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INDEX Aaron, 62, 124 Ajatasattu, King, 25, 26, 42, 187–189, 216 abba (father), 52, 59, 96 Aj ita Kesakambala, 26 ‘Abbas, 148, 152, 177, 197, 203 Aj ivakas, 116 ‘Abd al-Muttalib, 54, 55 al-‘Uzza, 36, 101 ‘Abdallah ibn Ubayy, 153, 198, 201, 202 al-Amin, 56, 75 ‘Abdallah, son of Muhammad, 174 Alara Kalama, 69, 94, 135, 214 ‘Abdullah ibn Jahsh, 199 Alexander the Great, 29, 38, 50, ‘Abdullah, father of Muhammad, 54, 55 al-Fatiha, 100–103, 106, 239 A braham, 9, 14, 37, 40, 49, 54, 58, 72, Ali, 16, 21, 57, 127, 148, 152, 156, 159, 87, 104, 109–112, 124, 125, 144, 153, 162, 174, 175, 181, 197, 198, 200, 154, 173, 226, 229, 232, 242, 243 201, 229, 237, 241 A bu al-‘As, 57, 174 al-Kindi, 123 A bu Bakr, 13, 21, 122, 125, 148, 149–152, All akappa, 216 156, 159, 162, 175, 180, 197, 198, al-Lat, 36, 101 200, 226–229, 232, 234, 241 Al-Maghtas, 85 A bu Jahl, 150 al-Masjid al-Aqsa, 124 A bu Lahab, 57, 148–151, 157, 174, 196, al-Muwatta, 15 240 al-Sadiq, 56, 75 A bu Sufyan, 177, 200–204 al-Siddiq, 148 A bu Talib, 55–58, 60, 61, 124, 148, 150, al-Tabari, 14, 21, 101, 124, 125, 176, 177, 151, 157, 174, 180, 196, 208, 240 251 A bu Ubayda, 229 COPYRIGHTED al-Uzza MATERIAL, 36 A byssinia, 37, 148–150, 157, 175, 177, al-Waqidi, 14 204 Ambapali, 168 A dam, 14, 49, 103, 104, 112, 124 Amina, 54, 55, 58, 174, 180 adultery, 50, 62, 172, 173, 176 Amitabha, 217 A enon, 74 Amos, 98 Ag ni, 26 Ananda, 2, 18, 136–138, 156, 159, 165, ahimsa, 27 166, 181, 182, 188, 213–217, 230 Buddha, Jesus and Muhammad: A Comparative Study, First Edition. Paul Gwynne. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 256 INDEX Anathapindika, 140 Bar Kokhba, 62 anatta, 90–92, 108, 111, Barabbas, 220, 221 Andrew, 141, 145, 146, 155, 156, 161, Baraka, 5 4, 55, 148 195 Baranasi, 70, 135, 140 anicca, 90 Bartholomew, 20, 145 Annas, 220 Bartimaeus, 155 A nnunciation, the, 50 Bathsheba, 62 A notatta, Lake, 46 Bedouins, 34–36, 39, 54, 55, 58, 59, 61, ansar, 152, 198, 199 174, 180 A ntioch, 9 Beelzebul, 121, 191 A ntipater, 30 beloved disciple, the, 146, 161, 169, 183, A nuruddha, 114, 116, 136, 137, 215 222, 223 Ap ollonius of Tyana, 132 Benares, see Baranasi ‘Aqaba, 152, 196, 197 Bethany, 85, 142, 143, 172, 225 A rafat, 227 Bethlehem, 49, 51–52, 63 arama, 140 Bhaddakaccana, see Yasodhara A ramaic, 8, 30, 49, 53, 61, 96 Bhaddiya, 47, 135 A rchelaus, 30, 51 Bhalluka, 134, 140 A risteas of Proconnesus, 132 Bhatta, 45 A ristobulus II, 30 bhikkhu, 135, 137–140, 159, 190 A ristotle, 29 bhikkhuni, 166–168 A rk of the Covenant, 41 Bilal, 149, 162 A ryan peoples, 24, 25, 45 Bimba, see Yasodhara A sadullah, 148 Bimbadevi, see Yasodhara A sclepius, 120 Bimbisara, King, 25, 26, 44, 68, 69, 83, A shoka, 6, 17, 207, 216, 217, 231 136, 140, 168, 186–188, 205, 207, ashramas, 182 242 ‘Ashura, 153, 154 Black Stone, 36, 57, 58, 196, 205 A shvaghosha, 4, 5, 62 Boanerges, 146 A sita, 47, 48, 60, 62, 239 Bodhgaya, 25, 38, 70, 80, 82, 84, 134, A ssaji, 47, 135, 136 135, 139, 140 astika, 27 bodhi tree, 70, 71, 85 A thanasius, 53, 64 Bostra, 55, 56, 60 A thronges, 33 Brahma, 46, 71, 108, 117, 128, 135 atman, 27, 40, 90, 108 Brahman, 27, 40, 90, 108 A ugustus, 29, 30, 39, 50, 51, 194 Brahmanism, 25, 27, 41, 108, 136, 137, A vanti, 24, 25 165–168, 240 avasa, 140 Brahmin class, 24, 26, 42, 45, 47, 116, avatar, 41 136, 187, 216 A ws tribe, 151–153, 196, 197, 202 Buddha, ayat, 12, 126 assassination attempts, 189, 207, 242 death and cremation, 212–218 Ba‘al, 128 d escent from heaven, 116, 117, 124, Bacon, Francis, 125 128, 240 Badr, battle of, 123, 174, 176, 177, 200, Enlightenment, 4, 25, 46, 67–70, 80, 83, 201, 210 92–94, 115, 116, 159, 186, 205, 214, Bahira, 55, 56, 60, 239 215, 232, 233 Bahrain, 204 fi rst followers, 134–140 INDEX 257 historical quest, 5, 6 David, King, 9, 33, 49, 58, 62, 63, 191, infancy stories, 44–48 195, 205, 225, 242 marks, 47, 60, 62 Day of Atonement, see Yom Kippur marriage, 48 Day of Judgement, 21, 100, 107 miracles, 114–118 Dead Sea, 29, 32, 41, 85, 204 p rincipal teachings, 88–94 Decapolis, 30, 141, 144 relics, 216, 229, 231 Devadatta, 26, 137, 188–190, 207, 234, the Renunciation, 67, 163–165, 181, 242 186, 240 dhamma, 82, 116, 130, 135–139, 154– Buddhacarita, 3–5, 14, 18, 19, 46, 48, 80 158, 167, 168, 181, 186–190 Buddhaghosa, 115, 131 dharma, see dhamma Buraq, 124, 133 Diogenes of Sinope, 30 Byzantine Empire, 12, 35, 37–39, 204 Dionysius Exiguus, 30 Dipankara, Buddha, 4 Caesarea Philippi, 30 Ditch, battle of the, 201 Caiaphas, 191, 220 divine ear, 115 cakkavatti, 185, 205, 209, 242 divine eye, 115, 116 caliph, 13, 14, 174, 229, 232, 234, 241 divorce, 159, 172, 181, 192 Calvary, see Golgotha Dona, 216 Cana, 20, 118, 169, 172 d owry, 26, 174, 179, 182, 241 Canaan, 28, 101 Druze, 37 Canaanite woman, the, 118, 144 dukkha, 89, 90, 93 Capernaum, 74, 118, 119, 132, 142, 146, 147 Egyptian Prophet, the, 33, 195 Carmel, Mount, 128 Eliakim, 147 caste, Hindu, see varna Elijah, 32, 72–74, 82, 120, 122, 128, 142, celibacy, 28, 30, 32, 52, 139, 165–168, 153, 155, 240 180, 181, 241 Elisha, 32, 120, 128, 142, 155, 240 Celsus, 50 Elizabeth, 8, 50 Cephas, 146, 170, 173, 224 . See also Emmaus, 224 Peter Enoch, 124 Channa, 67, 68 Epicureanism, 29 Christ (title), 146, 193, 194, 233, 244 . See Essenes, 31–33, 170 also Messiah Eve, 103 Cinycamanavika, 166 Exodus, 32, 52, 120, 121, 128, 152, 195, community, Islamic, see ’umma 197 Constitution of Medina, 197, 202 exorcism, 118–122, 127–129, 195 Council, the First Buddhist, 2, 26, 138, Ezekiel, 40 159, 217 craving, see tanha Fa Hsien, 62 crucifi xion, 33, 173, 221–223, 226, Fakhita, 56 230–233 Farewell Sermon, 227, 230, 243 Cunda, 214 Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, 16, 57, Cynicism, 11, 21, 29, 30, 41, 241 64, 148, 174, 181, 184, 229 Fatima, sister of ‘Umar, 150 Daniel, 79, 194 fatra, 77, 78, 87 Dasa-raja-dhamma, 186, 187 Feast of the Sacrifi ce, 226, 232 daughters of Allah, 36 Field of Blood, 219 258 INDEX Fire Sermon, 91 Hagar, 54 First Sermon, the 4, 80, 88, 135, 140, 155, h ajj, see pilgrimage, Islamic 212, 214 Halima, 55 , 58, 59, 174 fi ve factors of the self, see khandas Hamza, 55, 59, 148, 150, 151, 157, 200, fi ve pillars of Islam, 101, 105, 107, 158, 201, 203 227, 230, 239, 243 hanif, 37, 40, 75, 81, 82 food laws, 159, 191 Hanina, 32, 120 Four Noble Truths, 88–94, 107, 109, 115, Harith, 204 130, 186, 213, 239 Hasan, 174 Four Sights, 65–67, 80–82, 89, 165, 205, Hashim clan, 54, 55, 58, 150, 151, 196, 239 205 Friday prayer, 197 Hasmoneans, 30, 32 heavy rules for nuns, see garudhammas Gabbatha, 221 helpers, see ansar Gabriel, 8, 12, 50, 76, 79, 82, 84, 87, 100, Heraclius, 204 110, 124, 129, 169, 227, 239 Herod Antipas, 30, 42, 74, 83, 121, 141, Galilee, 1, 8, 21, 28–30, 33, 38, 51, 53, 146, 192, 220, 240 72, 74, 75, 81, 83, 95, 118, 119, 141, Herod the Great, 6, 8, 30, 31, 33, 49, 52, 147, 155, 191–193, 205, 220, 224, 60, 81, 169 238 Herodians, 192, 194 Galilee, Sea of, 29, 74, 118, 141, 172, 224 Herodias, 74 Ganda, 116 Hezekiah, 147 Gandhara, 62, 131, 182 High Priest, 30–32, 72, 170, 192, 194, Gandhi, 194 219, 220, 235 Ganges Plain, 1, 23–26, 39, 45, 207, 238 Hijra, 18, 122, 124, 150–154, 157, 158, Ganges River, 68, 69, 131, 213 174, 176, 197–199, 208, 240, 242 Garuda, 133 Hilf al-Fudul, 57 g arudhammas, 167 Hillel, 42, 160, 192 G ayasisa, 189, 190 Hind, 201, 203 g enealogy, 9, 14, 45, 49, 50, 58 Hira, Mount, 76, 77, 81, 87, 147, 239 Genesis, 54, 102, 171 Hirannyavati River, 214 Gerasene demoniac, 118, 132, 141, 195 Hiuen Tsiang, 62 Gethsemane, 219 Holy Spirit, 50, 51, 60, 79, 233 Ghadir al-Khumm, 162, 229, 234, 237 Honi the Circle Maker, 32, 120, 122 Ghassani, 204 Hosea, 72 g hazu, 35, 199 Hubal, 36 Gnostic Christianity, 7, 20, 170, 183 Hud, 37, 112 g olden calf, 101 Hudaybiyya, Treaty of, 202 Golgotha, 221, 232 hunafa, see hanif Gopa, see Yasodhara Husayn, 174 Gospel of Mary, 170 hypocrites, see munafi qun Gospel of Philip, 170 Hyrcanus II, 30 Great Miracle, 116, 128, 240 Gregory I, Pope, 172 Iblis, see Satan Gyutrulma, see Mahamaya Ibn Hisham, 14, 15 Ibn Ishaq, 14, 15, 18 hadith, 15, 16, 18 Ibn Kathir, 124 Hafsa bint ‘Umar, 13, 21, 151, 176, 177 Ibn Sa ’ d, 14, 101 INDEX 259 Ibn Ubayy, 153, 198, 201, 202 resurrection, 223–226, 233, 236, 244 Ibrahim, son of Muhammad, 126, 178, temptations, 73–74 228 trial and execution, 219–223 iddhi, 114–118 Jetavana Monastery, 25, 140, 166 idolatry, see shirk Jewish-Roman War, 34, 43 Idris, see Enoch Jibril, see Gabriel Idumea, 30 jinn, 36, 41, 76–79, 84, 101, 127, 148, ihram, 202 155 immaculate conception, 63 Joanna, 143, 172 impermanence, see anicca Job, 112, 132 incarnations of Vishnu, see avatar John the Baptist, 6, 8, 50, 71–75, 79, Indra, 46, 117, 128 81–84, 98, 124, 141, 146, 155, 195, Indus Valley, 24, 28 239 infanticide, 75, 167, 179, 182, 241 John the evangelist, 9, 10, 17, 18 Injil (gospel), 104 John, son of Zebedee, 20, 145, 146, 159, Isaac, 58, 63, 110, 112, 154 207, 219 Isaiah, 14, 40, 72, 193, 225, 233 Jonah, 112 Ishmael, 14, 54, 58, 110, 112, 154 Jordan River, 29, 33, 72–75, 82, 83, 85, Isipatana, see Sarnath 120, 239 isnad, 15, 22 Joseph of Arimathea, 223, 232 Isra ’ , 124 .