July–September 2006 Vol. 23 No. 3 Pages 89–128 Endangered Species UPDATE Science, Policy & Emerging Issues School of Natural Resources and Environment THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Endangered Species UPDATE Science, Policy & Emerging Issues Contents July–September 2006 Vol. 23 No. 3 Rethinking Regional Habitat Conservation Plan Monitoring Programs: An Innovative Approach Laura M. DiPrizio ............................................ Editor in San Diego, California ..........................................................91 Jennifer Muladore ........................................... Editor Keith A. Greer Sarah Scheitler ............................Editorial Assistant Anna Ruszaj ................................Editorial Assistant Melanie Johnson Rocks Edalin Michael ............................Editorial Assistant Sarah Sieter .................................Editorial Assistant Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Population Lisa Torsiello ..............................Editorial Assistant Survey in Emas National Park, Brazil – A Proposed Jennifer Lee Johnson ............ Authors Coordinator Andrea Adams .........................Grants Coordinator Monitoring Program ................................................................96 Alana Kantrowitz ........Subscriptions Coordinator Guilherme H. B. de Miranda Johannes Foufopoulos ................... Faculty Advisor Walfrido M. Tomá s Bobbi Low ....................................... Faculty Advisor Claudio B. Valladares-Pádua Advisory Board Flávio H. G. Rodrigues Richard Block Santa Barbara A Preliminary Checklist of Mammals and Plants: Zoological Gardens Conservation Status of Some Species in Salonga Susan Haig, PhD National Park .......................................................................... 104 Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Bila-Isia Inogwabini Science Center, USGS Oregon State University Book Review: Coexisting with Large Carnivores: Patrick O’Brien, PhD Lessons from Greater Yellowstone ............................................118 ChevronTexaco Energy Research Company Joel T. Heinen Jack Ward Thomas, PhD Focus on Nature ......................................................................121 University of Montana Rochelle Mason Subscription Information: The Endangered Species UPDATE is published four times per year by the School News from Zoos ......................................................................122 of Natural Resources and Environment at The University of Michigan. Annual rates are: $78 institution, $33 indi- Call for Submissions .............................................................. 125 vidual, $25 student/senior, and $20 electronic. Add $5 for postage outside the US, and send check or money order (payable to The University of Michigan, Endangered Spe- Instructions to Authors ......................................................... 126 cies UPDATE) to: Endangered Species UPDATE Endangered Species Bulletin................................................. Insert School of Natural Resources and Environment Provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service The University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041 (734) 763-3243; fax (734) 936-2195 E-mail: [email protected] The Endangered Species UPDATE was made http://www.umich.edu/~esupdate possible in part by Chevron Corporation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Cover: Photo of giant anteater, adult and juvenile, courtesy of the Saint Louis Zoo. Photographer: Ray Meibaum. Endangered Species. The views expressed in the Endangered Species UPDATE may not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Fish and Wild - life Service or The University of Michigan. 90 Endangered Species UPDATE Vol. 23 No. 2 2006 Rethinking Regional Habitat Conservation Plan Monitoring Programs: An Innovative Approach in San Diego, California Keith A. Greer1, 2 Abstract Melanie Johnson Rocks3, 4 Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) have become a common, albe- it still controversial, method for conserving endangered species at 1San Diego Association of the regional level while balancing the social and economic needs of Governments a region. Since 1982 when Congress first amended the Endangered 401 B Street, Suite 800 Species Act to allow for HCPs, more than 400 HCPs have been im- San Diego, CA 92101 (619) 699-7390 plemented (USFWS 2005). Monitoring is a mandatory element of (619) 699-1905 fax all HCPs (USFWS 1996) and is part of the implementation obliga - tions. Without adequate and appropriate monitoring, the success [email protected] of plans cannot be evaluated (Kareiva et al. 1999). This paper will focus on experiences in the review and revisions to the Multiple 3 City of San Diego Species Conservation Program (MSCP) monitoring program. The 202 C Street MS 5a San Diego, CA 92101 MSCP, adopted in 1998, is a large and complex HCP covering por- (619) 533-6300 tions 900 square miles (2330 km2) of San Diego County, California (619) 236-6478 fax (Ogden 1996). We suggest that this process can serve as a model [email protected] for other HCPs in the initial development and periodic review of monitoring programs. About the Authors Keith Greer is a Regional Environmental Planner and Biologist for the San Diego Association of Governments. Formerly the Deputy Planning Director for the City of San Diego, he has been involved in environmental planning, biological management and monitor- ing in San Diego for the past 15 years. Keith holds a Bachelors of Science in Biology and a Masters in Geography, with a concentra- tion in Natural Resources and Environmental Policy. Melanie Johnson Rocks is a Biologist for the City of San Diego Planning Department’s Multiple Species Conservation Program. She has worked in environmental planning and biological moni- toring/management for seven years and holds a Master of Science degree in Environmental Science. Vol. 23 No. 3 2006 Endangered Species UPDATE 91 Background the condition of vegetation), (2) wild- The Multiple Species Conservation Pro- life corridor monitoring (movement of gram (MSCP) was developed in col- mega-fauna), (3) faunal species moni- laboration with the U.S. Fish and Wild - toring (avifauna and herpetofauna), and life Service, the California Department (4) endangered and rare plant monitor- of Fish and Game, 11 local cities, and ing. After several years of monitoring the County of San Diego. A multi-taxa under the proposed plan, it was deter- monitoring plan was prepared for the mined that a critical review of the moni- 85 species and their habitats considered toring plan was warranted due to meth- “covered” under the MSCP (Ogden odology problems and questions about 1996). The plan provided methods for data reliability and analysis.Funded by “effectiveness monitoring,” where the the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and goal is to track the biological success of the California Department of Fish and the Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) in Game, and administered by the City of producing the desired results of species San Diego, it was determined that rare Figure 1. Conceptual model plants would be the first component of process for development persistence and resilience (Kareiva et al. and review of biological 1999). General groups of monitoring in- the monitoring plan to be reviewed. The monitoring programs for cluded (1) habitat monitoring (perma- process of revision (Figure 1) to the rare regional Habitat Conserva- nent and temporary loss, and change in plant program would serve as a pilot tion Plans (HCPs). for revision of other components of the Project Team monitoring program. This allowed staff (Wildlife Agencies) to compartmentalize the review and re- (Local Jurisdiction visions, focus on a specific group of taxa Implementing HCPs) or processes, engage specific technical experts, and match available resources Standardized (staff and funding) to the task at hand. Stakeholders Protocols Initiation Project Manager Process Workshop Rare Plant Ecologist Early in the process, the lead agencies (Land Managers) (U.S. Geologic Survey, (Local Jurisdictions) Biologic Resource (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Califor - (Local Universities) Division nia Department of Fish and Game, and (NGOs) ) the City and County of San Diego) de- cided that the plan needed a dedicated Project Manager supported by an inde- Scientific Advisors pendent scientific advisory committee. (Plant Population Ecologist) All members of this team would be ex- (Rare Plant Management & Final Plan Restoration Expert) perts in their field, but not previously (Taxonomist & Local Expert) involved in the development or imple- mentation of the MSCP. This was done to attempt to remove any bias regarding the plan. Dr. Kathryn McEachern, a bot- Stakeholders Review anist from the U.S. Geological Service Workshop Draft Findings and (USGS), Biological Resources Division, (Land Managers) Recommendations (Local Jurisdictions) was asked to fill the role of Project Man- (Local Universities) ager. The USGS has played a critical (NGOs) role in defining monitoring programs Peer-Review Draft Plan (3 Non-Local Experts) regionally (Atkinson et al. 2004). One of the fundamental tenets of the MSCP was collaboration and stakeholder involvement. With this in In Process mind, the lead agencies utilized the 92 Endangered Species UPDATE Vol. 23 No. 3 2006 Figure 1: Conceptual model process for development and review of biological monitoring programs for regional Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs). vast amount of regional institutional environmental non-government organi- knowledge on rare plants through an