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8. Lo Studio Della Giurisprudenza Negli Stati Uniti
8. Lo studio della Giurisprudenza negli Stati Uniti Programmi di specializzazione post-laurea (Advanced Legal Degrees) Uno degli aspetti peculiari della formazione in giurisprudenza negli States e’ che questa materia si studia solo a livellograduate. Per frequentare un corso di legge negli States uno studente deve gia’essere in possesso di un titolo di laurea di primo livello. I diplomi di laurea in giurisprudenza piu’ comuni negli States sono il Juris Doctor (JD) degree e il Master’s degree in Law(LLM). Il JD e’ il diploma che prelude all’esercizio della professione legale negli Stati Uniti e per questo e’ focalizzato soprattutto sul diritto americano (n.b. Per esercitare la professione legale negli States bisogna prima passare il bar exam e comunque essere in possesso di un visto che autorizzi il lavoro negli States).L’ LLM e’ invece un tipo di diploma che viene generalmente conseguito da chi ha gia’ una formazione legale e vuole specializzarsi in un ramo particolare del diritto come ad esempio International law, comparative law, taxation. A livello di dottorato i due diplomi piu’ importanti sono quelli di Doctor of Jiuridical Science (JSD) e di Doctor of Comparative Law Studies (DCL) che preludono per lo piu’ ad una carriera accademica in senso stretto. Riprendere dal punto: presso alcune law schools sono offerti LLM specifici per etc… Svariate università americane presso le law school conferiscono titoli di studio a livello graduate: Master of Laws (LLM) il più comune, il Master of Comparative Law (MCL), programma di specializzazione in Diritto Comparato. Solo alcune law schoolconsentono di conseguire il massimo titolo di specializzazione in giurisprudenza, il Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD). -
About the Contributors
343 About the Contributors Cassandra Sligh Conway is a Professor at a rural HBCU. Dr. Sligh Conway is an avid grant writer. In the past, she has been awarded over 1.5 million dollars in grant funds. Currently, she serves on grants related to mentoring students. Her research interests are distance education, working and providing services to persons with disabilities, mentoring faculty and students, digital education, and human resources. * * * Rashad Anderson is an Assistant Professor of Teacher Education SC State University; Campus Director of the Call Me MISTER Program and Lead Advisor for the 101 Black Men Society. Anthony Andrews is a Licensed Professional Counselor and has his own private practice, located in Charlotte, NC. Anthony is a North Carolina A&T alum who graduated with his MS in Rehabilitation Counseling in 2014. He is currently back at North Carolina A&T in his second year as a Doctorate Student in the “Rehabilitation Counseling & Counselor Education” program. Anthony is an Adlerian Therapist who focuses on assisting his clients with battling their own inferior feelings and finding meaning in life. Anthony has strong research interest in mentorship, specifically in young African American Males. He has spent a copious amount of time studying and researching methods of building mentoring programs in North Carolina. An- thony believes that mentorship is essential to success. Anthony plans on receiving his Ph.D. in 2019 and continuing to provide outpatient counseling along with the integration of supervision and teaching. Quintin Boston is currently an Associate Professor and Program Coordinator of the M.S. Rehabilitation Counseling program at North Carolina A & T in the Depart- ment of Counseling. -
PATHWAYS to Phd and Other Doctoral Degrees
You are eligible for admission to a Doctoral Degree if you have one of the following qualifications with at least 40CP (or equivalent) research component, having achieved specific Thesis and GPA requirements: • Bachelor Honours Degree (AQF Level 8) • Masters Degree, Coursework, Research, Extended (AQF Level 9). • Graduate Diploma of Research Studies – each Academic Group at Griffith has discipline specific qualifications If you do not have one of the qualifications listed above which includes the required minimum research component, based on your highest qualification achieved you will be eligible for admission to a Doctoral degree by undertaking further study as follows, provided you achieve specific Thesis and GPA requirements: Having successfully completed one of the following awards: • Bachelor Degree (AQF Level 7) • Graduate Certificate / Graduate Diploma (AQF Level 8) that does not contain at least 40CP research component • Masters Degree (Coursework - AQF Level 9) that does not contain at least 40CP research component Bachelor Honours Complete one of the following awards to be eligible for admission to a Doctoral Degree: (AQF 8) (1 Year) • Bachelor Honours degree (1 year, 80CP) with Class I or IIA • Postgraduate coursework or research program with at least 40CP or equivalent research component. Click here for a complete list of approved programs at Griffith University which provide this pathway to PhD. PATHWAYS to PhD and other Doctoral Degrees Bachelor Honours (AQF 8) (4+Years) with Class I or IIA Bachelor Honours Masters Research -
Master of Laws
APPLYING FOR & FINANCING YOUR LLM MASTER OF LAWS APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS APPLICATION CHECKLIST Admission to the LLM program is highly For applications to be considered, they must include the following: competitive. To be admitted to the program, ALL APPLICANTS INTERNATIONAL APPLICANTS applicants must possess the following: • Application & Application Fee – apply • Applicants with Foreign Credentials - For electronically via LLM.LSAC.ORG, and pay applicants whose native language is not • A Juris Doctor (JD) degree from an ABA-accredited non-refundable application fee of $75 English and who do not posses a degree from law school or an equivalent degree (a Bachelor of Laws • Official Transcripts: all undergraduate and a college or university whose primary language or LL.B.) from a law school outside the United States. graduate level degrees of instruction is English, current TOEFL or IELTS • Official Law School or Equivalent Transcripts scores showing sufficient proficiency in the • For non-lawyers interested in the LLM in Intellectual • For non-lawyer IP professionals: proof of English language is required. The George Mason Property (IP) Law: a Bachelor’s degree and a Master’s minimum of four years professional experience University Scalia Law School Institution code degree in another field, accompanied by a minimum in an IP-related field is 5827. of four years work experience in IP may be accepted in • 500-Word Statement of Purpose • TOEFL: Minimum of 90 in the iBT test lieu of a law degree. IP trainees and Patent Examiners • Resume (100 or above highly preferred) OR (including Bengoshi) with four or more years of • Letters of Recommendation (2 required) • IELTS: Minimum of 6.5 (7.5 or above experience in IP are welcome to apply. -
The Impact of the Bologna Declaration on Engineering Education in Europe
The Impact of the Bologna Declaration on Engineering Education in Europe - the Result of a Survey Among SEFI National Representatives and Other Members (As of June 15, 2004) 1. Has the system of Engineering Education in your country changed as a consequence of the Declaration or are such reforms being planned? In particular, has it been decided to introduce a two-cycle system (a "Bachelor/Master system") in Engineering? Austria The University Act 2002 opened the possibility to introduce Bachelor/Master for existing programmes. New curricula have to introduce Ba/Ma. Belgium Yes Dutchspeaking Belgium Yes, the Ministry of Education has introduced a new law in March 2004. Frenchspeaking Czech republic Yes, by decision of the Ministry of Education. Only a few exceptions are tolerated. Denmark Yes the Ministry of Education is changing the system – though with a lot of problems and double solutions between the old and the new system In the past we had a 3½-4½ year program and a 5 year program. Now we do have a 3½-4½ year program (diplomingeniør = professionsbachelor ) and a 3 +2 program (bachelor and master (civilingeniør)) Estonia Yes. Though, in Civil Engineering and Architecture, there are integrated 5-year programmes; the graduates get either Master degree or a Diploma that is officially recognised as a Master level document. Finland Reforms are under way. From autumn 2005 there will be in all university and "Fachhochschule" systems a two-tier system. Of course some areas have exceptions like medical faculty. France Formally, no. As a consequence of the Declaration a higher education reform (decrees published in April 2002) has changed the French University scheme of studies with the introduction of the “LMD” structure (Licence-Master-Doctorat, corresponding to 3-5-8 years of study). -
Postgraduate Education in Europe Harmonising with a Dissonance?
Sakari Ahola & Osmo Kivinen Postgraduate Education in Europe Harmonising with a dissonance? This presentation deals with the emerging European postgraduate policies and their larger EU-dimensions which have motivated the establishing of a co-operative network (PG-NET) of eight European countries. The focus is on the harmonisation of the European higher education scene, especially from the Finnish point of view. The ongoing Bologna process can be seen as an expression of the will to create a common higher education market in Europe in order to promote the free mobility of students and the labour force. In this respect the speculation taken furthest is that already in the near future the effort to maintain the distinction between universities and polytechnics will be given up. In this way Europe will probably follow in the footsteps of the US, and gradually move towards a three-phase model of higher education with abroad access and initial three-year programmes leading to the bachelor’s degree that provides advanced training but that are not closely linked with the world of academic research. In the next phase a smaller part will advance through selective procedures to the master’s level on which studies are also more closely connected with scientific work. Only at the post-master’s level leading to a doctorate will the humboldtian ideal of the integrated nexus of teaching, research and learning be attained. It is argued in the paper that this kind of a two (or three) tier structure would be suitable especially from the perspective of the European Graduate School model and beneficial also to the functioning of the Finnish higher education system with its special problem points. -
Joint Public Health and Law Programs
JOINT PUBLIC HEALTH AND LAW tuition rate and fees are charged for semesters when no Law School courses are taken, including summer sessions. PROGRAMS Visit the Hirsh Program website (http://publichealth.gwu.edu/ Program Contact: J. Teitelbaum programs/joint-jdllm-mphcertificate/) for additional information. The Milken Institute of School of Public Health (SPH), through its Hirsh Health Law and Policy Program, cooperates with the REQUIREMENTS Law School to offer public health and law students multiple programs that foster an interdisciplinary approach to the study MPH requirements in the joint degree programs of health policy, health law, public health, and health care. The course of study for the standalone MPH degree, in one of Available joint programs include the master of public health several focus areas, (http://publichealth.gwu.edu/node/766/) (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/#graduatetext) (MPH) consists of 45 credits, including a supervised practicum. In the and juris doctor (https://www.law.gwu.edu/juris-doctor/) (JD); dual degree programs with the Law School, the Milken Institute MPH and master of laws (https://www.law.gwu.edu/master- School of Public Health (GWSPH) accepts 8 Law School credits of-laws/) (LLM); and JD or LLM and SPH certificate in various toward completion of the MPH degree. Therefore, Juris doctor subject areas. LLM students may be enrolled in either the (JD) and master of laws (LLM) students in the dual program general or environmental law program at the Law School. complete only 37 credits of coursework through GWSPH to obtain an MPH degree. Application of credits between programs Depending upon the focus area in which a JD student chooses For the JD/MPH, 8 JD credits are applied toward the MPH and to study, as a rule, the joint degree can be earned in three- up to 12 MPH credits may be applied toward the JD. -
Russia Country Statistics Population: 142,257,519 (July 2017 Est.) Ethnic Groups: Russian 78%, Tatar 4%, Other 18%
Russia Country Statistics Population: 142,257,519 (July 2017 est.) Ethnic Groups: Russian 78%, Tatar 4%, Other 18% Religions: Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, Other 70-60% Languages: Russian (official) 86%, Tatar 4%, Other 10% Area: 17,098,242 sq km (approximately 1.8 times the size of the US) Government Type: Semi-Presidential Federation National Capital: Moscow Currency: Russian Rubles (RUB) Educational System Grading Scale – All Levels Secondary Reported Grade Translation US Certificate of Basic General Education Grades 1-9 Equiv Аттестат об основном общем образовании 5 Отлично Excellent A Attestat ob osnovnom obschem obrazovanii Otlichno Certificate of (Complete) General Secondary Education Grades 10-11 4 Хорошо Good B Аттестат о среднем (полном) общем образовании Khorosho Attestat o srednem (polnom) obschem obrazovanii 3 Удовлетворительно Satisfactory C Udovletvoritel’no Postsecondary 2 Неудовлетвори- Unsatisfactory F Russia is a member of the European Higher Education Area and is part of the Bologna Process as of 2003. тельно Bachelor’s Diploma 4 years Neudovletvoritel’no Диплом бакалавра 1 Неудовлетвори- Unsatisfactory F Diplom Bakalavra тельно Specialist’s Diploma 5-6 years Neudovletvoritel’no Диплом специалиста] – Зачет Pass P Diplom Spetsialista Zachet Master’s Diploma 2 years Диплом магистра Diplom Magistra Diploma of Candidate of Sciences 3 or more years Диплом кандидата наук Diplom Kandidata Nauk IU Placement Recommendations Freshman • Certificate of (Complete) General Secondary Education Transfer • 1-3 years undergraduate study • Specialist’s Degree program when a graduation certificate was not obtained Graduate • Bachelor’s Diploma • Specialist’s Diploma when a graduation certificate was obtained Required Academic Records Undergraduate Applications • Lower Secondary School Transcript o For Grade 9 • Upper Secondary Transcript • Certificate of (Complete) General Secondary Education Graduate Applications For transcripts, alternatively we can accept the Diploma Supplement if accompanied by the degree certificate. -
Master of Science in Engineering Management
Applicants not holding an ABET-accredited undergraduate or MASTER OF SCIENCE IN graduate engineering degree must demonstrate or accrue the ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT following preparation prior to enrolling in EGM courses: • Mathematics: 12 hours (calculus, differential equations Master of Science in and statistics, or approved equivalent) Engineering Management • Engineering economy or equivalent; 3 hours • Science (chemistry and/or physics): 12 hours of approved Point of Contact: Yong Zhu, Ph.D. coursework The Master of Science in Engineering Management is a 30 • Engineering: 12 hours of approved coursework credit-hour program that integrates 15 hours of mandatory • Demonstrated ability with computer programming and/or engineering management courses with 15 hours of technical numerical analysis techniques electives or graduate project. The program is committed to the 4. Professional Recommendations: successful development of the upward-bound technical talent in industry. Entering students enjoy a curricular breadth and Applicants must submit two letters of professional flexibility unique to Wilkes University. recommendation. The program emphases include decision processes, Degree Requirements systems modeling, uncertainty analysis and risk assessment. Graduates will learn to effectively address and communicate the growing complexities of organizational performance and The Masters of Science Degree in Engineering Management decision processes as they prepare for leadership roles in requires a minimum of thirty (30) credit hours consisting of technical staff and technology management such as project fifteen (15) credits in CORE courses and fifteen (15) elective planning and execution, production flow, logistics, demand credit hours. forecasting, and quality improvement. The program also prepares students for further academic endeavors that may Typical Course Sequence lead to post-graduate or doctoral studies in Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering or other related First Semester Second Semester disciplines. -
Translating Degrees and Academic Titles Abbreviations: Challenges and Perspectives
Slađana Milinković TRANSLATING DEGREES AND ACADEMIC TITLES ABBREVIATIONS: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES SLAĐANA MILINKOVIĆ Th e Court Interpreters and Translators Association of Serbia E-mail: [email protected] Egyetemi fokozatok és tudományos címek rövidítéseinek fordítása: kihívások és perspektí- vák. Az ember társas lény, ezért természetes szükséglete a kommunikáció. Az emberi kommuni- káció fontosságát már évezredekkel ezelőtt felismerték, és gyökerei sokkal messzebbre nyúlnak vissza, mint amiről az írott történelem beszámol. Az emberi kommunikáció alapja az együttmű- ködés és a közös szándék, ahogy azt az antroposzemiotika is tanítja. Idáig azonban hosszú utat kellett bejárni. „Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος”,1 tanítja a Biblia, de az igét meg kell hallgatni, és terjeszteni kell. Minél messzebbre kellett eljutnia, annál fontosabb volt, hogy valamilyen módon lejegyezzék. És az em- ber másik természetes szükséglete, hogy nyomot hagyjon a világban – valamilyen képpel, szám- mal vagy betűvel. Nézzük meg röviden ennek a történetét. Kulcsszavak: latin nyelvű oklevelek, egyetemi fokozatok fordítása, tudományos címek rövidítése, bírósági tolmácsolás, a terminológia alakulása Since man is a social being, one of his innate needs is the desire to communicate. Th e importance of human communication has been recognised for thousands of years, far longer than demonstrated through recorded history. Human communication is rooted in cooperative and shared intentions, as anthroposemiotics teaches us. But it was a long road to get us here. “Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος”, the Bible has taught us, but it has to be heard and spread. Th e further it needed to go, the greater was the need to record it in some way. And the second man’s innate need was to make a mark in the world – with a picture of some kind, a certain sign, numeral or letter. -
Akademische Grade in Der Optometrie
FORTBILDUNG Akademische Grade in der Optometrie schen Diploms in der Optometrie oder den Anforderungen an den Optometri - sten (HWK) sind als Optometristen zu bezeichnen 2015 werden in den meisten Ländern der Welt akademische Ausbildungsgänge für die Optometrie angeboten. Während sich in Europa seit 1999 als Folge der soge - nannten Bologna Deklaration (Winter 2011) bis auf wenige Disziplinen eine Vereinheitlichung der Hochschulausbil - Im Jahr 1962 publizierte der US-amerikanische Kollege Dr. Leonhard Michael Fen - dung mit europaweit gleichen Abschlüs - ning in dem 12. Sonderdruck der Wissenschaftlichen Vereinigung der Augenopti - sen (Bachelor/Master/Doktor) herausge - ker (WVA) – heute Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung für Augenoptik und Optometrie bildet hat, unterscheidet sich gerade das (WVAO) - einen Aufsatz mit dem Titel „Berufsbezeichnungen und Forschungsbe - anglo-amerikanische Hochschulsystem zeichnungen in der Optometrie und Akademische Erfordernisse für das optometri - mit seiner Vielzahl an Berufsdoktoraten sche Studium in den Vereinigten Staaten und Kanada“. Akademische Abschlüsse in nach der sogenannten „Undergraduate der Optometrie waren zum damaligen Zeitpunkt in Europa unbekannt; lediglich die Ausbildung“ für viele Berufe, u.a. die Op - am 7. Oktober 1918 in Jena gegründete „Großherzogliche Sächsische Optiker - tometrie, immer noch gravierend vom schule“, welche im Mai 1927 in „Jenaer Fachhochschule für Optiker (Staatliche An - europäischen Hochschulsystem. stalt) umbenannt wurde, vergab anfangs als einzige europäische -
Recognition of Bologna Masters Degrees in Europe
Recognition of Bologna Master’s Degrees in Europe Recognition of Bologna Master’s Degrees in Europe 2005-3507 / 001-001 SO2 61-NAR This research project report is published by UK NARIC. The project has been funded with support from the European Community. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Please cite this publication as: UK NARIC et al., Recognition of Bologna Master’s Degrees in Europe, 2005, Cheltenham, England. © 2005 UK NARIC The National Recognition Information Centre for the United Kingdom Oriel House Oriel Road Cheltenham GL50 1XP e.: [email protected] w.:www.naric.org.uk 2 Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 4 Introduction / Chronology ................................................................................................ 5 1. Germany ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Historical Background ............................................................................................ 7 1.2 Types of Master’s degree ...................................................................................... 8 1.3 Entry ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Content .................................................................................................................. 9 1.5 Structure .............................................................................................................