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The Brain That Changes Itself
The Brain That Changes Itself Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science NORMAN DOIDGE, M.D. For Eugene L. Goldberg, M.D., because you said you might like to read it Contents 1 A Woman Perpetually Falling . Rescued by the Man Who Discovered the Plasticity of Our Senses 2 Building Herself a Better Brain A Woman Labeled "Retarded" Discovers How to Heal Herself 3 Redesigning the Brain A Scientist Changes Brains to Sharpen Perception and Memory, Increase Speed of Thought, and Heal Learning Problems 4 Acquiring Tastes and Loves What Neuroplasticity Teaches Us About Sexual Attraction and Love 5 Midnight Resurrections Stroke Victims Learn to Move and Speak Again 6 Brain Lock Unlocked Using Plasticity to Stop Worries, OPsessions, Compulsions, and Bad Habits 7 Pain The Dark Side of Plasticity 8 Imagination How Thinking Makes It So 9 Turning Our Ghosts into Ancestors Psychoanalysis as a Neuroplastic Therapy 10 Rejuvenation The Discovery of the Neuronal Stem Cell and Lessons for Preserving Our Brains 11 More than the Sum of Her Parts A Woman Shows Us How Radically Plastic the Brain Can Be Appendix 1 The Culturally Modified Brain Appendix 2 Plasticity and the Idea of Progress Note to the Reader All the names of people who have undergone neuroplastic transformations are real, except in the few places indicated, and in the cases of children and their families. The Notes and References section at the end of the book includes comments on both the chapters and the appendices. Preface This book is about the revolutionary discovery that the human brain can change itself, as told through the stories of the scientists, doctors, and patients who have together brought about these astonishing transformations. -
It's a Golden
It’s A Golden Age Miracles happen, and emotional plasticity may be one of them. A few years ago, I met with a warm, fatherly psychiatrist to explain the science and methods of EBT. During our conversation, there came a moment when words failed me. I suggested that he try one of the tools, and he demurred, so I volunteered to demonstrate the technique. I had not been aware of how stressed I was at the time – that I feared that I would never get this method out and would go to my grave with the tools still inside me. However, in the warm womb of his comfy office, I launched into using a tool. I fired up anger that sported a few expletives, made a brief pass through sadness with tears sparkling in my eyes, next touched on fear, and then on guilt. At that point, the bottom of my reptilian brain opened up. I had unlocked a previously unconscious, completely unreasonable expectation that had taken up residence in my brain. Perfect! Moments later, I had switched that expectation to a reasonable one of my choosing, and a burst of dopamine, oxytocin, and endorphins came over me. I was in joy! All of this had taken less than four minutes. He sat quietly. I had no idea what he would say. Then he gazed straight into my eyes and said, “Nothing in my 40 years of psychiatry has prepared me to explain what I just observed.” Through his eyes, my use of the tools must have seemed strange in two ways. -
22 Neuronal Plasticity Prize of the Fondation Ipsen: Helen J. Neville, Isabelle Peretz and Robert J. Zatorre Awarded for Their
Press release 22nd Neuronal Plasticity Prize of the Fondation Ipsen: Helen J. Neville, Isabelle Peretz and Robert J. Zatorre awarded for their pioneering research into the domain of “Music and Brain Plasticity” Paris (France), 19 July 2011 – The 22nd annual Neuronal Plasticity Prize of the Fondation Ipsen has been awarded to Helen J. Neville (University of Oregon, Eugene, USA), Isabelle Peretz (Brams – University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada) and Robert J. Zatorre (Montreal Neurological Institute and Brams Laboratory, Montreal, Canada, USA) for their pioneering research in the domain of “Music and Brain Plasticity”. The €60,000 prize was awarded on July 15, 2011 by an international jury1 led by Professor Nikos Logothetis (Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany) at the 8th International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) World Congress of Neuroscience, Florence, Italy. About the laureates Helen J. Neville is currently The Robert and Beverly Lewis Endowed Chair and Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Director of the Brain Development Lab, and Director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Oregon in Eugene. Her work experience includes Director of the Laboratory for Neuropsychology at the Salk Institute. She has published in many journals such as Nature, Nature Neuroscience, Journal of Neuroscience, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cerebral Cortex and Brain Research and has made a DVD about the brain for non-scientists. She has received many honors like being elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Board of Governors of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, the Academic Panel of Birth to Three and is active in many educational outreach programs. -
Leopoldina News 05
Leopoldina news 5|2017 Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – German National Academy of Sciences Halle (Saale), 10 Oktober 2017 Genome editing: Medicine of the future? The Annual Assembly of the Leopoldina discusses aspects of genome editing SYMPOSIUM P. 2 ANNUAL ASSEMBLY P. 3-5 FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME P. 8 Science and society Cutting-edge research Studies on chemistry in dialogue on genome editing and neurobiology What next after the New molecular genetic Postdocs spend two years March for Science? methods discussed working in California 05|2017 // LEOPOLDINA NEWS 2 Editorial Dear Members and Friends of the Leopoldina, “Quo vadis, Providing po- liticians with science communication?” science-based advice is a core What next after the March for Science? function of the Leopoldina. Its experts and ex- pertise are in greater demand than ever when it comes to political decision-making. Yet at the same time, science and politics do not always communicate with one another in suf- ficient depth: the politicians would -of ten like more recommendations for di- rect, concrete action. Scientists, on the other hand, sometimes feel that they are not being consulted or listened to enough. So how might we reconcile expecta- tions and potential whilst maintaining a sense of balance? What opportu- Scientific expertise can be very beneficial when discussing social issues. This is evident from the large nities exist for incorporating scienti- number of conferences and symposia held – not least by the Leopoldina. Photo: David Ausserhofer fic knowledge – with an awareness of political processes and timeframes Scientists from all over the world took to to exist? If we are to obtain answers to and precisely because of this – in de- the streets on 22 April to join the March these questions, then there needs to be a mocratic discourse? And how can for Science. -
Targeting Trends Reporting the Latest News in Molecular Surgery
Jan-Feb-Mar 2013 Volume 14, Issue 1 Targeting Trends Reporting the latest news in Molecular Surgery Role of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens and their involvement in schizophrenic pathology Contributed by François LaPlante. Dept of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada A post-mortem reduction in the density of targeting choline acetyltransferase (anti-ChAT- cholinergic interneurons in the ventral striatum SAP; Cat. #IT-42), microinjected bilaterally or nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) has been (250-ng/side) into the N.Acc. of adult Sprague- Inside this issue: reported in schizophrenic brains.1,2 In this Dawley rats. We found a localized and selective Targeting Topics region the cholinergic interneurons interact 40-50% loss of cholinergic interneurons Scientific References 3 anatomically and functionally with the (minimum two weeks post-lesion) with sparing dopaminergic nerve terminals notably to of adjacent areas.3 Similarly, the toxin infusion Targeting Talk dampen the effects of excessive dopamine resulted in a 34% reduced tissue level of Spring Brain Conference 5 activity. We hypothesized that the lower level acetylcholine in the N.Acc. Targeting Tools of cholinergic neurons and subsequently the We have previously shown that partial Featured Products 7 acetylcholine release in the N.Acc may be depletion of cholinergic neurons resulted in relevant to the enhanced (ventral) striatal heightened behavioral sensitivity to Targeting Teaser dopaminergic neurotransmission, well- amphetamine and impaired sensorimotor Word Quiz 8 described in schizophrenia, and may contribute function3 analogous to those seen in to the emergence of schizophrenic symptoms. schizophrenia. Recently we observed that such The purpose of our work is to reproduce in lesions also significantly impaired performance rats the selective reduction of cholinergic in a T-maze task, a measurement of working Newsletter interneurons in the N.Acc. -
View (E50) Sherif Badawy, Lisa Kuhns
JMIR mHealth and uHealth Mobile and tablet apps, ubiquitous and pervasive computing, wearable computing and domotics for health Volume 5 (2017), Issue 4 ISSN: 2291-5222 Contents Original Papers Usability of a Novel Mobile Health iPad App by Vulnerable Populations (e43) David Miller Jr, Kathryn Weaver, L Case, Donald Babcock, Donna Lawler, Nancy Denizard-Thompson, Michael Pignone, John Spangler. 3 Processes and Recommendations for Creating mHealth Apps for Low-Income Populations (e41) Laura Stephan, Eduardo Dytz Almeida, Raphael Guimaraes, Antonio Ley, Rodrigo Mathias, Maria Assis, Tiago Leiria. 14 Immediate Mood Scaler:Tracking Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Novel Mobile Mood Scale (e44) Mor Nahum, Thomas Van Vleet, Vikaas Sohal, Julie Mirzabekov, Vikram Rao, Deanna Wallace, Morgan Lee, Heather Dawes, Alit Stark-Inbar, Joshua Jordan, Bruno Biagianti, Michael Merzenich, Edward Chang. 23 Development and Testing of the MyHealthyPregnancy App: A Behavioral Decision Research-Based Tool for Assessing and Communicating Pregnancy Risk (e42) Tamar Krishnamurti, Alexander Davis, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Baruch Fischhoff, Yoel Sadovsky, Hyagriv Simhan. 38 Technology Use and Preferences for Mobile Phone±Based HIV Prevention and Treatment Among Black Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Exploratory Research (e46) Ian Holloway, Terrell Winder, Charles Lea III, Diane Tan, Donte Boyd, David Novak. 49 Texting and Mobile Phone App Interventions for Improving Adherence to Preventive Behavior in Adolescents: A Systematic Review (e50) Sherif Badawy, Lisa Kuhns. 64 User Interest in Digital Health Technologies to Encourage Physical Activity: Results of a Survey in Students and Staff of a German University (e51) Annett Salzwedel, Sophie Rabe, Thomas Zahn, Julia Neuwirth, Sarah Eichler, Kathrin Haubold, Anne Wachholz, Rona Reibis, Heinz Völler. -
Eric Kandel's Personal Collection.)
IN SEARCH OF MEMORY The Emergence of a New Science of Mind ERIC R. KANDEL Copyright © 2006 ISBN 0-393-05863-8 POUR DENISE CONTENTS Preface xi ONE 1. Personal Memory and the Biology of Memory Storage 3 2. A Childhood in Vienna 12 3. An American Education 33 TWO 4. One Cell at a Time 53 5. The Nerve Cell Speaks 74 6. Conversation Between Nerve Cells 90 7. Simple and Complex Neuronal Systems 103 8. Different Memories, Different Brain Regions 116 9. Searching for an Ideal System to Study Memory 135 10. Neural Analogs of Learning 150 THREE 11. Strengthening Synaptic Connections 165 12. A Center for Neurobiology and Behavior 180 13. Even a Simple Behavior Can Be Modified by Learning 187 14. Synapses Change with Experience 198 15. The Biological Basis of Individuality 208 16. Molecules and Short-Term Memory 221 17. Long-Term Memory 240 18. Memory Genes 247 19. A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses 201 FOUR 20. A Return to Complex Memory 279 21. Synapses Also Hold Our Fondest Memories 286 22. The Brain's Picture of the External World 295 23. Attention Must Be Paid! 307 FIVE 24. A Little Red Pill 319 25. Mice, Men, and Mental Illness 335 26. A New Way to Treat Mental Illness 352 27. Biology and the Renaissance of Psychoanalytic Thought 363 28. Consciousness 376 SIX 29. Rediscovering Vienna via Stockholm 393 30. Learning from Memory: Prospects 416 Glossary 431 Notes and Sources 453 Acknowledgments 485 Index 489 PREFACE Understanding the human mind in biological terms has emerged as the central challenge for science in the twenty-first century. -
Michael Paul Stryker
BK-SFN-NEUROSCIENCE_V11-200147-Stryker.indd 372 6/19/20 2:19 PM Michael Paul Stryker BORN: Savannah, Georgia June 16, 1947 EDUCATION: Deep Springs College, Deep Springs, CA (1964–1966) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, BA (1968) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, PhD (1975) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Postdoctoral (1975–1978) APPOINTMENTS: Assistant Professor of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco (1978–1983) Associate Professor of Physiology, UCSF (1983–1987) Professor of Physiology, UCSF (1987–present) Visiting Professor of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford, England (1987–1988) Co-Director, Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF (1988–1994) Chairman, Department of Physiology, UCSF (1994–2005) Director, Markey Program in Biological Sciences, UCSF (1994–1996) William Francis Ganong Endowed Chair of Physiology, UCSF (1995–present) HONORS AND AWARDS (SELECTED): W. Alden Spencer Award, Columbia University (1990) Cattedra Galileiana (Galileo Galilei Chair) Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy (1993) Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1999) Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2002) Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (2009) Pepose Vision Sciences Award, Brandeis University (2012) RPB Stein Innovator Award, Research to Prevent Blindness (2016) Krieg Cortical Kudos Discoverer Award from the Cajal Club (2018) Disney Award for Amblyopia Research, Research to Prevent Blindness (2020) Michael Stryker’s laboratory demonstrated the role of spontaneous neural activity as distinguished from visual experience in the prenatal and postnatal development of the central visual system. He and his students created influential and biologically realistic theoretical mathematical models of cortical development. He pioneered the use of the ferret for studies of the central visual system and used this species to delineate the role of neural activity in the development of orientation selectivity and cortical columns. -
RFS Briefings July 15, 2016
RFS Briefings July 15, 2016 _______________________________________________________ MacArthur to Give $100 Million to 1 Group to Solve 1 Big Problem, philanthropy.com, June 2, 2016 “Dream big,” says the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to organizations that are pitching proposals on how to solve any of the world’s biggest problems in order to win a single $100 million grant through the competition 100%Change. The goal? “To find ideas that would ‘significantly mitigate a major problem or seize a compelling opportunity,’” according to Julia Stasch, the new leader of the MacArthur Foundation. The prize is open to all organizations with a proven solution to any major social problem. The application deadline is September 2, 2016. Read more. How We Became Human, live.newscientist.com, May 30, 2016 Do you ever wonder what makes us human? Alice Roberts, professor at University of Birmingham, has spent years exploring this very question. She has looked deep inside the human body, looked back in time to discover how we as humans have evolved to the way we are, followed the ancestral journeys which led to humans emerging from their homeland of Africa to colonize the globe, and she’s even had her own brain scanned and 3D printed to see if she can find any clues there. Are you ready to hear all of Professor Roberts’ discoveries and find out where you came from? Hear Professor Roberts speak at Scientist Live, a four-day festival of ideas and discovery in London on September 22-25, 2016. Read more. Whitehall Foundation Invites LOIs for Bioscience Research Projects, philanthropynewsdigest.com, June 3, 2016 The Whitehall Foundation, which assists scholarly research in the life sciences through its research grants and grants-in-aid programs, is accepting Letters of Intent (LOI). -
3 25Th Annual Puerto Rico Neuroscience Conference
25TH ANNUAL PUERTO RICO NEUROSCIENCE CONFERENCE Invited Speakers Dr. Nancy Kanwisher, ProFessor @ MIT-Department oF Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Investigator @ MIT- McGovern Institute For Brain Research. Title: Functional Specificity in the Human Brain. Host: University oF Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras Dr. Paul Vezina ProFessor Department oF Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience The University oF Chicago Title: PKC signaling and enhanced responding to stimulant drugs Host: Ponce Health Sciences University Dr. Baljit S. Khakh, ProFessor oF Physiology and Neurobiology David GeFFen School oF Medicine at UCLA. Title: Astrocyte functions in neural circuits Host: Universidad Central del Caribe Dr. Michael Merzenich FRANCIS A. SOOY PROFESSOR Executive Chairman, ChieF ScientiFic OFFicer, Posit Science Corporation 2016 Kavil Prize Award with Karla Shatz and Eve Marder Title: Brain Plasticity-based Therapeutics Host: University oF Puerto Rico-School oF Medicine 3 About the invited Speakers Dr. Michael Merzenich Dr. Michael Merzenich, PhD, is one oF the scientists responsible For our current understanding oF brain plasticity–the notion that the brain can change itselF at any age. For nearly Five decades, he and his colleagues have conducted seminal research deFining the Functional organization oF the auditory and somatosensory nervous systems. Research on cortical plasticity conducted in his laboratory has greatly contributed to our current understanding oF the phenomenology oF brain plasticity across the human liFetime. Dr. Merzenich has received numerous prestigious awards and prizes For his research and holds nearly 100 patents For his work. He is a member oF both the National Academy oF Sciences and the Institute oF Medicine. In 2016, Dr. Merzenich was awarded one oF the world’s top neuroscience prizes, the Kavli Prize, For his achievements in the Field oF brain plasticity. -
National-Academies-Letter.Pdf
July 6, 2009 Dear Governor Schwarzenegger: The three hundred signers of this letter write to you as members of the US National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, and as professors at the University of California to express our deep concern about the latest round of proposed cuts to the UC budget. Current proposals being weighed by your office and the Legislature call for a 19% reduction from 2007-8 levels in state support for UC, producing an $800 million shortfall in the UC budget for the 2009-10 fiscal year. This will lead to increases in student fees, reductions in pay or furloughs for faculty and staff, and cuts in virtually all University services. These cuts will be devastating to every part of the University’s mission, but as scientists and engineers we are particularly concerned about their effects on the future of science and technology in California. While we recognize that our state faces an unprecedented financial crisis, the proposed cuts come on top of a decades-long trend of declining state support for the University of California. The situation has reached a breaking point. Further cuts of the magnitude being contemplated in the latest round of budget proposals are likely to destroy UC’s status as the leading public university in the United States. This would undermine prospects for economic recovery and damage California’s competitiveness for decades. Before making a decision in the heat of a crisis that will have negative consequences for decades to come, we ask that you consider the following: • It is estimated that 85% of per capita economic growth in the United States is due to technological change1, and the University of California has been a leading driver of that change. -
The Enchanted Loom: a History of Research on the Brain with a Select Who’S Who in Neurology, Neuroscience and Neuropsychology
The Enchanted Loom: A History of Research on the Brain with a Select Who’s Who in Neurology, Neuroscience and Neuropsychology Charles J. Vella, PhD January 27, 2016 www.charlesjvellaphd.com All of my lectures in PDF files In Ollie Brain Class section of my website: www.charlesjvellaphd.com Or in the OLLIE Google Drive: https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B- 99S2HCCnmMVDZkdDJxT3htdkk&usp=sharing Email: [email protected] Enchanted Loom: The Brain And God… 4000, BC: First written mention of the Brain The first known writing about brain function is found in ancient Sumerian records dated around 4000, BC. The anonymous writer describes euphoric mind- altering effect of ingesting the common poppy. 2500 BC: Egyptians Egyptians believed that the heart was the most important body organ. The Book of the Dead, which instructs that a dead man's heart must be weighed against feathers to determine the balance of good to evil it contains. The brain, on the other hand, is considered a minor, unimportant organ. They discard it during the embalming process even as they ceremoniously preserve other organs for mummification. Egyptian Mummification: No Canopic Jar: Brain was worthless Egyptian method used to remove brain in mummification Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus by Imhotep, 1700 B.C. “Brain” in First written record about brain Hieroglyphic anatomy: 27 head injury cases Brain mentioned 7 times Case 6: TBI, brain convolutions, meninges, CS fluid Spinal Cord Injury in Assyria, 600 BC Midthoracic spinal cord injury = flaccid paralysis Machu Picchu: Neurological Procedure Neolithic Neurology: Trephination Trephination: as early as 13,000 years ago in Morocco; Egyptians used it around 4,000 years ago, as did pre-Inca groups living in South America 1,000 years ago.