Jeff Martin of the fresh-unwashed salicornia Guayule is a desert shrub native to biomass was found to contain 38.88% the southwestern US and northern DM, of which 19.18% is ash. Dry Mexico that now serves as one of the matter content of the juices were best feedstock options available for found to be 13.53% (unwashed) and biorefineries after more than 15 years Red Text: Invited 3 of crop science, plant breeding, and Customized by Chromatin, Renewable improvements in cultivation as well as by Nature agronomic practices by Yulex. Some of Moderator: John Fulcher, Chromatin the key milestones achieved to date Inc. with regards to Yulex agricultural program with guayule include 1) Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) as a consistency in phylogenetic traits sustainable energy crop for 2nd optimized for rubber production with generation ethanol in relation to its yields to achieve profitability, 2) refinery “wastes” establishment of the most advanced Enrica Bargiacchi, Consortium INSTM crop breeding program in more than 100 years, 3) crop establishment via Development of an integrated system direct seeding with high germination from cultivation of the cellulosic rates to replace previous costly energy crop Napier grass to approach of transplanting seedlings production of ethanol for biofuel grown in greenhouses, and 4) second Masahiro Samejima, The University of generation harvesting technology that Tokyo dramatically increases yields per acre and hauling efficiency to achieve Turning the Technology Flywheel: maximum highway weight limits per Moving Up the Yield Curve truckload. Steve Bobzin, Ceres, Inc. While Yulex built its business around guayule for rubber production, this Abstracts feedstock offers the greatest potential for biorefineries to offer a wide array John Fulcher of products that come from mutually Chromatin is a vertically integrated complimentary processing
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