DOCSLIB.ORG

Declaration-Bibliography (Final)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Declaration-Bibliography (Final) The role of referendum and non-referendum mechanisms for state-framing processes by Pataramon Satalak LLB (Hons) Chulalongkorn University 2004 LLM Sheffield University 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN THE LAW SCHOOL, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM May 2018 Table of Contents DECLARATION 1 ABSTRACT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 TABLE OF CASES 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 8 1. GENERAL BACKGROUND 8 2. THE RESEARCH QUESTION 20 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25 3.1 DOCTRINAL RESEARCH 25 3.2 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 26 4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RESEARCH-REPUBLICAN LIBERAL THEORY 27 5. CONTRIBUTION TO THE FIELD 30 6. OVERVIEW OF CHAPTERS 32 CHAPTER 1 THE EXPRESSED WILL OF THE PEOPLE DURING THE EXTERNAL SELF- DETERMINATION PROCESS 35 1. INTRODUCTION 35 1.1 Legitimacy and legality in the law of secession 38 1.2 Moral reasoning and secession process 44 1.3 The inclusion of public participation into democratic governance 46 2. Colonial and post-colonial legal frameowrks for the right to self-determination 50 2.1 Self-determination as a process for legitimizing decolonization 50 2.2 Post-colonial legal frameworks for external self-determination 53 2.2.1 International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights 1966 53 2.2.2 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2625 55 2.2.3 Badinter Commission Framework 1991 57 2.2.4 The European Commission for democracy through law guideline 1999 59 3. Why use republican liberal theory to assess the practical application of external self- determination 61 3.1 Nationalist theory 61 3.2 Liberalist theory 63 3.3 Communitarian theory 64 3.4 Liberal nationalist theory 65 3.5 Republican liberal theory 66 4. Conclusion 69 CHAPTER 2 REFERENDUMS AS A MECHANISM FOR EXPRESSING EXTERNAL SELF- DETERMINATION 71 1. INTRODUCTION 71 2. THE TYPOLOGY OF INDEPENDENCE REFERENDUMS 78 2.1 CONSENSUAL-BASED REFERENDUMS 79 2.2 NON CONSENNSUAL-BASED REFERENDUMS 80 3. THE APPLICATION OF REPUBLICAN LIBERALISM TO REFERENDUM PROCESSES 81 3.1 CLEAR WORDING OF REFERENDUM QUESTIONS 82 3.1.1 BALLOT QUESTION WITH THE INFLUENCE OF ELITE-DRIVEN UNDERTAKINGS 88 3.1.2 BIASED AND MISLEADING QUESTIONS 91 3.1.3 FORMULATING QUESTIONS WITH NO “STATUS QUO” OPTIONS 102 3.2 MAJORITY AND MINORITY RELATIONS 104 3.2.1 MAJORITY RULE AND COUNTER-MAJORITARIAN DIFFICULTY 111 3.2.2 MINORITY INVOLVEMENT 117 3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF VOTERS 125 3.3.1 MONTENEGRO AND ITS CITIZENS RESIDING IN SERBIA 128 3.3.2 THE SCOTTISH REFERENDUM AND THE FRANCHISE RULE 131 3.3.3 SOUTHERN SUDAN AND THE EXTENDING SCOPE OF THE FRANCHISE RULE 133 3.3.4 WESTERN SAHARA AND LONG-TERM SETTLEMENT OF VOTER’S QUALIFICATIONS 136 3.4 HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNS 141 3.4.1 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 145 3.4.2 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 148 3.4.3 FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION 149 3.4.4 ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES, CIVIL SOCIETIES, AND THE MEDIA 152 3.5 THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 159 3.5.1 ADMINISTRATIVE ROLE 163 3.5.2 SUPERVISORY ROLE 171 3.5.3 ADVISORY ROLE 176 4. CONCLUSION 179 CHAPTER 3 NON-REFERENDUM MECHANISMS: EXTERNAL SELF-DETERMINATION AND REPRESENTATIVE BODIES 181 1. INTRODUCTION 181 2. THE TYPOLOGY OF CONSENSUAL AND NON-CONSENSUAL REPRESENTATIVE PROCESSES 189 3. THE APPLICATION OF REPUBLICAN LIBERALISM TO REPRESENTATIVE PROCESSES 192 3.1 THE NATURE OF THE ELECTION AND THE SUBSEQUENT ACTIONS OF THE ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES 194 3.1.1 CONSENSUAL ACTION IN NAMIBIA 197 3.1.2 NON-CONSENSUAL ACTION IN BANGLADESH 213 3.1.3 NON-CONSENSUAL ACTION IN CATALONIA 225 3.2 MAJORITY AND MINORITY RELATIONS 236 3.2.1 CZECHOSLOVAKIA: AN INSTANCE OF SECESSION AS A RESULT OF NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVE BODIES RATHER THAN DUE TO ANY PUBLIC DEMAND FOR INDEPENDENCE 240 3.2.2 KOSOVO AND THE ATTEMPT OF MINORITY POWERS TO PARTICIPATE IN DECISION- MAKING PROCESSES 246 3.3 PRE-VOTERS IDENTIFICATION 252 3.4 HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION AND PEOPLE’S FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS DURING ELECTIONS 257 3.4.1 POLITICAL PARTY, THE MEDIA, AND CIVIL SOCIETY’S FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 260 3.4.2 POLITICAL PARTY, THE MEDIA, AND CIVIL SOCIETY’S FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 264 3.4.3 POLITICAL PARTY, THE MEDIA, AND CIVIL SOCIETY’S FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION 266 3.5 THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 269 4. CONCLUSION 280 CHAPTER 4 NON-REFERENDUM MECHANISMS: EXTERNAL SELF-DETERMINATION AND THE MODEL OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION 283 1. INTRODUCTION 283 2. THE APPLICATION OF REPUBLICAN LIBERALISM TO THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESSES 289 2.1 INTERNATIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PUBLIC CONSULTATION 291 2.1.1 WEST PAPUA 292 2.1.2 BAHRAIN 303 2.2 EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE PEOPLE IN A PUBLIC CONSULTATION 311 2.3 HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION 316 3. CONCLUSION 325 CONCLUSION 328 BIBLIOGRAPHY 337 Declaration I confirm that the thesis is my own work. It has not been submitted in the same form for the award of a higher degree elsewhere. The content of this research is current as of 30 April 2017 Pataramon Satalak July 2017 1 Abstract This thesis presents how the ‘will of the people’ is legitimized in the practical application of external self-determination. Since international law recognizes people as political communities, if they are sufficiently knowledgeable and aware of their rights, their involvement can legitimize the actions of their governmental authority. In order for the people’s deliberations- or self-governance- to be considered legitimate, the expression of their will in territorial alteration decision-making processes must be continuous. Moreover it is necessary to have responsible institutional and legal frameworks to guarantee that the people’s will is both considered and put into action. Using republican liberal theory, this study will explore the importance of ordinary citizens in determining their territorial status. The theory foregrounds the right to participate in determining their own destiny, and suggests a number of practical ways in which democratic legitimacy can be achieved. In order that the people’s will be considered legitimate, republican liberalism promotes ongoing interactions between ordinary citizens, democratic mechanisms, institutions and legal instruments. In order to ensure that any self-determination process conforms to republican liberal theory’s requirements for legitimacy, the process must empower people both individually and collectively to participate. It must also ensure that all citizens are considered equal and have political equality, regardless of their ethnic, racial, religious or linguistic backgrounds. In addition, republican liberal theory stresses the power of the people to check and scrutinize governmental authorities, and addresses the importance of law (constitution or statutes) in guaranteeing that the will of the people is central to any political decision regarding their future status. 2 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. James Summers and Professor Steven Wheatley for all their academic and moral support. They have been supportive and generous with their time and advice. I would also like to thank my friends at Lancaster for all their help. A special mention must go to the Gould’s family, Sigrun Valderhaug Larsen and Miranda-Barty-Taylor who always encourage me and listen to everything during my PhD life. Thank you the Faculty of Political Sciences and Law and Burapha University, particularly the Dean in approving and awarding me a four-year expenses throughout the course of study. Finally, a special thank go to my parents, my colleagues and my closed friends in Thailand, in particular, Teerapong, Sakrit, Janewit, Umabhorn, and Chongrak. In addition, my grandfather and grandmother who passed away during the final six months of submission. Without them, this project would have been possible. This thesis is dedicated to them. 3 Table of Cases International Court of Justice Judgments and Advisory Opinions Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (2010) Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the provisional institutions of self-government of Kosovo (Written comments of the government of the Republic of Serbia), ICJ Reports (2009) Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the provisional institutions of self-government of Kosovo (Written statement of the government of the Republic of Serbia), ICJ Reports (2009) Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo (Written Contribution of the Republic of Kosovo), ICJ Reports (2009) Legal Consequences for states of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) Notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (1971) Western Sahara (Advisory Opinion), ICJ Reports (1975) Decisions of the European Courts of Human Rights Loizidou v Turkey (1996) EHRR (18 December 1996) Application no. 15318/89 Stankov and the United Macedonian organization Ilinden v Bulgaria (2001) ECtHR (2 October 2001) Application nos. 29221/95 and 29225/95 Decisions of the Human Rights Committee Fongum Gorji-Dinka v Cameroon (2002) HRC (14 March 2002) Communication No. 1134/2002 UN.Doc. CCPR/C/83/D/1134/2002 General Comment No. 23(50) (art.27)’ CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.5 (1994) General Comment No.25 (57) CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7 (1996) General Comment No.34 CCPR/C/GC/34 (2011) Gillot V. France (2002) HRC (15 July 2002) Communication No.932/2000 UN Doc. CCPR/C/75/D/932/2000 Decision of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights Angela Poma Poma v Peru (2009) ACHPR (27 March 2009) Communication No. 1457/2006 UN Doc CCPR/C/95/D/1457/2006 Endorois v Kenya (2009) ACHPR (25 November 2009) Communication No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • SHADES of NATIONALISM in the CONTEMPORARY ARAB WORLD : the ISLAMIC FACET. Sottor of 9^Ilo
    SHADES OF NATIONALISM IN THE CONTEMPORARY ARAB WORLD : THE ISLAMIC FACET. THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Sottor of 9^ilo£(09[)p - IN WEST ASIAN STUDIES (POLITICAL SCIENCE) •Y ZAMm AHMAD BHAT Und«r th« Supervision of Dr. FAZAL MAHMOOD CENTRE OF WEST ASIAN STUDIES AU6ARH MUSUM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2002 ,D1S fo^ "^.1 ^ ^-.t^' *&l^r- ( A. 1 .^ .IffM Ort^r. •.. T5915 •^ «1 n9 IS* ^/7 «i1 ^ C C «^ CENTRE OF WEST ASIAN STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002 (INDIA) Dated. 23./uAZ (llFrltftralr This is to Q@^^M e^tfee^is entitled "SHADES OF -' ^^.^'^^M*^: •"!'% NATIONAUSM IN THB CONTEMPORARY ARAB WORLD: THB-tS]!,»i|^^fimby'lVlR. ZAMIR AHMAD BHAT for t|ie a\Yard oSMi.T^. dpgjee ip. West Asian Studies (Political Scten^'e)\^s li^n #epare%tj|\df r|my supervision. This is his o^g4ia^i;^a^|nffj(^t%^-bfst,i^|^niy knowledge, it has not been^^*^44S"^^^y^Jtere-ejse for the award of any degree. -St . (Dr. Fazal Mahmood) Supervisor CONTENTS Page No. Acknowledgement and Preface i-v Chapter I: Introduction 1-18 Chapter II: Rise of Arab Nationalism and Impact of World War I 19-40 (A) Decline of Ottoman Empire 19-32 (B) The Arab Revolt of 1915 32-37 Chapter III: Arab Nationalism at the Advent of Twentieth Century 41-65 (A) Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani 41-46 (B) Muhammad Abduh 47-54 (C) Rashid Ridha 54-61 Chapter IV: Contemporary Islamic Political Activism 66-128 (A) Hasan Al-Banna 66-82 (B) Sayyid Qutb 83-102 (C) Abul Al'a Mawdudi 103-120 Chapter-V: Islamic Revolution of Iran and its Impact on West Asia 129-169 (A) Ayatullah Ruhullah Musavi Khomeini 129-152 (B) Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Law 2019 Lihiru Victoria.Pdf
    Participatory Constitutional Reforms vs. Realization of Equal Representation of Men and Women in the Parliaments: A Study of Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania By Victoria Melkisedeck Lihiru- LHRVIC001/1555440 Thesis Submitted for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHYTown in the Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law of the UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN. August 2019Cape of University Supervisor: Associate Professor Waheeda Amien The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University COPYRIGHT The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or noncommercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. i DECLARATION I, Victoria Melkisedeck Lihiru, hereby declare that the work on which this thesis is based is my original work (except where acknowledgments indicate otherwise) and that neither the whole work nor any part of it has been, is being, or is to be submitted for another degree in this or any other university. I authorise the university to reproduce for the purpose of research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever.
    [Show full text]
  • Covid-19 Set to Destroy the Trump Administration? Weekly 2 October 22 2020 1320 Worker LETTERS
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Marc Mulholland evaluates Karl n Letters and debate n Labour NEC elections Kautsky’s thesis on the nomadic n Scottish independence origins of class and state n Socialist Party (Netherlands) No 1320 October 22 2020 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 Covid-19 set to destroy the Trump administration? weekly 2 October 22 2020 1320 worker LETTERS really understand the problem that sugar Since the 1960s, public health bodies have law, for the exclusion of transsexuals from astronauts if they like, and I will do my Letters may have been shortened because of poses to public health, and the aetiology advised us that “the fundamental cause some ‘single-sex services’ - for instance, best to accommodate them. But not to the space. Some names of obesity, we need to move beyond of obesity and overweight is an energy in refuges and prisons. extent of signing in my blood that they may have been changed such notions from basic physics as the imbalance between calories consumed In the past two years there had been a actually are what they identify as … the first law of thermodynamics, caloric and calories expended” (World Health ‘consultation’ on the table from the Tory ‘self-identifying woman’s’ freedoms are density and so on, and appreciate that Organisation, April 1 2020). In other government, as part of their previous impinging on the freedoms of girls and Irrationality sugar and refined carbohydrates have words, from the point of view of obesity, efforts, begun under David Cameron, women to their own spaces, privacy and I have two corrections to claims made very specific biochemical effects on the the official scientific dogma is that a to show that they are ‘enlightened’ and self-expression.” by James Linney in his latest letter on human metabolism that the two other calorie is a calorie and the fundamental ‘modern’, to amend equalities and gender- So here we see a rather strange the subject of obesity (October 15).
    [Show full text]
  • IPSOS MORI SCOTTISH POLITICAL MONITOR February 2021
    IPSOS MORI SCOTTISH POLITICAL MONITOR February 2021 © Ipsos | Doc Name | Month Year | Version # | Public | Internal/Client Use Only | Strictly Confidential VOTING INTENTION © Ipsos | Doc Name | Month Year | Version # | Public | Internal/Client Use Only | Strictly Confidential Holyrood Voting Intention: Constituency Vote How do you intend to use your first (constituency) vote in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election? Headline voting intention All with a voting intention SNP 52% SNP 52% Conservative 23% Conservative 22% Labour 15% Labour 15% Lib Dems 5% Lib Dems 6% Green Party 3% Green Party 3% Other 2% Other 2% SNP lead = +29 SNP lead = +30 Base: 1,031 Scottish adults 16+,15-21 February 2021; Headline voting intention: all expressing a voting intention and 9 or 10/10 likely to vote (761); All with a voting intention: all expressing a voting Source: Ipsos MORI Scottish Political Monitor intention (907). Margin of error is displayed at +/- 4%. All polls are subject to a wide range of potential sources of error. On the basis of the historical record of the polls at recent general elections, there is a 9 in 10 chance that the true value of a party’s support lies within 4 points of the estimates provided by this poll, and a 2 in 3 chance that they lie within 2 points. This is especially important to keep in mind when calculating party lead figures. 3 © Ipsos | Ipsos MORI Scottish Political Monitor | February 2021 | Public Holyrood Voting Intention: List Vote How do you intend to use your second (list) vote in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election? Headline voting intention All with a voting intention SNP 47% SNP 47% Conservative 22% Conservative 21% Labour 14% Labour 14% Green Party 8% Green Party 8% Lib Dems 6% Lib Dems 7% Other 3% Other 3% SNP lead = +25 SNP lead = +26 Base: 1,031 Scottish adults 16+, 15-21 February 2021; Headline voting intention: all expressing a voting intention and 9 or 10/10 likely to vote (767); All with a voting intention: all expressing a voting Source: Ipsos MORI Scottish Political Monitor intention (920).
    [Show full text]
  • The American Perceptions of Colonial Korea (1910−1945)
    Representing the Invisible: The American Perceptions of Colonial Korea (1910−1945) Jimin Kim Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Science COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Jimin Kim All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Representing the Invisible: The American Perceptions of Colonial Korea (1910−1945) Jimin Kim This study argues that American views of Korea during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945) shaped U.S. policy toward Korea in the colonial period and after, setting the stage for direct U.S. involvement in Korea‘s post-liberation years after 1945. Korean nationalists perceived the U.S. as a special ally and a model country, and expected it to play a positive role in resolving Korea‘s colonial status. In fact, American views of Korea in the early twentieth century were mixed, and depended greatly on the respective observers‘ relationship to Korea—whether as missionary, as scholar, or as diplomat. At the same time, Japan played a crucial role in mediating American views, reflecting the Asia colonizer‘s interest in winning international approval for its imperialist project. When Korean-American diplomatic relations began in the late nineteenth century, Americans observers typically regarded Korea as an uncivilized but distinct Asian country. This perception of backwardness persisted into the early twentieth century, even as Korea lost its status as a nation-state with the Japanese annexation of 1910. Awareness of Japanese subjugation of Korea would expand significantly in the period 1919-1922, as journalists and missionaries conveyed news of the March First Movement to the American public and Korean nationalists countered Japanese government efforts to influence international opinion.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Political Monitor - Wave 3 Holyrood Elections Polling 23 Feb 2021 Table 1 SP Vote1a/B/C
    Page 1 Scottish Political Monitor - Wave 3 Holyrood Elections Polling 23 Feb 2021 Table 1 SP_VOTE1a/b/c. CONSTITUENCY - COMBINED VOTING INTENTION - ALL In elections for the Scottish Parliament you have two votes. Your first vote is for a member to represent the constituency. If there were elections to the Scottish Parliament tomorrow, how would you use your first vote?/Which party are you most inclined to support? Base : All UnW Total Gender Identity Age Social class Work status Work Sector Qualifications Total Work Work 65 55 -ing -ing Not Degree or or full part work Priv Pub- No Other or Male Female 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 more 16-34 35-54 more AB C1 C2 DE ABC1 C2DE time time -ing -ate lic quals quals higher Total Unweighted Total 1031 479 552 120 158 144 173 188 248 278 317 436 226 375 217 170 601 387 441 126 464 295 241 152 532 324 1031 Weighted Total 1031 490 541 118 180 148 188 164 234 297 336 398 219 303 182 286 521 468 459 112 460 415 137 153 539 318 1031 Total Voting (sub-base) 907 444 463 96 144 130 167 149 220 240 298 369 206 270 156 240 476 396 408 94 404 366 119 136 458 295 914 Scottish Conservative and Unionist 198 98 101 5 18 25 33 30 86 24 58 116 48 58 39 45 106 84 69 20 109 73 14 51 91 52 209 22% 22% 22% 6% 13% 19% 20% 20% 39% 10% 20% 31% 23% 22% 25% 19% 22% 21% 17% 21% 27% 20% 12% 37% 20% 18% 23% Scottish Labour 133 64 69 18 14 24 24 22 33 31 48 54 31 31 30 34 62 64 57 16 61 51 20 29 63 38 142 15% 15% 15% 19% 9% 19% 14% 15% 15% 13% 16% 15% 15% 12% 19% 14% 13% 16% 14% 17% 15% 14% 17% 21% 14% 13% 16% Scottish Liberal
    [Show full text]
  • Candidates in Wales? Description
    Candidates Candidates Candidates Regulated Entity Name Description In England? In Scotland? In Wales? A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Avoid Corruption A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Business Equity A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Defend Britain A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Delivery Justice A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Elderly Care A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Environmental Economics A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Future Prosperity A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to House Britain A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Regulate Banking A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Reward Efforts A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Secure Democracy A Better Way to Govern TRUE TRUE TRUE A Better Way to Universal Education Abolish the Scottish Parliament Party FALSE TRUE FALSE Abolish Scottish Parliament - Services not Salaries Abolish the Scottish Parliament Party FALSE TRUE FALSE Abolish Scottish Parliament - Maintain the Union Abolish the Scottish Parliament Party FALSE TRUE FALSE Abolish Scottish Parliament - No Second Referendum Abolish the Scottish Parliament Party FALSE TRUE FALSE Abolish Scottish Parliament - We've Had Enough Abolish the Scottish Parliament Party FALSE TRUE FALSE Abolish Scottish Parliament Party - Abolish Holyrood Abolish the Scottish Parliament Party FALSE TRUE FALSE Abolish Holyrood - Abolish
    [Show full text]
  • Esrind 0 0 0
    Five Five of S;olida rity Edited by INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS The bonds of friendship between India and Namibia are, indeed, unique. They were forged at a time when India was not yet fully independent and Namibia, then called the mandated territory of South West Africa, was threatened with extinction as a separate entity. India took the lead in preventing the incorporation of South West Africa by its mandatory power, the Union of South Africa at the very first session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946. Since then, India never wavered in her determination to secure full independence for the people of Namibia, bending all her efforts and her resources to this end. The documents presented in this collection have been selected with a view to highlight the distinct stages in the evolution of Namibia's nationhood and to bring into focus the principled and consistent support extended by India to the people of Namibia through their long and arduous struggle. A new chapter opened with Namibia's independence and the solidarity between the people of India and Namibia now gets strength through bilateral agreements and reciprocal visits at high levels., ISBN: 81-224-0772-2 Namibia-India Five Decades of Solidarity Edited by T G Ramamurthi INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS NEW DELHI & NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, PUBLISHERS WILEY EASTERN LIMITED NEW DELHI o BANGALORE o BOMBAY * CALCUTTA o GUWAHATI HYDERABAD* LUCKNOW & MADRAS o PUNE o LONDON Copyright © 1995 ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations) New Delhi NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, PUBLISHERS * WILEY EASTERN LIMITED NEW DELHI 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-I10 002 BANGALORE 27, Bull Temple Road, Basavangudi, Bangalore-560 004 BOMBAY 128/A, Noorani Building, Block No.
    [Show full text]