Annual Report 1998

PL9901732 INSTYTUT PROBLEMOW J/\DROWYCH im. Andrzeja Soltana The Andrzej Sottan INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 1998 PL-05-400 OTWOCK-SWIERK, POLAND tel.: 048 22 718 05 38 fax: 048 22 779 34 81 e-mail: [email protected] 30-34 Editors: D. .Chmielewska E. Infeld Z. Preibisz P. Zupranski Secretarial work and layout: Z. K^dziorek K. Traczyk Cover design D. Btocki Printed by Zaklad Graficzny Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego ISSN 1232-309 Druk i oprawa: Zaklad Graficzny UW, zam. 249/99 Annual Report 1998 CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION 7 1. MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE 7 2. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL 8 3. DEARTMENTS OF THE INSTITUTE 9 4. SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE INSTITUTE 10 5. VISITING SCIENTISTS 12 6. GRANTS 14 7. SCIENTIFIC DEGREES 18 II. REPORTS ON RESEARCH 19 1. DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS 19 2. DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY AND TECHNIQUE 39 3. DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS 61 4. DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSMETRY 75 5. DEPARTMENT OF PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 83 6. DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 103 7. DEPARTMENT OF COSMIC RADIATION PHYSICS 121 8. DEPARTMENT OF NUCLAR THEORY 131 9. DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION DETECTORS 145 10. DEPARTMENT OF ACCELERATOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 155 11. DEPARTMENT OF TRAINING AND CONSULTING 171 12. ESTABLISHMENT FOR NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT 179 m. OBITUARIES 181 IV AUTHOR INDEX 183 PL9901733 Annual Report 1998 With dwindling means Polish science struggles for survival. To survive means to keep contributing to the world knowledge on a worthy level and to assure the continuation of this process, i.e. to at least reproduce the human and technical resources. We did our part in this struggle during the difficult year 1998 as well as we could. Let the Reader of this Annual Report judge how well did we manage. We have published 237 papers in international journals, 76 of which are jet in press. (207 in journals from the so- called "Philadelphia list", 30 in other recognised journals). These were supplemented with 154 communicates and 27 invited talks presented at various international conferences. Ten members of our staff served on the Advisory Boards to some of these conferences, many have chaired sessions. We have co- organized the "International Workshop on Plasma - Focus Research PF'98" in Kudowa in July 1998. As a contribution to the on- going discussion we have organised a symposium on the perspectives of nuclear physics at our Institute (Ma_dralin, June 1998). Nineteen of our staff members have spent long (above two months) stays in various research centers throughout Europe and the US. A permanent exhibition "Nuclear wastes: problems, solutions" prepared by the Department of Training & Consulting has been opened in the fall. The steady flow of visitors, notably the school youth, brings satisfaction to all of us and shows the need for such activities (cf. § II. 11). The Reports on Research presented below are grouped in ten chapters corresponding to the ten scientific departments of our Institute. Chapters eleven and twelve give reports of activities of the Training Department and of the production unit ZdAJ, correspondingly. Each of these chapters begins with a short overview written by the head of the department; these are followed by short accounts of the work in progress and lists of publications and other output of each of the departments. The samples of these activities presented below are to whet the apetite of the Reader and to encourage Her/Him to read further. The activities of our Institute concentrate on the nuclear physics (low, medium and high energy), the particle physics, the cosmic radiation and the hot plasma physics on one hand and on such domains of the applied research and instrumentation as the accelerator development, the materials science (notably the surface properties), the development of detectors and of specialised, short- series electronics. Therapeutical accelerators and diagnostic devices feature highly on our technical output list. There is a clear shift of interest of our nuclear physics experts towards higher energy accelerator experiments. There is still, however, a worthy output concerning the more traditional low energy nuclear physics. An example to mention is the work on the 6He nucleus with the suggested two- neutron halo structure (cf. § II. 1). Our high energy nuclear and particle physics groups are increasingly involved in preparations for the "next century physics", be it at CERN or elsewhere. The long term projects, such as, e.g., the CMS and ALICE experiments planned for the Large Hadron Collider or COMPASS for the SPS at CERN, require an early technical and instrumental effort of many teams. As a consequence , the instrumental developments feature highly on the priorities of our groups (cf. e.g., § II.6). The two modest and aged nuclear accelerators: the 2MV van de Graaff and the 30 MeV proton cyclotron, serve successfully the solid state related research. Examples: the work on defects in GaAs crystals, one of the most studied material in the recent years because of its technological potential (§ II.1) or the radiation- induced modification of optical properties of various materials (§ II.2). Our plasma physics group continues the work on their discovery of a couple of years ago of the polarisation of X-rays emitted during the PF - type discharges. They gained a new insight to the effect by observing it for discrete X-ray lines. A noteworthy also is their methodical work on the track detectors and their use in plasma research. Annual Report 1998 Our Institute has always had quite a strong nuclear electronics group, developed years ago to partly offset the shortages of ready- made electronics on the Polish market and partly to assist the physics oriented groups. It is satisfying to see how our electronics experts find appreciation of their skills to- day. The work on the front- end electronics for the Euroball system or on the acquisition system for the NA 48 experiment at CERN (cf. § II.3) bear witness to this. One hallmark of our Institute over many years has been the development, construction and implementation of linear electron accelerators for cancer therapy (cf. § 11.10 and 11.12). Last year we have been honoured by the award "Teraz Polska", the prestigious prize for the best industrial product made in Poland and based on Polish technology, for the therapeutical range SACON (cf. § II 12). The latest pride of our detector experts is a very thin Si AE detector (cf. § 11,9) and a tiny (1 mm x lmm ) scintillation probe for dosimetry (cf. § II.4). The Reader of this Report should also not miss the work on the high energy atomic physics (cf. § II. 1 and II.2), on the implantation techniques to modify the surface properties of materials (§11.5 and II.9) and many other "goodies". My somewhat bitter opening phrase can unfortunately be illustrated in number of ways. One such illustration is the steady flow of talented and already accomplished researchers out of science. It is normal when this happens to the fresh Ph.D's., it is not normal when this concerns the tenured staff members who do this against their wish, being forced by the daily needs. The generation gap in the ranks of scientists, which ensues, is clearly worrisome. To end on a more optimistic tone, the weakly seminar of the PhD students shows that there is still enthusiasm for science among our youngest colleagues. Professor Ziemowid Sujkowski Annual Report 1998 I. GENERAL INFORMATION The Institute is a state owned Laboratory. It carries out pure and applied research on subatomic physics, i.e. elementary particle, low and high energy nuclear physics, plasma physics and related fields. The Institute specializes in accelerator physics and technology, material research with nuclear techniques, the development of spectrometric techniques, nuclear electronics and also in applications of nuclear techniques to environmental research, nuclear medicine etc. Apart from the scientific departments, there is a separate production unit operating within the Institute, ZdAJ (the Establishment for Nuclear Equipment). The unit specializes in medical equipment, notably in the production of linear electron accelerators for oncology. The main site of the Institute is Swierk near Otwock, but some of its departments (P-I, P-VI, P-VIII) are located in Warsaw, PL-00-681 Warsaw, 69 Hoza street, and one (P-VII) in the city of Lodz, PL-90-950 Lodz, 5 Uniwersytecka street. 1. MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE Director Professor Ziemowid SUJKOWSKI phone: (22) 718-05-83 e-mail [email protected] Deputy Director, Research and Development Professor Marek MOSZYNSKI phone: (22) 718-05-86 e-mail [email protected] Deputy Director, Economy and Marketing Assoc.Professor Zbigniew WERNER phone: (22) 718-05-56 Scientific Secretary Dr. Danuta CHMIELEWSKA phone: (22) 718-05-85 e-mail [email protected] Annual Report 1998 The Scientific Council was elected on the 23rd of May 1995 by the scientific, technical and administrative staff of the Institute. The Council has the right to confer PhD and habilitation degrees in physics (DSc). Chairman: Professor Ryszard Sosnowski Deputy Chairmen: Professor Slawomir Wycech Dr Tadeusz Kozlowski Professor StanisJaw Kuliriski Representatives of scientific staff: Helena Bialkowska, Assoc.Prof. Adam Nawrot, Eng. Stanisfaw Ge>alski, MSc. Jerzy Piekoszewski, Professor Michal Gryzinski, Assoc.Prof. Stanislaw Pszona, Dr. Marian Jaskota, Professor Marek Sadowski, Professor Roscislaw Kaczarowski, Assoc.Prof. Adam Sobiczewski, Professor Jerzy Langner, Dr. Ziemowid Sujkowski, Professor Leszek Lukaszuk, Professor Andrzej Turos, Professor Stanisfaw Mrowczyriski, Assoc.Prof. Zbigniew Werner, Assoc.Prof. Michal: Nadachowski, Assoc.Prof. Slawomir Wycech, Professor Representatives of technical personnel: Jerzy Bigolas, Eng. Genowefa Fajkowska, Eng. Edward Fronczak, technician Andrzej Hilger, MSc. Danuta Jastrzeteka, economist Jan Kopec, Eng. Jacek Pracz, MSc. Jacek Stanislawski, MSc. Iwona Zawrocka, MSc.

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