The Dedication of Tikal Temple VI
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With the Protection of the Gods: an Interpretation of the Protector Figure in Classic Maya Iconography
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography Tiffany M. Lindley University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lindley, Tiffany M., "With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2148. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2148 WITH THE PROTECTION OF THE GODS: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE PROTECTOR FIGURE IN CLASSIC MAYA ICONOGRAPHY by TIFFANY M. LINDLEY B.A. University of Alabama, 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Tiffany M. Lindley ii ABSTRACT Iconography encapsulates the cultural knowledge of a civilization. The ancient Maya of Mesoamerica utilized iconography to express ideological beliefs, as well as political events and histories. An ideology heavily based on the presence of an Otherworld is visible in elaborate Maya iconography. Motifs and themes can be manipulated to convey different meanings based on context. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
The Rulers of Palenque a Beginner’S Guide
The Rulers of Palenque A Beginner’s Guide By Joel Skidmore With illustrations by Merle Greene Robertson Citation: 2008 The Rulers of Palenque: A Beginner’s Guide. Third edition. Mesoweb: www. mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/PalenqueRulers-03.pdf. Publication history: The first edition of this work, in html format, was published in 2000. The second was published in 2007, when the revised edition of Martin and Grube’s Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens was still in press, and this third conforms to the final publica- tion (Martin and Grube 2008). To check for a more recent edition, see: www.mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/rulers.html. Copyright notice: All drawings by Merle Greene Robertson unless otherwise noted. Mesoweb Publications The Rulers of Palenque INTRODUCTION The unsung pioneer in the study of Palenque’s dynastic history is Heinrich Berlin, who in three seminal studies (Berlin 1959, 1965, 1968) provided the essential outline of the dynasty and explicitly identified the name glyphs and likely accession dates of the major Early and Late Classic rulers (Stuart 2005:148-149). More prominent and well deserved credit has gone to Linda Schele and Peter Mathews (1974), who summarized the rulers of Palenque’s Late Classic and gave them working names in Ch’ol Mayan (Stuart 2005:149). The present work is partly based on the transcript by Phil Wanyerka of a hieroglyphic workshop presented by Schele and Mathews at the 1993 Maya Meet- ings at Texas (Schele and Mathews 1993). Essential recourse has also been made to the insights and decipherments of David Stuart, who made his first Palenque Round Table presentation in 1978 at the age of twelve (Stuart 1979) and has recently advanced our understanding of Palenque and its rulers immeasurably (Stuart 2005). -
Extension and Renomination of the “Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche”)
LATIN AMERICA / CARIBBEAN ANCIENT MAYA CITY AND PROTECTED FORESTS OF CALAKMUL, CAMPECHE (Extension and renomination of the “Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche”) MEXICO Mexico – Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION ANCIENT MAYA CITY AND PROTECTED TROPICAL FORESTS OF CALAKMUL, CAMPECHE (MEXICO) – ID 1061 Bis IUCN RECOMMENDATION TO WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: To defer the nomination. Key paragraphs of Operational Guidelines: Paragraph 77: Nominated property has the potential to meet World Heritage criteria. Paragraph 78: Nominated property does not meet integrity or protection and management requirements. Background note: The Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche was inscribed under cultural criteria (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) in 2002. The cultural property is 3,000 hectares (ha) in size with a buffer zone of 147,195 ha. This is a renomination and extension of the existing Ancient Maya City as a mixed site. 1. DOCUMENTATION Biosfera de Calakmul. Contrato CONAP A-P-VO2- RBCA-FDS-11. Gobierno de México (May, 1989). a) Date nomination received by IUCN: 20 March 2013 DECRETO por el que se declara la Reserva de la biosfera Calakmul, ubicada en los Municipios de b) Additional information officially requested from Champotón y Hopelchem, Camp. Parks Watch Mexico and provided by the State Party: No supplementary (Undated). Profile: Calakmul Biosphere Reserve. information was formally requested by IUCN, however Ramón Pérez Gil Salcido, et al (2003). Evaluación the State Party submitted additional information on 26 Independiente SINAP I. Report to the Mexican Fund February 2014 following dialogue between the State for the Conservation of Nature. -
Polities and Places: Tracing the Toponyms of the Snake Dynasty
Polities and Places: Tracingthe Toponymsof the Snake Dynasty SIMON MARTIN University of Pennsylvania Museum ERIK VELÁSQUEZ GARCÍA Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México One of the more intriguing and important topics to thonous ones that had at some point transferred their emerge in Maya studies of recent years has been the his- capitals or splintered, each faction laying claim to the tory of the “Snake” dynasty. Research over the past two same title. The landscape of the Classic Maya proves decades has identified mentions of its kings across the to have been a volatile one, not simply in the dynamic length and breadth of the lowlands and produced evi- interactions and imbalances of power between polities, dence that they were potent political players for almost but in the way the polities themselves were shaped by two centuries, spanning the Early Classic to Late Classic historical forces through time. periods.1 Yet this data has implications that go beyond a single case study and can be used to address issues of general relevance to Classic Maya politics. In this brief Placing Calakmul paper we use them to further explore the meaning of The distinctive Snake emblem glyphs and their connection to polities and emblem glyph is ex- places. pressed in full as K’UH- The significance of emblem glyphs—whether they ka-KAAN-la-AJAW or are indicative of cities, deities, domains, polities, or k’uhul kaanul ajaw (Fig- dynasties—has been debated since their discovery ure 1).3 It first came to (Berlin 1958). The recognition of their role as the scholarly notice as one personal epithets of kings based on the title ajaw “lord, of the “four capitals” ruler” (Lounsbury 1973) was the essential first step to listed on Copan Stela A, comprehension (Mathews and Justeson 1984; Mathews a set of cardinally affili- Figure 1. -
Archaeological Reconnaissance in Southeastern Campeche, México
FAMSI © 2003: Ivan Šprajc Archaeological Reconnaissance in Southeastern Campeche, México: 2002 Field Season Report With Appendices by Daniel Juárez Cossío and Adrián Baker Pedroza, and Nikolai Grube Research Year: 2002 Culture: Maya Chronology: Classic Location: Campeche, México Sites: Various Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Acknowledgments Introduction Comments on Particular Sites El Mameyal La Victoria Altar de los Reyes El Chismito Los Tambores Balakbal Altamira Other sites Concluding Remarks List of Figures Appendix 1: Emergency consolidation works at Mucaancah by Daniel Juárez Cossío and Adrián Baker Pedroza Appendix 2: Epigraphic Analysis of Altar 3 of Altar de los Reyes by Nikolai Grube Sources Cited Abstract The project represented the fourth season of reconnaissance works in an archaeologically little known region of central Maya Lowlands. Several formerly unknown archaeological sites were surveyed in the southeastern part of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve and in the adjacent region to the east, and two large sites reported by Karl Ruppert’s expeditions in 1930s were reexamined. The location and basic characteristics of the sites, mainly pertaining to the Classic period, were recorded and some surface pottery was collected. At Altar de los Reyes, a major urban center, two main architectural complexes were mapped and some interesting sculpted monuments were found, including an extraordinary altar with a series of emblem glyphs. Resumen El proyecto representó la cuarta temporada de trabajos de reconocimiento en una región arqueológicamente poco conocida de las tierras bajas mayas centrales. Inspeccionamos varios sitios arqueológicos previamente desconocidos en la parte sureste de la Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul y en la región adyacente hacia el este, y reexaminamos dos sitios grandes reportados por las expediciones de Karl Ruppert en la década de 1930. -
11 UNDER the RULE of the SNAKE KINGS: UXUL in the 7TH and 8TH Centuries*
UNDER THE RULE OF THE SNAKE KINGS: UXUL IN THE 7th AND 8th CENTURIES Nikolai Gru B E Kai Del V endahl Nicolaus Seefeld Uxul Archaeological Project Universität Bonn Benia M ino Volta Department of Anthropology, University of California-San Diego RESUMEN : Desde el 2009, la Universidad de Bonn efectúa trabajos arqueológicos en el sitio de Uxul, una ciudad maya del Clásico en el extremo sur del estado de Campeche. El objetivo del proyecto es investigar la expansión y desintegración de los poderes hegemónicos en el área maya, con un enfoque en la zona central de las Tierras Bajas y específicamente en la estrecha relación de Uxul con los gobernantes de la poderosa dinastía Kaan de Calakmul. Evidencia novedosa confirma las hipótesis de que Uxul estuvo bajo control de Calakmul en el siglo V ii y de que su caída se puede relacionar directamente con las derrotas de los gobernantes Yukno’m Yich’aak K’ahk’ y Yukno’m Took’ K’awiil a cargo de Tikal en 695 y 736 d. C., respec- tivamente. Cuando las autoridades centrales colapsaron en la segunda mitad del siglo Viii, la población de Uxul ni siquiera fue capaz de mantener la infraestructura más importante para sobrevivir: aquella relacionada con el manejo del agua. PALAB R AS CLAVE : Uxul, Calakmul, palacio real, manejo de agua, colapso. ABST R ACT : Since 2009, the University of Bonn is conducting archaeological investigations at Uxul, a medium sized classic Maya city in the extreme south of the Mexican state of Campeche. The project’s research goal is to investigate the expansion and disintegration of hegemonic power in the Maya area, concentrating on the core area of the Maya Lowlands and especially on Uxul’s close relation to the powerful Kaan dynasty at Calakmul. -
The Terminal Classic Period at Ceibal and in the Maya Lowlands
THE TERMINAL CLASSIC PERIOD AT CEIBAL AND IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS Takeshi Inomata and Daniela Triadan University of Arizona Ceibal is well known for the pioneering investigations conducted by Harvard University in the 1960s (Sabloff 1975; Smith 1982; Tourtellot 1988; Willey 1990). Since then, Ceibal has been considered to be a key site in the study of the Classic Maya collapse (Sabloff 1973a, 1973b; Sabloff and Willey 1967). The results of this project led scholars to hypothesize the following: 1) Ceibal survived substantially longer than other centers through the period of the Maya collapse; and 2) the new styles of monuments and new types of ceramics resulted from foreign invasions, which contributed to the Maya collapse. In 2005 we decided to revisit this important site to re-examine these questions in the light of recent developments in Maya archaeology and epigraphy. The results of the new research help us to shape a more refined understanding of the political process during the Terminal Classic period. The important points that we would like to emphasize in this paper are: 1) Ceibal did not simply survive through this turbulent period, but it also experienced political disruptions like many other centers; 2) this period of political disruptions was followed by a revival of Ceibal; and 3) our data support the more recent view that there were no foreign invasions; instead the residents of Ceibal were reorganizing and expanding their inter-regional networks of interaction. Ceibal is located on the Pasión River, and a comparison with the nearby Petexbatun centers, including Dos Pilas and Aguateca, is suggestive. -
The Classic Maya Palace As a Political Theater
13 THE CLASSIC MAYA PALACE AS A POLITICAL THEATER Takeshi INOMATA University of Arizona INTRODUCTION Maya archaeologists have long been fascinated by large, elaborate buildings usually called «palaces.» Archaeological evidence indicates that many «pala- ces» were residences of the ruling elite. I argue that palaces were also theatrical spaces where courtly performances took place. These buildings physically and symbolically shaped the forms of interaction and display. Thus, the examination of palace layouts provides important clues concerning patterns of political and ce- remonial interaction and the nature of rulership. In this paper, I examine the Classic Maya royal palace as a political theater through an analysis of data from Aguateca, and discuss its implications for kingship and politics. THE CONCEPTS OF PALACE AND ELITE RESIDENCE I use the following terminology related to the concept of palace. The term pa- lace-type structure is defined in terms of its morphological attributes regardless of its function—a large, elaborate multi-chamber or gallery building (Andrews 1975: 43). The tenn elite residence is based strictly on its function and does not concern its morphological attributes —a building occupied by elites (see Inoma- ta and Triadan n.d. for the concepts of elite and elite residence). The term palace refers to an elite residence or elite residential complex that is large and elaborate. In this use, the term palace overlaps semantically with the terms palace-type structure and elite residence, but they are not synonymous. There may have exis- ted palace-type buildings that were occupied by non-elites or that did not have re- sidential functions. -
Found.1 the Two Best Known Examples Are Copan and Quirigua, and in Each Case Local Stones Were Quarried
VI. TWO UNUSUAL MAYA STELAE John A. Graham and Howel Williams As is generally known, the Maya lowlands comprise a vast province of massive limestone deposits. Since these limestones are usually exposed or only slightly buried, ready material in unlimited abundance was ordinarily available for the cutting of building stone, for reduction to lime for mortar, and for the carving of sculptures and other monuments. At a number of Maya lowland sites quarries have been observed in the sites, or their immediate vicinity, and there has been little reason to suspect the long distance transport of large and heavy stone for monuments as was characteristic of the ancient Olmec civilization in its principal sites of La Venta and San Lorenzo. For the most part it is only on the peripheries of the Maya lowlands that major non-limestone monuments and architectural constructions are found.1 The two best known examples are Copan and Quirigua, and in each case local stones were quarried. At Quirigua in the lower Motagua Valley, separated from the Maya lowlands proper by the Santa Cruz range, ignimbrites, not immediately available but probably transported from no great distance, and local sandstones were employed in monument carving as well as in archi- tecture. At Copan in the foothills of southwestern Honduras, even farther removed from the true Maya lowlands, ignimbrite from the Copan Valley was preferred to the local limestone. At Maya sites within the lowlands proper, non-limestone monuments or architectural constructions are very rare, and the major example is Altar de Sacrificios on the lower Pasion where during the Early Classic period local sandstone supplied the material for both monuments and architecture until after 9.10.0.0.0 (A.D. -
The Carved Wood Lintels of Tikal
TIKAL REPORT NO. 6 THE CARVED WOODEN LINTELS OF TIKAL William R. Coe and Edwin M. Shook Appendix by Linton Satterthwaite This content downloaded from 129.252.86.83 on Wed, 19 Sep 2018 04:29:22 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 21 BASIC CONCLUSIONS 22 SURVIVING EVIDENCE OF CARVED LINTELS AT SITE 22 Temple 1. Temple II. Temple III. Temple IV. Structure 10 22 TERMINOLOGY AND FACTORS IN RECONSTRUCTION OF MISSING LINTELS- • • 23 CRITICAL REVIEW OF PRIOR ASSIGNMENTS OF LINTELS 25 1. Maudslay's Assignments and Observations 25 2. Maler's Assignments and Observations 26 3. Spinden's Assignments and Observations 27 4. Morley's Assignments and Observations 28 5. Beyer's Assignments and Observations 28 ASSIGNMENTS ON THE BASIS OF RECENT WORK 29 1. Matching of Lintel Fragments 29 2. Problem of Outer Doorways 30 3. Problem of Lintel Orientation 31 4. Associations of Beams no Longer in Position 31 5. Final Assignments 32 A. Temple I 32 B. Temple II 34 C. Temple III 36 D. Temple IV 37 E. Structure 10 (Structure 5D-52) 40 F. Summary 42 MISCELLANEOUS DATA 42 1. Observations on Beam Cutting, Carving, and Installation 42 2. The Question of Resetting of Lintels 45 3. Lintel Beam Butts and Carbon-14 Samples 45 APPENDIX-INSCRIPTIONS AND OTHER DATING CONTROLS . 47 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 47 17 This content downloaded from 129.252.86.83 on Wed, 19 Sep 2018 04:29:22 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Page Changed Long Count Positions 47 Improved Corpu's of Illustrations ... -
The Ancient Maya J-Term 2017
ARHS 3383: THE ANCIENT MAYA J-TERM 2017 This course examines the art, architecture, and calligraphic writing of the Maya of ancient Mesoamerica. Lectures, readings, and discussions will introduce students to the ancient Maya civilization of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador. Special emphasis will be given to the complex and evolving roles of art in ancient Maya society between AD 250 and 900, the Classic Period. We will also explore the linguistic mechanics and visual artistry of the Maya writing system: students will come away with a rudimentary understanding of Maya hieroglyphs. This course is intended to bring students into contact with Maya art and hieroglyphs in a small-class learning environment. Two sessions will be held in the galleries of the Dallas Museum of Art; two sessions will be devoted to an in-class workshop in Maya hieroglyphic writing. UC: HUMAN DIVERSITY; GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT; CREATIVITY AND AESTHETICS II; HISTORICAL CONTEXTS I INSTRUCTOR: PROF. ADAM HERRING, SMU ART HISTORY Adam Herring received his PhD in the History of Art from Yale University in 1999. At SMU he teaches courses on the art and culture of the Maya, Inca, and other peoples of ancient Mesoamerica and the Andes. COURSE BENEFITS/LEARNING OUTCOMES After taking this course students will be able to: o Knowledgably discuss the Maya and other indigenous peoples of ancient Mexico and Central America. o Know the geography, topography, and ecology of the ancient Maya world, with a who’s-who understanding of the great urban centers of the ancient Maya. o Read Maya glyphs. o Knowledgably discuss the principal formats and genres of ancient Maya art and visual expression.