DOCSLIB.ORG

Novitatesamericant MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Novitatesamericant MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y NovitatesAMERICANt MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3200, 26 pp., 42 figures, 1 table August 29, 1997 New Taxa of Brachynomadine Bees (Apidae: Nomadinae) JEROME G. ROZEN, JR.' CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................. 2 Introduction ................................................................ 2 Acknowledgments .............................................................. 2 Morphology ................................................................ 3 Key to Genera and Subgenera of Brachynomadini .................................. 3 Kelita Sandhouse ................................................................ 5 Spinokelita, new subgenus ...................................................... 5 Kelita (Spinokelita) argentina, new species ...................................... 5 Brachynomada Holmberg ...................... ................................... 9 Brachynomada (Brachynomada) scotti, new species .............................. 9 Adult ............................................................ .... 9 Pupa ............................................................. ... 13 Larva ................................................................ 14 Biological Notes on Brachynomada scotti and Its Host, Exomalopsis bruesi ..... ..... 15 Observations ................................................................ 15 Discussion ................................................................ 17 Triopasites Linsley ............................................................. 19 Triopasites penniger (Cockerell) ............... ................................ 20 Triopasites spinifera, new species ............. ................................ 22 Phylogenetic Considerations ...................................................... 24 References ................................................................ 25 1 Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1997 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $3.00 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3200 ABSTRACT The following new taxa of cleptoparasitic bees nomada (B.) scotti is the first species in the nomi- belonging to the Brachynomadini are described: nate subgenus reported to attack nests of Exomal- Spinokelita, new subgenus of Kelita, type species opsis, and E. (E.) bruesi is the first member of its Kelita (Spinokelita) argentina, new species, from nominate subgenus reported to host a brachyno- Argentina; Brachynomada (Brachynomada) scot- madine. ti, new species, from Peru; and Triopasites spi- A review of Triopasites places the following nifera, new species, from Mexico. A key based species in synonymy with T. penniger (Cockerell, on adult characters is presented for the genera and 1894): pasitura (Cockerell, 1935); timberlakei Linsley, 1939; micheneri Linsley, 1943; and la- subgenera of the Brachynomadini. guna Linsley, 1943, ALL NEW SYNONYMY. The pupa and larva of Brachynomada scotti are The description of Triopasites spinifera and syn- described taxonomically, and the biology of B. onymy of all others results in a recharacterization scotti and its ground-nesting host, Exomalopsis of Triopasites. (Exomalopsis) bruesi Cockerell, is detailed. Sev- The tribe appears to be divided into two main eral new characters involving male terminalia dis- clades, one consisting of Brachynomada (includ- tinguish the subgenera Brachynomada and Mela- ing Melanomada), Paranomada, Triopasites, and nomada. A table lists species of Exomalopsini Trichonomada and the other consisting of Kelita with their known nomadine cleptoparasites. Brachy- with its new subgenus Spinokelita. INTRODUCTION Brachynomadini is a recently named New tion to Argentina on which the holotype of World tribe of cleptoparasitic bees (Roig-Al- Kelita argentina was obtained. Most of the sina and Michener, 1993), the systematics of specimens of Triopasites spinifera were col- which is still in flux because of the rarity of lected under the aegis of the Programa Coop- collections. Michener (1996) recently iden- erativo Sobre la Apifauna Mexicana tified a new brachynomadine genus (Tri- (PCAM), supported by a National Science chonomada), synonymized some of the taxa Foundation grant (BSR 90-24723) to the included in the tribe, and characterized the University of Illinois (W. E. LaBerge, prin- currently recognized genera. The present pa- cipal investigator). per furthers our understanding of the anatom- I acknowledge with appreciation the field ical diversity, host preferences, and geo- assistance and friendly companionship of the graphic range of the tribe by describing a late Luis E. Penia and Alfredo Ugarte on the new subgenus and species of Kelita and a trip to Argentina and of Alfredo Ugarte on new species of Brachynomada from Peru and the trip to Peru. by revising Triopasites, including recogniz- Fernando A. Silveira kindly identified Ex- ing a new species from Mexico. omalopsis bruesi Cockerell; Zachary Falin This paper does not discuss the monophy- tentatively identified Macrosiagon vittatum ly of the tribe, which was established by (Erichson). Roig-Alsina and Michener (1993) and ex- Specimens used in this study were made amined further by Rozen (1996) and Rozen available from the following collections: Bee et al.(1997). Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan (G. E. Bohart, T. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Griswold); California Academy of Sciences, Fieldwork in Peru leading to the collection San Francisco (W. Pulawski, D. Ubick); Cen- and study of Brachynomada scotti was kind- tral Texas Melittological Institute (J. L. ly supported by Robert E. Goelet, Chairman Neff); Essig Museum of Entomology, Uni- Emeritus, American Museum of Natural His- versity of California, Berkeley (C. B. Barr); tory. Gerardo Lamas Mueller, Museo de His- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles toria Natural, Lima, Peru, greatly facilitated County, California (R. R. Snelling); Progra- the collecting trip. The National Geographic ma Cooperativo sobre la Apifauna Mexicana Society (grant 3844-88) funded the expedi- (PCAM), University of Illinois, Champaign 1997 ROZEN: BRACHYNOMADINE BEES 3 (W. E. LaBerge, D. Yanega); Snow Ento- num of the preceding metasomal segment. It mological Division, Natural History Muse- may function to deflect the stinger of a host um, University of Kansas, Lawrence (R. W. female if the host attempts to sting the clep- Brooks, C. D. Michener). toparasite between the metasomal segments. Light micrographs were taken by David A. Trapped at the sclerotized base of the lamel- Grimaldi, and SEM micrographs were made la, the tip of the stinger would be excluded by Peling Fong-Melville. from the soft, easily penetrable, intersegmen- I thank the following persons for their tal membrane. helpful comments on the manuscript: Drs. The sizes and shapes of the lobes and ap- Bryan N. Danforth, Cornell University; pendages arising from near the apex of the Charles D. Michener, University of Kansas; male gonocoxites of members of this tribe and Arturo Roig-Alsina, Museo de Ciencias show considerable taxonomic diversity. Ter- Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. minology applied to them has often varied, and intertribal homologies of these structures MORPHOLOGY need to be established. However, within the Brachynomadini, homologies seem clear, and The tergal and sternal graduli of most bra- the anatomical terminology of Ehrenfeld and chynomadine genera exhibit an unusual mod- Rozen (1977) and Rozen (1994) is adopted ification.2 The gradulus of most segments (but here because it provides names for most of not the first) is produced posteriorly as a thin, the taxonomically important structures. nearly transparent lameila, which in figure 21 The following abbreviations are used: T = appears paler than the pregradular area. Be- metasomal tergum; S = metasomal sternum. cause of this transparency, the base of the Hence, S7 refers to the seventh metasomal lamella appears as a dark line (arrow, fig. 21) sternum, etc. In descriptions, the eye-conver- running transversely across the tergum or gence index is the lower interocular distance sternum and might be misinterpreted as be- divided by the upper interocular distance. In ing a ridgelike (nonlamellate) gradulus. the illustrations, anterior ends of anatomical However, on close inspection, the thin pos- are oriented terior edge of the gradulus can be detected, parts either toward the top of with setae arising under the lamella. The out- page or to the left. er surface of the lamella is completely con- KEY TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA tinuous with the pregradular area, and on a OF BRACHYNOMADINI coated specimen (fig. 22) the dark line of its base is invisible and its posterior edge is The following key, revised in part from quite apparent. The lamellate condition of the Michener (1996), is presented because of the gradulus, almost certainly a synapomorphy, recognition of a new subgenus of Kelita and is shared by males and females of Triopasites a drastic change in the generic concept of (see fig. 28 for diagram of gradular lamellae Triopasites. The latter was brought about by of T2 and S2 of male of T. penniger), Bra- synonymies of included species and recog- chynomada sensu lato, Paranomada, and nition of a new one from Mexico. This key Trichonomada, that is, the brachynomadine is provisional, based on described taxa; other lineage in its entirety. This condition is not species, some already collected but yet
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wild Bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: Richness, Abundance, and Spatio-Temporal Beta-Diversity
    Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity Olivia Messinger Carril1, Terry Griswold2, James Haefner3 and Joseph S. Wilson4 1 Santa Fe, NM, United States of America 2 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT, United States of America 3 Biology Department, Emeritus Professor, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America 4 Department of Biology, Utah State University - Tooele, Tooele, UT, United States of America ABSTRACT Interest in bees has grown dramatically in recent years in light of several studies that have reported widespread declines in bees and other pollinators. Investigating declines in wild bees can be difficult, however, due to the lack of faunal surveys that provide baseline data of bee richness and diversity. Protected lands such as national monuments and national parks can provide unique opportunities to learn about and monitor bee populations dynamics in a natural setting because the opportunity for large-scale changes to the landscape are reduced compared to unprotected lands. Here we report on a 4-year study of bees in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), found in southern Utah, USA. Using opportunistic collecting and a series of standardized plots, we collected bees throughout the six-month flowering season for four consecutive years. In total, 660 bee species are now known from the area, across 55 genera, and including 49 new species. Two genera not previously known to occur in the state of Utah were discovered, as well as 16 new species records for the state. Bees include ground-nesters, cavity- and twig-nesters, cleptoparasites, narrow specialists, generalists, solitary, and social species.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Mi Bee Lab 9-21-1990 Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera) Charles D. Michener University of Kansas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Michener, Charles D., "Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)" (1990). Mi. Paper 153. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi/153 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 4 WWvyvlrWryrXvW-WvWrW^^ I • • •_ ••^«_«).•>.• •.*.« THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCIENC5;^ULLETIN LIBRARY Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 75-164 Sept. 21,1990 OCT 23 1990 HARVARD Classification of the Apidae^ (Hymenoptera) BY Charles D. Michener'^ Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a Hitherto Unplaced New Guinea Species BY Charles D. Michener and Shoichi F. Sakagami'^ CONTENTS Abstract 76 Introduction 76 Terminology and Materials 77 Analysis of Relationships among Apid Subfamilies 79 Key to the Subfamilies of Apidae 84 Subfamily Meliponinae 84 Description, 84; Larva, 85; Nest, 85; Social Behavior, 85; Distribution, 85 Relationships among Meliponine Genera 85 History, 85; Analysis, 86; Biogeography, 96; Behavior, 97; Labial palpi, 99; Wing venation, 99; Male genitalia, 102; Poison glands, 103; Chromosome numbers, 103; Convergence, 104; Classificatory questions, 104 Fossil Meliponinae 105 Meliponorytes,
    [Show full text]
  • Solanaceae) Flower–Visitor Network in an Atlantic Forest Fragment in Southern Brazil
    diversity Article Bee Diversity and Solanum didymum (Solanaceae) Flower–Visitor Network in an Atlantic Forest Fragment in Southern Brazil Francieli Lando 1 ID , Priscila R. Lustosa 1, Cyntia F. P. da Luz 2 ID and Maria Luisa T. Buschini 1,* 1 Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá 03, Vila Carli, Guarapuava 85040-080, Brazil; [email protected] (F.L.); [email protected] (P.R.L.) 2 Research Centre of Vascular Plants, Palinology Research Centre, Botanical Institute of Sao Paulo Government, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687 Água Funda, São Paulo 04045-972, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 November 2017; Accepted: 8 January 2018; Published: 11 January 2018 Abstract: Brazil’s Atlantic Forest biome is currently undergoing forest loss due to repeated episodes of devastation. In this biome, bees perform the most frequent pollination system. Over the last decade, network analysis has been extensively applied to the study of plant–pollinator interactions, as it provides a consistent view of the structure of plant–pollinator interactions. The aim of this study was to use palynological studies to obtain an understanding of the relationship between floral visitor bees and the pioneer plant S. didymum in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest, and also learn about the other plants that interact to form this network. Five hundred bees were collected from 32 species distributed into five families: Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Megachilidae, and Halictidae. The interaction network consisted of 21 bee species and 35 pollen types.
    [Show full text]
  • Assembleias De Abelhas Sob a Perspectiva Funcional
    GABRIEL ANTÔNIO REZENDE DE PAULA ASSEMBLEIAS DE ABELHAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA FUNCIONAL Tese apresentada à Coordenação do programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de Concentração em Entomologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas. CURITIBA 2014 i GABRIEL ANTÔNIO REZENDE DE PAULA ASSEMBLEIAS DE ABELHAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA FUNCIONAL Tese apresentada à Coordenação do programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de Concentração em Entomologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gabriel A. R. Melo Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Maurício O. Moura CURITIBA 2014 ii iii “The love of complexity without reductionism makes art; the love of complexity with reductionism makes science.” Edward O. Wilson (“Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge”, 1998) iv APRESENTAÇÃO Prezado leitor, o estudo aqui apresentado não se estrutura no padrão vigente de tese. Antes de tudo, o mesmo compreende um relato do desenvolvimento de um raciocínio, o nascimento de uma ideia e o exercício que fundamentaram as hipóteses e teorias resultantes. Pelo intuito de compreender uma representação simbólica do pensamento, o mesmo não poderia estar organizado na usual estrutura fragmentada, pois o conjunto demonstrou-se fluido e intrincado. Buscou-se demonstrar as origens diversas de um saber que se entrelaçaram e ramificaram gerando novos caminhos. Esse registro tornou-se necessário e não haveria outro espaço para fazê-lo. Desse modo, pede-se ao leitor uma reserva em seu tempo, além de um convite à leitura e à interpretação.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologia Reprodutiva De Solanum Lycocarpum (Solanaceae)
    Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - FCBA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade - PPGECB Biologia reprodutiva de Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae): relação recíproca com abelhas polinizadoras, formigas dispersoras de sementes e drosophilideos hospedeiros de frutos PAULO ROBERTO DE ABREU TAVARES Dourados-MS Agosto 2017 Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade PAULO ROBERTO DE ABREU TAVARES Biologia reprodutiva de Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae): relação recíproca com abelhas polinizadoras, formigas dispersoras de sementes e drosophilideos hospedeiros de frutos Tese apresentada a Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do Título de DOUTOR EM ENTOMOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE. Área de Concentração: Entomologia/Biodiversidade conservação Orientador: Prof. Dr. Valter Vieira Alves Junior Dourados – MS Agosto 2017 Biografia do Autor Paulo Roberto de Abreu Tavares, filho de Gilvan Pinto Tavares e Nilda Franscisca de Abreu Tavares, nasceu no estado de Rondônia na cidade de Pimenta-Bueno. Graduou-se em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul. Durante a graduação foi bolsista de iniciação cientifica durante dois anos. Dentre os projetos de extensão que participou destaca-se o RONDON. No ano de 2012 ingressou no mestrado pelo programa de pós-graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade na UFGD. Em 2014 concluiu o mestrado e ingressou no doutorado nesta mesma área de conhecimento. Foi bolsita CAPES durante o mestrado e doutorado. Atuou como professor colaborador na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul durante dois anos.
    [Show full text]
  • Decades of Native Bee Biodiversity Surveys at Pinnacles National Park Highlight the Importance of Monitoring Natural Areas Over Time
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All PIRU Publications Pollinating Insects Research Unit 1-17-2019 Decades of Native Bee Biodiversity Surveys at Pinnacles National Park Highlight the Importance of Monitoring Natural Areas Over Time Joan M. Meiners University of Florida Terry L. Griswold Utah State University Olivia Messinger Carril Independent Researcher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/piru_pubs Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Meiners JM, Griswold TL, Carril OM (2019) Decades of native bee biodiversity surveys at Pinnacles National Park highlight the importance of monitoring natural areas over time. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0207566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0207566 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Pollinating Insects Research Unit at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All PIRU Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RESEARCH ARTICLE Decades of native bee biodiversity surveys at Pinnacles National Park highlight the importance of monitoring natural areas over time 1 2 3 Joan M. MeinersID *, Terry L. Griswold , Olivia Messinger Carril 1 School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of a1111111111 America, 2 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit (PIRU), Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America, 3 Independent Researcher, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Thousands of species of bees are in global decline, yet research addressing the ecology OPEN ACCESS and status of these wild pollinators lags far behind work being done to address similar impacts on the managed honey bee.
    [Show full text]
  • Novitatesamerican MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
    NovitatesAMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3029, 36 pp., 67 figures, 3 tables November 27, 1991 Evolution of Cleptoparasitism in Anthophorid Bees as Revealed by Their Mode of Parasitism and First Instars (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) JEROME G. ROZEN, JR.1 CONTENTS Abstract .............................................. 2 Introduction .............................................. 2 Acknowledgments ............... ............................... 3 Historical Background ................ .............................. 4 Evolution of Cleptoparasitism in the Anthophoridae ............. ................... 6 Systematics of Cleptoparasitic First-Instar Anthophoridae ......... ................. 12 Methods .............................................. 12 Description of the Nomadinae Based on First Instars .......... .................. 13 Description of the Protepeolini Based on the First Instar ......... ................ 13 Description of the Melectini Based on First Instars ............ .................. 17 Xeromelecta (Melectomorpha) californica (Cresson) ........... ................. 17 Melecta separata callura (Cockerell) ......................................... 20 Melecta pacifica fulvida Cresson ............................................. 20 Thyreus lieftincki Rozen .............................................. 22 Zacosmia maculata (Cresson) ............................................. 22 Description of the Rhathymini Based on First Instars .........
    [Show full text]
  • Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
    AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2640, pp. 1-24, figs. 1-36, tables 1-3 January 3, 1978 The Bionomics and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genus Protepeolus (Anthophoridae, Nomadinae) JEROME G. ROZEN, JR.,' KATHLEEN R. EICKWORT,2 AND GEORGE C. EICKWORT3 ABSTRACT Protepeolus singularis was found attacking cells numerous biological dissimilarities. The first in- in nests of Diadasia olivacea in southeastern Ari- star Protepeolus attacks and kills the pharate last zona. The following biological information is pre- larval instar of the host before consuming the sented: behavior of adult females while searching provisions, a unique feature for nomadine bees. for host nests; intraspecific interactions of fe- First and last larval instars and the pupa are males at the host nesting site; interactions with described taxonomically and illustrated. Brief host adults; oviposition; and such larval activities comparative descriptions of the other larval in- as crawling, killing the host, feeding, defecation, stars are also given. Larval features attest to the and cocoon spinning. In general, adult female be- common origin of Protepeolus and the other havior corresponds to that of other Nomadinae. Nomadinae. Cladistic analysis using 27 characters Females perch for extended periods near nest of mature larvae of the Nomadinae demonstrates entrances and avoid host females, which attack that Isepeolus is a sister group to all the other parasites when encountered. Females apparently Nomadinae known from larvae, including Pro- learn the locations of host nests and return to tepeolus, and that Protepeolus is a sister group to them frequently.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Invasive Plant Species on Native Bee Communities in the Southern Great Plains
    EFFECTS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON NATIVE BEE COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS By KAITLIN M. O’BRIEN Bachelor of Science in Rangeland Ecology & Management Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 2015 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2017 EFFECTS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON NATIVE BEE COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS Thesis Approved: Dr. Kristen A. Baum Thesis Adviser Dr. Karen R. Hickman Dr. Dwayne Elmore ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by thanking my advisor, Dr. Kristen Baum, for all of her guidance and expertise throughout this research project. She is an exemplary person to work with, and I am so grateful to have shared my graduate school experience with her. I would also like to recognize my committee members, Dr. Karen Hickman and Dr. Dwayne Elmore, both of whom provided valuable insight to this project. A huge thank you goes out to the Southern Plains Network of the National Park Service, specifically Robert Bennetts and Tomye Folts-Zettner. Without them, this project would not exist, and I am forever grateful to have been involved with their network and parks, both as a research student and summer crew member. A special thank you for Jonathin Horsely, who helped with plot selection, summer sampling, and getting my gear around. I would also like to thank the Baum Lab members, always offering their support and guidance as we navigated through graduate school. And lastly, I would like to thank my family, especially my fiancé Garrett, for believing in me and supporting me as I pursued my goals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Very Handy Bee Manual
    The Very Handy Manual: How to Catch and Identify Bees and Manage a Collection A Collective and Ongoing Effort by Those Who Love to Study Bees in North America Last Revised: October, 2010 This manual is a compilation of the wisdom and experience of many individuals, some of whom are directly acknowledged here and others not. We thank all of you. The bulk of the text was compiled by Sam Droege at the USGS Native Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab over several years from 2004-2008. We regularly update the manual with new information, so, if you have a new technique, some additional ideas for sections, corrections or additions, we would like to hear from you. Please email those to Sam Droege ([email protected]). You can also email Sam if you are interested in joining the group’s discussion group on bee monitoring and identification. Many thanks to Dave and Janice Green, Tracy Zarrillo, and Liz Sellers for their many hours of editing this manual. "They've got this steamroller going, and they won't stop until there's nobody fishing. What are they going to do then, save some bees?" - Mike Russo (Massachusetts fisherman who has fished cod for 18 years, on environmentalists)-Provided by Matthew Shepherd Contents Where to Find Bees ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Nets ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Netting Technique ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Along Urbanization Sprawl, Exotic Plants Distort Native Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Assemblages in High Elevation Andes Ecosystem
    A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 7 November 2018. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/5916), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Henríquez-Piskulich P, Vera A, Sandoval G, Villagra C. 2018. Along urbanization sprawl, exotic plants distort native bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) assemblages in high elevation Andes ecosystem. PeerJ 6:e5916 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5916 Along urbanization sprawl, exotic plants distort native bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) assemblages in high elevation Andes ecosystem Patricia Henríquez-Piskulich Corresp., 1 , Alejandro Vera 2 , Gino Sandoval 3 , Cristian Villagra 1 1 Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile 2 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile 3 Departamento de Historia y Geografía, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile Corresponding Author: Patricia Henríquez-Piskulich Email address: [email protected] Native bees contribute with a considerable portion of pollination services for endemic as well as economically important plant species. Their decline has been attributed to several human-derived influences including global warming as well as the reduction, alteration and loss of bees’ habitat. Moreover, together with human expansion comes along the introduction of exotic plant species with negative impacts over native ecosystems. Anthropic effects may have even a deeper impact on communities adapted to extreme environments, such as high elevation habitats, where abiotic stressors alone are a natural limitation to biodiversity. In these, human-borne alterations, such as the introduction of exotic plants and urbanization, may have a greater influence on native communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Early Bee Diversification Based on Five Genes Plus Morphology
    The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology Bryan N. Danforth†, Sedonia Sipes‡, Jennifer Fang§, and Sea´ n G. Brady¶ Department of Entomology, 3119 Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Communicated by Charles D. Michener, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, May 16, 2006 (received for review February 2, 2006) Bees, the largest (>16,000 species) and most important radiation of tongued (LT) bee families Megachilidae and Apidae and the pollinating insects, originated in early to mid-Cretaceous, roughly short-tongued (ST) bee families Colletidae, Stenotritidae, Andreni- in synchrony with the angiosperms (flowering plants). Under- dae, Halictidae, and Melittidae sensu lato (s.l.)ʈ (9). Colletidae is standing the diversification of the bees and the coevolutionary widely considered the most basal family of bees (i.e., the sister group history of bees and angiosperms requires a well supported phy- to the rest of the bees), because all females and most males possess logeny of bees (as well as angiosperms). We reconstructed a robust a glossa (tongue) with a bifid (forked) apex, much like the glossa of phylogeny of bees at the family and subfamily levels using a data an apoid wasp (18–22). set of five genes (4,299 nucleotide sites) plus morphology (109 However, several authors have questioned this interpretation (9, characters). The molecular data set included protein coding (elon- 23–27) and have hypothesized that the earliest branches of bee gation factor-1␣, RNA polymerase II, and LW rhodopsin), as well as phylogeny may have been either Melittidae s.l., LT bees, or a ribosomal (28S and 18S) nuclear gene data.
    [Show full text]