DOCSLIB.ORG

Scaling up Nutrition in the Arab Republic of Egypt Investing in a Healthy Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scaling up Nutrition in the Arab Republic of Egypt Investing in a Healthy Future Scaling Up Nutrition in the Arab Republic of Egypt Investing in a Healthy Future Christopher H. Herbst, Amr Elshalakani, Jakub Kakietek, Alia Hafiz, and Oliver Petrovic, Editors INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS Scaling Up Nutrition in the Arab Republic of Egypt Investing in a Healthy Future CHRISTOPHER H. HERBST, AMR ELSHALAKANI, JAKUB KAKIETEK, ALIA HAFIZ, AND OLIVER PETROVIC, EDITORS © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 22 21 20 19 Books in this series are published to communicate the results of Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Herbst, Christopher H., Amr Elshalakani, Jakub Kakietek, Alia Hafiz, and Oliver Petrovic, eds. 2020. Scaling Up Nutrition in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Investing in a Healthy Future. International Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596 / 978-1-4648-1467-9 License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an offi- cial World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content con- tained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party- owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: [email protected]. ISBN: 978-1-4648-1467-9 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1467-9 Cover photo: © UNICEF/Egypt 2013/Yousry Aql. Used with permission; further permission required for reuse. Cover design: Debra Naylor / Naylor Design Inc. Contents Foreword by Rekha Menon ix Foreword by Bruno Maes xi Acknowledgments xiii Executive Summary xv Abbreviations xxv Background 1 Study objective and rationale 2 Methods and analytical approach 2 Structure of the report 3 References 3 CHAPTER 1 Undernutrition of Children Under 5 and Women of Reproductive Age in Egypt 5 Jonathan Kweku Akuoku Key messages 5 Introduction 5 Methodology 6 Undernutrition of children 0–59 months of age 8 Conclusions 23 Notes 25 References 26 CHAPTER 2 Overnutrition of Children Under 5 and Women of Reproductive Age in Egypt 29 Frank Hu and Yanping Li Key messages 29 Introduction 29 Childhood overweight and obesity 30 Double burden of stunting and overweight 36 Overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age 40 Conclusions 52 References 53 CHAPTER 3 Undernutrition Interventions in Egypt: Status, Gaps, and Opportunities 57 Fayrouz Sakr-Ashour, Bjorn Ljungqvist, and Matthew Robinson Key messages 57 Introduction 58 iii iv | SCALING UP NUTRITION IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Nutrition-specific interventions 59 Nutrition-sensitive interventions 75 Recommendations: Potential high-impact nutrition policy and program options to consider for Egypt 88 Approaches to scaling up the identified interventions 92 Elements critical to scale-up success 94 Notes 95 References 95 CHAPTER 4 Cost-Effectiveness of Potential Scale-Up Scenarios in Egypt 101 Davide de Beni Key messages 101 Introduction 101 Methodology 102 Findings 108 Conclusions 124 Notes 125 References 125 CHAPTER 5 Fiscal Space to Scale Up Nutrition in Egypt 129 Helen C. Connolly Key messages 129 Estimating the current level of spending on nutrition in Egypt 130 Identifying fiscal space for nutrition: The five pillars 135 Summary of fiscal space 141 Notes 143 References 143 APPENDIX A Statistical Methods Applied to Analysis of the Determinants of Malnutrition among Egyptian Children 145 APPENDIX B Distribution of Sample by Key Characteristics and Regression Analysis Results 149 Glossary 155 Boxes 1.1 Evidence of and recommendations on the increased nutritional needs of children 7 3.1 Why 1,000 days? 59 3.2 Common challenges in micronutrient supplementation programs in Egypt 67 Figures 1.1 UNICEF conceptual framework for the determinants of malnutrition 6 1.2 Prevalence of stunting among children under 5: Middle East and North Africa economies, various years 9 1.3 Trends in stunting prevalence among children under 5: Middle East and North Africa economies, 1990–2016 10 1.4 Trends in stunting prevalence across regions: Egypt, 1992–2014 10 1.5 Trends in stunting prevalence across wealth quintiles: Egypt, 1995–2014 11 1.6 Trends in stunting prevalence across urban and rural areas: Egypt, 1992–2014 11 1.7 Trends in stunting prevalence by child’s sex: Egypt, 1992–2014 12 1.8 Breastfeeding practices, complementary feeding practices, and incidence of disease among children 0–23 months of age: Egypt 13 1.9 Adjusted odds ratio for significant determinants of stunting among rural Egyptian children 0–23 months of age 15 Contents | v 1.10 Adjusted odds ratio for significant determinants of stunting among urban Egyptian children 0–23 months of age 16 1.11 Prevalence of wasting among children under 5: Middle East and North Africa economies, various years 17 1.12 Trends in wasting prevalence: Middle East and North Africa economies, 1990–2014 18 1.13 Trends in wasting prevalence across regions: Egypt, 1992–2014 18 1.14 Trends in wasting prevalence across wealth quintiles: Egypt, 1995–2014 19 1.15 Trends in wasting prevalence across urban and rural areas: Egypt, 1992–2014 19 1.16 Trends in wasting prevalence by child’s sex: Egypt, 1992–2014 19 1.17 Trends in anemia among children 6–59 months of age: Egypt, 2000, 2005, 2014 21 2.1 Prevalence of overweight among children under 5: Middle East and North Africa economies, various years 30 2.2 Trends in prevalence of childhood overweight: Middle East and North Africa economies, various years 31 2.3 Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children: Egypt, 2014 31 2.4 Time trend of overweight among infants and children by sex: Egypt, 1992–2014 32 2.5 Time trend of overweight among infants and children across urban and rural areas: Egypt, 1992–2014 32 2.6 Prevalence of overweight children by wealth index and region: Egypt, 2014 33 2.7 Prevalence of overweight children by birthweight, family size, mother’s obesity level, and mother’s education level: Egypt, 2014 34 2.8 Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for overweight among children under 5: Egypt, 2014 35 2.9 Prevalence of overweight and stunting among children under 5: Egypt, 2014 36 2.10 Prevalence of overweight with and without stunting: Egypt, 1992–2014 37 2.11 Odds ratio for overweight (including obesity) with or without stunting: Egypt, 2014 38 2.12 Prevalence of overweight with and without stunting according to the number of food groups children 6–23 months of age living with their mother were fed in last 24 hours: Egypt, 2014 40 2.13 Trends in overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age: Egypt, 2000–2014 41 2.14 Prevalence of obesity among women in Middle East and North Africa countries, 2014 42 2.15 Prevalence of overweight and obesity across women 15–49 years of age: Egypt, 2014 43 2.16 Overweight and obesity prevalence among women in rural and urban areas: Egypt, 2014 43 2.17 Prevalence of obesity across sociodemographic factors: Egypt, 2014 44 2.18 Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for obesity among women 15–49 years of age: Egypt, 2014 45 2.19 Interactions between
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Egypt Presidential Election Observation Report
    EGYPT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT JULY 2014 This publication was produced by Democracy International, Inc., for the United States Agency for International Development through Cooperative Agreement No. 3263-A- 13-00002. Photographs in this report were taken by DI while conducting the mission. Democracy International, Inc. 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1010 Bethesda, MD 20814 Tel: +1.301.961.1660 www.democracyinternational.com EGYPT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT July 2014 Disclaimer This publication is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Democracy International, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................ 4 MAP OF EGYPT .......................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................. II DELEGATION MEMBERS ......................................... V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................... X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 6 ABOUT DI .......................................................... 6 ABOUT THE MISSION ....................................... 7 METHODOLOGY .............................................. 8 BACKGROUND ........................................................ 10 TUMULT
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Newsletter - Issue 5 - May 2020 Tourism and Antiquities Faces the "Coronavirus" H.E
    Ministry of Tourism and Issue: 5 May Antiquities Newsletter 2020 Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities 78 Hotels in Egypt Receive the Hygiene Safety Certificate In May, 78 hotels in various governorates of Egypt, including the Red Sea, South Sinai, Alexandria, Suez, Greater Cairo, and Matrouh, received the Hygiene Safety Certificate, approved by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, the Ministry of Health and Population, and the Egyptian Hotel Association. This ensures that they fulfil all health and safety regulations required by the Egyptian Cabinet according to World Health Organization guidelines. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has approved a Hygiene Safety Sign, that must be visible in all hotels as a prerequisite for them to receive guests. This sign shows the sun, characteristic of Egypt’s warm weather and its open-air spaces, encompassing three hieroglyphs "Ankh, Udja, Seneb" meaning Life, Prosperity and Health. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has formed operations centres in its offices in tourist governorates to inspect hotels that acquired the Hygiene Safety Certificate, to ensure their continued commitment and application of the regulations. The Ministry also formed joint committees to inspect hotels in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Population, the Egyptian Hotel Association, and representatives from the concerned governorates. In the same context, the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities posted a video in both Arabic and English, highlighting the most important information about the Health and Safety regulations. Former Minister of Antiquities, Dr. Zahi Hawass posted a video to the world explaining the Hygiene Safety Sign that must be available in all hotels.
    [Show full text]
  • MCHIP Egypt – SMART End-Of-Project Report October 2011–June 2014
    MCHIP Egypt – SMART End-of-Project Report October 2011–June 2014 End-of-Project Report Submitted on: August 2014 Submitted to: United States Agency for International Development under Co-operative Agreement # GHS-A-00-08-00002-00 Submitted by: MCHIP Egypt – SMART Program The Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) is the USAID Bureau for Global Health’s flagship maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) program. MCHIP supports programming in maternal, newborn and child health, immunization, family planning, malaria, nutrition, and HIV/AIDS, and strongly encourages opportunities for integration. Cross-cutting technical areas include water, sanitation, hygiene, urban health, and health systems strengthening. This report was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of the Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement GHS-A-00-08-00002-00. The contents are the responsibility of the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Country Summary: Egypt Selected Health and Demographic Data for Egypt Maternal mortality ratio* 54/100,000 Neonatal mortality rate 16/1,000 Infant mortality rate 25/1,000 Under-five mortality rate 28/1,000 Contraceptive prevalence rate 60% ≥1 ANC visit 74% Exclusive breastfeeding for children under six 53% months Under-five chronic malnutrition 29% (stunting) Severe acute malnutrition 7% Source: EDHS 2008 Major Activities by Program . Providing community-based maternal, newborn and child health, nutrition, and family planning services through local community development associations (CDAs) and community health workers (CHWs) .
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Fitness and Health Status of Sport Students in Germany and Egypt (A Comparative Study)
    Physical fitness and health status of sport students in Germany and Egypt (A Comparative Study) Doctoral Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences of the Technische Universität Chemnitz to obtain the academic degree of Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) by M.Sc. Tamer Mohamed Gamal Supervisor: Prof. Dr. med. Henry Schulz ii List of contents: i. List of Abbreviations ii. List of Figures iii. List of Tables 1. Introduction.................................................................................1 2. Literature Review _________________________________________ 5 2.1 Physical activity __________________________________________ 5 2.1.2 Youth and physical activity statistics ________________________ 6 2.1.3 Physical activity epidemiology _____________________________ 7 2.1.4 The epidemiology relevance of physical activity ________________ 8 2.1.5 Physical activity and health ______________________________ 10 2.2 Physical inactivity: computer and TV habits ___________________ 14 2.2.1 Health effects of physical inactivity and using media ___________ 17 2.3 Health status ___________________________________________ 20 2.3.1 Health status batteries, index and instrument ________________ 20 2.3.2 Health status of adolescents and young adults _______________ 21 2.3.3 Health behaviour ______________________________________ 22 2.4 Health complaints _______________________________________ 23 2.5 Public health and physical education _________________________ 25 2.6 The physiology of stress __________________________________ 26 2.6.1 The affects of stress on general health _____________________ 26 2.8 Nutrition ______________________________________________ 28 2.8.1 Importance of eating fruits and vegetables __________________ 30 2.9 Health reports __________________________________________ 33 2.9.1 Egyptian health report for adults for some diseases ___________ 33 2.9.2 German health report for adults in some diseases _____________ 35 3.
    [Show full text]
  • White Paper: Framing National Health Policy Executive Summary
    White Paper: Framing National Health Policy Executive Summary Introduction This White Paper is a “think piece” based on on‐going inclusive consultations and seeking to frame the discussion to support the development of people centered national health policies, strategies and plans. It is not intended to be a draft or a section of any policy, strategy or plan. This White Paper aims at framing the national health policy development by focusing on values/principles, objectives and strategic directions for improving the health of the population and reducing inequalities in health. This paper draws its inspiration and remit from the newly approved Constitution of Egypt. The Constitution explicitly places health high on the national agenda. Article 18 of the Constitution underlines the importance of the right to health and of access to quality health services. It explicitly mandates that government health expenditure be increased to at least 3% of gross domestic product, nearly doubling current health spending. Since the late nineties, Egypt has initiated a comprehensive health sector reform programme that builds on the substantial progress made in previous years. The programme was built to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of the existing health system, as well as, the social, economic, institutional, and political realities facing the country at the time. Since that time, unfortunately most reform initiatives and endeavors have not consistently addressed the same vision, principles or strategies. Although there has been political commitment for reform, this has not been sustainable, nor has it been accompanied by sufficient resources and directives to achieve the intended health sector development.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Ethics in Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate Archive of SID
    Archive of SID ORIGINAL ARTICLE Medical Ethics in Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate 61 Abstract Masoumeh Dehghan1 Medical ethics is one of the oldest and most important branches of ap- 1-Faculty Member of Department of His- plied ethics. Development of medicine and revolutions in human life as tory, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran well as advancement of mental and physical health in human civiliza- Correspondence: tions have led to great progress of ethical debates in this field of human Masoumeh Dehghan Department of History, College of Lit- sciences. Islamic civilization, as one of the dynamic and lasting human erature and Humanities, University of civilizations which promises Islamic spirituality in all aspects of mate- Shiraz, Eram Sq., Shiraz, Iran rial life, could not possibly ignore medical ethics or an ethical approach [email protected] to personal and public hygiene along with social health. In Islamic civilization, medical ethics is derived from Quran, Prophet Muhammad and Imam Ali’s (PBUT) traditions. Ethics in medical profession can be classified under various branches, and its instances can be traced in dif- ferent civilizations. Healthcare and hygiene comprise a vast collection of ethical topics, in which the issues of medical ethics, nursing ethics, pharmaceutical ethics and ethical issues related to medical and social work centers are considered as its subcategories. In fact, medical ethics is concerned with issues related to the physician, his relationship with the patient and his close relatives, physician’s interactions with other physicians, conditions and characteristics of the hospitals, monitoring medical centers and authorities in the field of healthcare, etc. This article seeks to study medical ethics in the Fatimid civilization which ruling Egypt from 358 to 567 A.H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Arab Conquest on Late Roman Settlementin Egypt
    Pýý.ý577 THE IMPACT OF THE ARAB CONQUEST ON LATE ROMAN SETTLEMENTIN EGYPT VOLUME I: TEXT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CAMBRIDGE This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Cambridge, March 2002 ALISON GASCOIGNE DARWIN COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE For my parents with love and thanks Abstract The Impact of the Arab Conquest on Late Roman Settlement in Egypt Alison Gascoigne, Darwin College The Arab conquest of Egypt in 642 AD affected the development of Egyptian towns in various ways. The actual military struggle, the subsequent settling of Arab tribes and changes in administration are discussed in chapter 1, with reference to specific sites and using local archaeological sequences. Chapter 2 assesseswhether our understanding of the archaeological record of the seventh century is detailed enough to allow the accurate dating of settlement changes. The site of Zawyet al-Sultan in Middle Egypt was apparently abandoned and partly burned around the time of the Arab conquest. Analysis of surface remains at this site confirmed the difficulty of accurately dating this event on the basis of current information. Chapters3 and 4 analysethe effect of two mechanismsof Arab colonisation on Egyptian towns. First, an investigation of the occupationby soldiers of threatened frontier towns (ribats) is based on the site of Tinnis. Examination of the archaeological remains indicates a significant expansion of Tinnis in the eighth and ninth centuries, which is confirmed by references in the historical sources to building programmes funded by the central government. Second, the practice of murtaba ` al- jund, the seasonal exploitation of the town and its hinterland for the grazing of animals by specific tribal groups is examined with reference to Kharibta in the western Delta.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt's Future Depends on Agriculture and Wisdom
    EGYPT’S FUTURE DEPENDS ON AGRICULTURE AND WISDOM Lowell N. Lewis “Whoever does not command the means to feed himself can neither feel freedom nor dignity” Mohamed Hosni Mubarak.” 2 Dedication To: My wife, Montserrat Trueta, For her patience and support, her editorial help and her interest in Egypt To: My children, Beth, Brad and Nancy for their personal support and their interest in my interests. To: My friends and colleagues in Egypt whose patience with an American created my fascination for their country. To: My colleagues at the University of California who encouraged me. 3 CONTENTS Preface 10 A Note of Recognition 11 World Opinion Recognizes Agriculture 13 Summary of Text 21 About the Author 328 PART ONE 46 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN EGYPT CHAPTER 1 – Agriculture and Horticulture in Ancient Egypt Irrigation and Soil Management Crop and Livestock Production Economics and Wealth Energy, Warfare & Trade Routes CHAPTER 2 –The Period of Muhammad Ali 4 The Founder of Modern Egypt Industrialization and Modernization Muhammad Ali’s Successors The Suez Canal The American Civil War Helped PART TWO 64 EGYPT TODAY Chapter 3--Structure and Economy Constitution, Institutions and Administration International Relations and Defense Job Creation, Paramount Challenge for Egypt Education Natural Resources & Environment Energy Provision Transportation, Communication and the Internet The Economy Egypt and the Millennium Development Goals Chapter 4--The Nile River Nile River Basin Statistics The History of the Nile Conflicts and Treaties Continuing Tensions
    [Show full text]
  • The Egyptian Health System's Response to Refugees And
    The Egyptian Health System’s Response to Refugees and Migrants in Post- Revolutionary Egypt Yasmine Kergoat Egypt/France Master in International Health 10th September 2012 – 16th September 2013 Royal Tropical Institute Development, Policy and Practice Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands 16th September 2013 Number of words: 12,941 The Egyptian Health System’s Response to Refugees and Migrants in Post-Revolutionary Egypt A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master in International Health by Yasmine Kergoat Egypt/France Declaration: Where other people’s work has been used (either from a printed source, internet or any other source) this has been carefully acknowledged and referenced in accordance with departmental requirements. The thesis The Egyptian Health System’s Response to Refugees and Migrants in Post-Revolutionary Egypt is my own work. Signature: Master in International Health (MIH) 10th September 2012 – 16th September 2013 KIT (Royal Tropical Institute)/ Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands September 2013 Organised by: KIT (Royal Tropical Institute), Development Policy & Practice Amsterdam, The Netherlands In co-operation with: Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/ Free University of Amsterdam (VU) Amsterdam, The Netherlands i Dedication: I dedicate this thesis to my refugee clients who by opening up to me, have opened up a new realm for me, showing me a different reality than the one I “imagined”. I pray to God that He will alleviate the pain and suffering of the millions of refugees and displaced persons world-wide and that they will, one day, reach a safe haven. May God grant them safety, security, dignity and health.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt Health Issues Survey 2015 [FR313]
    Egypt 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey 2015 Health Issues Survey EGYPT HEALTH ISSUES SURVEY 2015 Ministry of Health and Population Cairo, Egypt El-Zanaty and Associates Cairo, Egypt The DHS Program ICF International Rockville, Maryland, USA October 2015 Ministry of Health and Population El-Zanaty and Associates The 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey (EHIS) was conducted on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Population by El-Zanaty and Associates. The 2015 EHIS is part of The DHS Program which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). USAID/Egypt was the main contributor of funding for the survey. Support for the survey also was provided by UNICEF and UNFPA. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, UNICEF or UNFPA. Additional information about the 2015 EHIS may be obtained from the Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles El Shaab Street, Cairo, Egypt; Telephone: 20-2-27948555 and Fax: 20-2-27924156. Information about DHS surveys may be obtained from The DHS Program, ICF International, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850 USA; Telephone: 1-301-407-6500, Fax: 1-301-407-6501, E-mail: [email protected], and Internet: www.DHSprogram.com. Recommended citation: Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt], El-Zanaty and Associates [Egypt], and ICF International. 2015. Egypt Health Issues Survey 2015. Cairo, Egypt and Rockville, Maryland, USA: Ministry of Health and Population and ICF International. CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Shift: Understanding Change in the Middle East
    Seismic Shift: Understanding Change in the Middle East Project Director Ellen Laipson Contributing Authors Richard Cincotta James C. Clad F. Gregory Gause, III Robert Grenier Andrew Houk Andrew Marshall David Michel Courtney C. Radsch Corey Sobel Mona Yacoubian May 2011 Seismic Shift: Understanding Change in the Middle East Project Director Ellen Laipson Contributing Authors Richard Cincotta James C. Clad F. Gregory Gause, III Robert Grenier Andrew Houk Andrew Marshall David Michel Courtney C. Radsch Corey Sobel Mona Yacoubian May 2011 Copyright © 2011 The Henry L. Stimson Center ISBN: 978-0-9845211-8-0 Cover and book design by Shawn Woodley and Lacey Rainwater All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from the Stimson Center. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street, NW, 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 Telephone: 202.223.5956 Fax: 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................v Timeline of Events ............................................................................................................. vi Understanding Change in the Middle East: An Overview ............................................1 Ellen Laipson Sector Reports Academic and International Organizations The Middle East Academic Community and the “Winter of Arab Discontent”: Why Did We Miss It? ...............................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Consequences of Climate Change in Egypt
    Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment Vol. 1(5), pp191-195, November, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jene ISSN 2006- 9847 © 2009 Academic Journals Review Paper Environment in Jeopardy: Consequences of climate change in Egypt Mohamed Saber Emeritus Professor, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Chair IGBP and SCOPE Egyptian National Committee, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted 16 October, 2009 Egypt is at risk to the possessions of global warming and potentially facing "catastrophic" consequences in sea level rise (SLR), water scarcity, agriculture and food insufficiency, loss of biodiversity and habitats and new pressures on human health and national economy. To confront these adverse impacts, the Prime Minister re-established in 2007 a National Climate Change Committee consists of scientists and experts from different ministries and relevant bodies responsible to manage climate in Egypt and to set a strategy to adapt to potential global changes. Key words: Environment, sea level rise, water scarcity, agriculture and food insufficiency, biodiversity and human health INTRODUCTION In 2009 the World Bank described Egypt as particularly water resources (e.g. Nile and Euphrates) and leads to vulnerable to the effects of global warming, potentially political unrest and increases in temperature and facing "catastrophic" consequences. Egypt is the fifteenth humidity increase deterioration rate of Egyptian most populated country in the world and particularly archaeological treasures which are considered among susceptible to negative environmental consequences of the most important world-wide. human-induced climate change that would worsen prevalent problems (El-Shahawi, 2004). Projected conse- VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE quences consist of sea level rise (SLR), water scarcity, agriculture and food insufficiency, loss of biodiversity and Sea Level Rise (SLR) habitats and new pressures on human health and national economy.
    [Show full text]