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Terena Compendium TERENA COMPENDIUM of National Research and Education Networks in Europe 2010 Edition www.terena.org/compendium © TERENA 2010 All rights reserved Parts of this report may be freely copied, unaltered, provided that the original source is acknowledged and copyright preserved. Editor: Bert van Pinxteren Text, tables and graphs: Bert van Pinxteren, Harman Korte Database and website: Christian Gijtenbeek Proofreading and correction: Rob Stuart, LocuMotio.nl Design and production: Omdesign, Omdesign.nl Printing: Hellendoorn Paper: Recy Satin Price: €25 (excl. postage and packing) For further information or to place an order, please contact: TERENA Secretariat Singel 468 D 1017 AW Amsterdam, Netherlands Email: [email protected] The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 238875, relating to the project ‘Multi- Gigabit European Research and Education Network and Associated Services (GN3)’. O RS F G TERENA is solely responsible for this publication, A É E A Y N which does not represent the opinion of the European 0 T Community; nor is the European Community 1 responsible for any use that may be made of the data 2 00 10 appearing herein. 0 20 TERENA COMPENDIUM of National Research and Education Networks in Europe 2010 Edition www.terena.org/compendium ISSN: 1569 - 4496 TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks In Europe / Contents CONTENTS Introduction 4 4.3 Traffic growth, 2003-2009 48 Key findings: a brief overview 5 4.4 Traffic per inhabitant 49 4.5 Congestion 52 1 Basic Information 7 4.6 IPv6 53 1.1 European NRENs that responded to the questionnaire 7 4.7 Lambda traffic 54 1.2 NRENs in other continents 11 1.3 Legal form of NRENs 12 5 Other services 55 1.4 Major changes in NRENs 14 5.1 Overview 55 1.5 Environmental policies 18 5.2 Authorisation and mobility services 56 5.2.1 Identity federations 56 2 Users/clients 19 5.2.2 Certification Authorities 58 2.1 Overview 19 5.3 Housing, storage, hosting and content-delivery services 59 2.2 Connection policies 20 5.4 Network collaboration tools 61 2.3 Approximate market shares 20 5.4.1 IP telephony 61 2.4 Typical bandwidths 23 5.4.2 Video-conferencing 62 2.5 Connection methods 24 5.4.3 Multimedia repositories and streaming 64 2.6 Other technologies used by NRENs 25 5.5 Network computing resources 66 5.5.1 Grid services 66 3 Network and connectivity services 27 5.5.2 Cloud services 66 3.1 Overview 27 5.6 User interaction / knowledge dissemination 67 3.2 Network Operations Centres 28 3.3 PoPs and routing 29 6 Funding and staffing 69 3.4 GÉANT backbone and core capacity on the network 32 6.1 Overview 69 3.5 External connectivity: total external links 35 6.2 Staffing 70 3.6 Dark fibre 36 6.3 Total budgets, 2005 - 2007 and 2008 - 2010 73 3.7 Cross-border dark fibre 37 6.4 Income sources 76 3.8 Lambdas 38 6.5 Expenditure by category 79 3.9 Major expected network developments 40 6.6 Expenditure by network level 79 4 Traffic 45 APPENDICES 80 4.1 Overview 45 1 Alphabetical list of NRENs 80 4.2 Traffic in 2009 46 2 Glossary of terms 83 3 TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks In Europe /Introduction Introduction The first edition of the TERENA Compendium was published in 2001, which makes of the Compendium includes the 2001 and 2010 GÉANT topology maps. In other this 2010 edition the tenth in the series. In that ten-year period, the Compendium respects, the Compendium generally looks back over five years, comparing has grown into a much sought-after and authoritative reference source for all 2010 with 2006. This year’s edition includes several other new features, such as who are interested in the development of research and education networking. an at-a-glance overview of various services offered by NRENs, and sections on With each successive edition, the information contained in the Compendium wavelengths (lambdas) that NRENs now make available to their clients. has grown in variety and dependability, although, as always, the data should be interpreted with the necessary caution. Collecting such data requires contributions from, and careful checking by, several staff members of each NREN. TERENA would like to thank all those in the This year’s edition, the second to be published as part of the GN3 (GÉANT) NREN community who contributed to the gathering, submitting, clarifying and project, is enhanced with input from activity leaders in that project. As in previous checking of the data included in this publication. years, we have attempted to aggregate data for groups of National Education and Research Networks (NRENs) and to examine and partially explain multi-year The Compendium consists of two parts: the information submitted by the trends. Summaries and analyses of the most important information are presented individual NRENs (available in full at www.terena.org/activities/compendium) in ‘overview’ subsections at the start of each section. and this publication. Most of the tables and graphs first list all the European Union (EU)2 and European Free Trade Association (EFTA)3 countries and then The new Key findings section that follows this introduction provides a more other countries. The data are usually presented in alphabetical order, sorted on general analysis of recent developments. the English name of each country. All the NRENs included in the Compendium are listed in Section 1.1. NRENs in all other parts of the world are listed in Section Production of this edition was overseen by the Review Panel: Tryfon Chiotis 1.2. In a few cases, information on non-European NRENs is included for illustrative (GRNET), Lars Fischer (NORDUnet), András Kovács (HUNGARNET), Ingrid Melve purposes. The full data is available at www.terena.org/activities/compendium. (UNINETT) and Mike Norris (HEAnet). Please note that, unless otherwise specified, the data indicate the situation at or An attempt was made to further simplify the survey questions. As before, NRENs close to 31 January 2010. from outside Europe were invited to submit their data. In order To reduce production time, NRENs were given a relatively short period in which to submit We hope that this tenth edition of the Compendium will prove to be at least as their responses. Although this yielded fewer responses than last year, they still valuable as the previous ones. You are warmly invited to give feedback, which is cover 51 NRENs from the same number of countries. the key to the Compendium’s future development! The year 2010 is the 10th anniversary of the GÉANT1 European backbone network, Bert van Pinxteren, TERENA which was inaugurated on 1 November 2000. To mark the occasion, this edition 1 The GÉANT partner countries include all the EU/EFTA countries plus Croatia, Israel, FYRoMacedonia, 3 The EFTA consists of four countries: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. As Liechtenstein Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey. is serviced by SWITCH (Switzerland), it is not separately included in this Compendium. 2 As Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU on 1 January 2007, wherever the Compendium presents data on the EU/EFTA region from 2006 and earlier these two countries are not included. From 2007 onwards, data on EU/EFTA countries do include Bulgaria and Romania. 4 TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks In Europe /Key findings KEY FINDINGS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW Enabling communities NRENs (as is the case today for eduroam)3. More generally, many NRENs are The Internet basically began as a technological innovation for which growing reviewing and diversifying their service portfolios. numbers of institutions and people found an ever-increasing variety of uses. Internet developments were essentially driven by further technological innovations. Currently, the emphasis on technology is decreasing and more New technologies and traffic increase importance is being attached to meeting user demands. This does not mean that Not only services but also technologies continue to develop. Many NRENs have the technology is no longer developing; it does mean that, more than in the past, made substantial progress towards deploying hybrid IP-optical networks and developments in services and in technology have to go hand in hand. offering the associated end-to-end services. • Eighteen of the EU/EFTA NRENs currently offer dedicated wavelengths Thus, the Programme Committee for the TERENA Networking Conference 2011 (lambdas) to their customers; writes: • On the European level, these are complemented by the GÉANT Plus and Networks have evolved from being a pure data transporter to being an GÉANT Lambda services; enabler of global communities with shared resources and goals. Networks • Over 200 wavelength circuits (lambdas) are now in use for high-bandwidth, enable new pervasive forms of collaboration and sharing, affecting all aspects low-jitter transport. of our lives. Networks enable teams, institutions and countries to come together to develop innovative solution to complex challenges.1 At the same time, traffic continues to grow: total IP levels have increased six-fold in the past six years. The current rate of growth is approximately 30% a year. • In the 29 countries that submitted the relevant data for this Compendium, New and advanced services average traffic per inhabitant has grown from 93 MB/month in 2006 to 163 In view of this evolution of networks, services are becoming increasingly MB/month in 2009, an average annual growth rate of 21.3%; important. Because many NRENs combine excellent technical expertise with • Analysis confirms that there is still a substantial ‘digital divide’ in Europe: close contacts with the user community, they have been able to develop high- Bulgaria, Moldova, Serbia and Turkey lag far behind the rest of Europe in terms end services that are currently not available, or not affordably available, from of traffic; commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs).2 • In Romania, however, there has been a marked growth of traffic due to the • A case in point is the Identity Federation, a ‘meta-service’ developed by NRENs country’s changeover to a fibre network.
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