Danish String Quartet Frederik Øland, Violin Rune Tonsgaard Sørensen, Violin Asbjørn Nørgaard, Viola Fredrik Schøyen Sjölin, Cello
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Sunday, November 10, 2019, 3pm Hertz Hall Danish String Quartet Frederik Øland, violin Rune Tonsgaard Sørensen, violin Asbjørn Nørgaard, viola Fredrik Schøyen Sjölin, cello PROGRAM Johann Sebastian BACH (1685 –1750) Fugue No. 24 in B minor, BWV 869, (arr. Emanuel Aloys Förster) from e Well-Tempered Clavier, Book I Alfred SCHNITTKE (1934 –1998) String Quartet No. 3 Andante Agitato Pesante INTERMISSION Ludwig van BEETHOVEN (1770 –1827) String Quartet No. 13 in B-flat major, Op. 130, with Grosse Fuge , Op. 133 Adagio ma non troppo – Allegro Presto Andante con moto ma non troppo Alla danza tedesca. Allegro assai Cavatina. Adagio molto espressivo Finale. Allegro e Danish String Quartet is currently exclusive with ECM Records and has previously recorded for DaCapo and Cavi-Music/BR Klassik. This performance is made possible, in part, by Patron Sponsors Kathleen Henschel and John Dewes, and Lance and Dalia Nagel. Major support provided by The Bernard Osher Foundation. Cal Performances’ 2019 –20 season is sponsored by Wells Fargo. PROGRAM NOTES deally, each work on a concert program Emanuel Aloys Förster (1748 –1823), Prus - will provide a context for the others. e sian-born, settled in Vienna around 1780. ere Imembers of the Danish String Quartet he composed and taught music, became friends have conceived a five-concert series of such with Mozart and Haydn, and earned the admir - pro grams, each including a Bach fugue, one of ation of Beethoven. To make string tran scrip - Beethoven’s last string quartets, and music by a tions of Bach fugues was not an idea original later composer ( Mendelssohn, Webern , Bartók, with Förster. Mozart had already done so and Shostakovich, and Schnittke ). In every pro - had even supplied new preludes of his own. In gram, Beethoven provides what the DSQ calls Förster’s elegant transcription of Bach’s B minor a prism through which to experience the other Fugue, the lines fall naturally into the four works. Prism is what the DSQ musicians call channels of the string quartet, and Bach’s tex - their project. is aernoon’s performance is tures emerge in relief. e pace is steady, the part of it. themes simple and pristine, a reasoned music Bach’s fugues fascinated Beethoven and surely whose pensive opening is soon countered with formed his own concept of fugue, however far the entry of a new major-mode voice that in - he may have strayed from Bach—and his Grosse jects just a touch of optimism before all parties Fuge strays. In the later 20th century, Alfred continue, advancing their intelligent contribu - Schnittke brought the Grosse Fuge into his tions in supremely civil conversation. String Quartet No. 3. ese three works look ahead to and back on each other, yet each is Alfred Schnittke strongly profiled and individual, created by a String Quartet No. 3 supersized artistic personality. If this quartet from 1983 is your first encounter with Alfred Schnittke, you may believe its Johann Sebastian Bach opening prepares you for a soothing medita - Fugue No. 24 in B minor, BWV 869, from tion. A few more seconds will shatter your e Well-Tempered Clavier, Book I (arranged expectations and tell you a few things about for string quartet by Emanuel Aloys Förster) this man: that he was a polystylist, and that he Johann Sebastian Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier wrote the kind of music you’d guess the Soviet includes two “books,” or two sets each of 24 authorities would have hated. (For the most preludes and fugues, in all major and minor part, they did.) keys. He completed the first set in 1722. Schnittke was born to a German father and a Bach intended these preludes and fugues as Volga-Deutsch mother in Engels, an industrial pedagogical devices, and with them he pro - city about 450 miles southeast of Moscow. At vided examples of a tuning system that would 12, he began to study music in Vienna, where work well in any key. While most scholars be - his journalist father had been transferred. lieve Bach meant to exhibit the benefits of Schnittke completed his studies at the Moscow equal temperament, a system proposed only 30 Conservatory and taught there until 1972, years before he published Book I of e Well- when he began supporting himself by com - Tempered Clavier, researchers now leave some posing for film. He scored 60-odd movies, and wiggle room since Bach tuned his own key - that work, demanding quick responses to the board instruments to his preferences, and not ever-changing emotional twists of plot, con - much is known about those. But no abstruse ditioned the style of his concert music. His discussion of tuning systems need interfere enormous output included nine symphonies, with enjoyment of music so filled with passion three operas, four string quartets, and many, and reflection. Beethoven was just one of the many concertos. many who revered these preludes and fugues, With the international honors his music was not only for the technique they exhibited, but receiving, and in a Soviet Union beginning to as examples of how technique supports expres - relax its strictures on artists, Schnittke was siveness. spared the indignities and bullying heaped on PLAYBILL PROGRAM NOTES earlier Soviet composers. But no bureaucrat You don’t need to know where Schnittke could have been happy with something as found his themes, although awareness of his deeply strange as the composer’s Symphony sources will undoubtedly help read extra-musical No. 1, a love-it-or-loathe-it hour of dissonance meaning into the work, if you’re so inclined. that sounds like the work of a Russian Charles (Some listeners have interpreted the conglom - Ives and that demands so much patience and eration and wrenching apart of snippets old and serious listening, it practically begged the Com - new to suggest integration, or breakdown, or posers Union to ban it (the Composers Union both.) Schnittke maintained his goal was to obliged). Schnittke so displeased the authori ties unite serious and light music, by which he had that in 1980 he was prohibited from travel ing to have meant something beyond what many outside the country. In 1990, a year aer the other composers have done, composers such as Berlin Wall fell, he settled in Hamburg, where in Beethoven, Brahms, Dvořák, Stravinsky, Cop - 1998 he died at 63. land, Adams. “It’s not surprising,” writes Solo - e String Quartet No. 3 is the kind of mon Volkov, “that Schnittke’s music irritates emotion-laden work you might expect from a many who feel that the composer has set out composer so closely attuned to film. Very to confuse them by combining obviously dis - simplistically, you can take polystylism to mean jointed and incongruous elements.” All that the incorporation and refashioning of found aside, music works better as music than as objects into your own work. e quartet begins philosophical statement. As music, this quartet with a quotation from the Stabat mater by stands on its own. the 16th-century Flemish composer Orlando di Lasso, establishing a serenity immediately Ludwig van Beethoven dispatched by a drone that grows louder and String Quartet in B-flat major, Op. 130, tighter under the second violin’s plucked with Grosse Fuge, Op. 133 strings. In a film, this ominous figure might By the mid-1820s, when Beethoven wrote his accompany careful steps into a dark room; last string quartets, he had long since made in musical terms, it recalls the opening of deafness work in his favor. Without the reality Beethoven’s Grosse Fuge . e melodic gesture of sound to confine his imagination, a new from Beethoven is not so far from Shosta - world of musical possibilities opened. Uncon - kovich’s signature DSCH motif, and that too ven tional his late works may be, but the chal - is submerged in the texture (the names German lenges they present to a listener are their own assigns to musical tones enabled Shostako - reward. And while Beethoven’s contemporaries vich to notate his initials; translated into English, may have found his late works odd, the 200 they are D/E-flat/C/B). A disintegration morphs years between then and now have been filled into languid siren-like lines. While apparently with so many wonders and horrors that rhyth - quoting Lasso, Beethoven, and Shostakovich, mic displacements and unexpected harmonies, Schnittke transforms their themes—you might far from being alien to the world we know, seem say he views them through a prism—and builds to mirror it. a tight structure all his own. Beethoven ridiculed the quartet’s first audi - e second movement begins as a kind of ence, those cattle and asses (his words) unable waltz, but again Lasso intrudes. Roughly half - to get their ears around the great serious fugue way through, the mood reverts to the mysteri - with which he capped the first five movements, ous atmosphere of the quartet’s opening. e all of them immediately appealing in their own tempo shis into overdrive and, as in Beetho - way. But in fact he was not sure his finale was ven’s fugue, verges toward chaos. e final right, and when his publisher asked for an al - movement, following with no break, opens with ternate ending, he very uncharacteristically a grand Grosse Fuge- like gesture. Lasso returns, consented. (e fugue was published separately and Beethoven, in an extended meditative pas - as his Opus 133.) ese days, string players tend sage, subdued and tense to the end. to favor the fugue over Beethoven’s alternate PROGRAM NOTES ending. To call the Grosse Fuge a tour de force is of them. Set to words and sung on Broadway, to give it short shri.