Product Application & Selection

PRODUCT APPLICATION & SELECTION CUTTING-OFF (REINFORCED)

This section covers engineered wheels that would be ordered by grain and grade. For lower cost general purpose wheels referto the Typical Machines Used Gemini Section (pages M44 and M45). Allison deSanno Sever-All Cut-off wheels containing a strengthening fabric or filaments in- American Chain Emerson Stanley Elec corporated throughout the entire diameter are referred to as "rein- Approved Devices Everett Stone forced wheels". Those having either internal or external reinforcing Campbell Fox Syncro which interacts at the grinding face are termed "fully reinforced Coleman Herzog Tabor wheels". Those partially reinforced cut-off wheels, having strength- Continental Setco enina material onlv around the hole and flanae area, are called "zone reinforced wheels". This latter category is classified W Type American Chain and Cable Co., Allison-Campbell Div. (non-reinforced) and is covered in the preceding section. Bridgeport, CT. Reinforced wheels are designed to resist breakage caused by severe cross bending. All portable cut-off, swing frame, locked head push Spindle MachinelModel Wheel Size* SpeedlRPM throuah. and foundrv. cho~. stroke o~erationsreauire reinforced cut- off wheels. In addition, a reinforced'cut-off wheel is required on any r~ever-AllMachines 1- I 1 operation where the grinding machine is hand guided or where the ?~dry--b*~ work is not securely clamped. 2B-dry-bar type 20 x '/a x 1 Wheels are Type 1 configuration with diameters ranging from %"to --- 72". The most popular sizes range from 3" to 30" in diameter. The 3A-dry-bar type 26 x %, x 1 maximum hole size is limited to one-fourth the wheel diameter. The 20 x '/a x 1 2150 wheel thickness is determined by grit size, construction and wheel 52A-dry-Rotary 20 x '/a x 1 I diameter, however, maximum thickness is less than 'A''. -- Abrasive Cutting Machines General Information for Cut-Off Wheels .-4 . 12 x X, x 1 1 5200 Abrasives: For most metals - ferrous and non-ferrous NO. 20-dry-bar type 16 x '/a x 1 4200 ALUNDUM 8 (exception: CRYSTOLON recommended for NO. 28-drv-bar tv~e 18x '/a x 1 2450 (Aluminum Titanium). Use RegularALUNDUM fordurabil- / 1 Ox~de) ity on severe operations, and 57A or 23A for cool cutting on heat-sensitive materials. Treated For dry applications U treated Alundums in- *Wheel Shape - Type 1 ALUNDUM crease wheel durability. CRYSTOLON 8 For non-metallics such as plastics, glass and (Silicon Carb~de) ceramics. Approved Devices CO. Grit Size: Spindle Use as coarse a grit as possible, commensurate with burr require- MachinelModel Wheel Size' SpeedlRPM ments. Coarse grits cut faster and cooler but burr can be minimized Dry Cut Cut-Off (can be (6, 7 or 8) x X, x % 4000 by using finer grits. provided for wet cutting) 1 Grade (Hardness): *Wheel Shape - Type 1 Use as hard a grade as possible for maximum wheel durability. Softer grades tend to re-sharpen more readily and should be used on the more difficult to cut materials for better cutting quality at the Continental Machine Tool CO., Irvine, CA. expense of higher wheel wear. Spindle 1 Structure: I MachinelModel Wheel Size" speedl~~~1 Wheels of higher structure numbers have greater durability but are I Ulticut slower cutting. The effect of going higher in structure number is Manual feed control, somewhat similar to using harder letter grades (usually omitted in ~ miterlstraight newer cut-off bond systems). *Wheel Shape - Type 1 Speeds: Reinforced wheels up to 16" diameter can be approved for use as high as 16,000 SFPM. For wheels over 16" diameter, the A.P. de Sanno & Son, Phoenixville, PA. maximum is 14,200 SFPM. (see ANSI Code 87.1 - Table 20 Classifications 9 and 10) 1 MachinelModel Wheel Size" s~eedlRPM1 Maximum operating speed for most commonly used diameters of GR-201-Dry Nonon reinforced cut-off wheels are: (semi-automatic) Diameter Spindle SpeedlRPM SFPM travelling head) 6 10,185 16,000 7 8,730 16,000 8 7,640 1 6,000 work rotatina machine) 10 6,115 16,000 L~201Dry (semi-automatic) I20 x '/s x 1 (RES) 1 2050 12 5,095 16,000 -- 14 4,365 16,000 16 3,820 16,000 18 3.01 5 14,200 20 2,715 14,200 *Wheel Shape - Type 1 2 4 2,260 14,200 2 6 2,090 14,200 30 1.810 14.200

This document is for viewing while on this website only. Copying, printing, saving or otherwise duplicating this document is prohibited and violates the Terms Of Use agreement. PRODUCT APPLICATION & SELECTION CUTTING-OFF (REINFORCED)

Beachmont-Tabor Co., Montrose, PA. Setco Industries, Inc. (formerly Standard Electrical Tool Co.), Cincinnati, OH. Spindle I 1 MachinelModel Wheel Size Shape SpeedlRPM I I Swina Frame Cut-Off I TYPe 1 Type 27A

HS 2530 SFC, 30 x '/i x 1% TYpe 1 HS 2530 SFCP (3-% D.!? Type 27A holes on 6% "

Stanley Electric Tools, Cincinnati, OH. 'Wheel Shape-Type 1 Spindle Emerson Electric Co. Special Products Div., St. Louis, MO. MachinelModel Wheel Size* SpeedlRPM Spindle W-6, W-60 1 6xX,x3/i I 3200 no load MachinelModel Wheel Size* SoeedlRPM W-7, W-8 1 7xX2x3/i 1 3700 no load Cut-Off Machine-Dry I~x(Y~,-~/~~)x~3100 W-9, CCS-9 1 9xX2x7h 1 3300 no load 10 x (X, - '/a) x '/a 4750 CCS-12 I 12xi/ax1 1 2100 no load 8 x (X,- '/a) x 5/a 4750 'Wheel Shape - Type 1 'Wheel Shape - Type 1

Everett Industries, Inc., Warren, OH. Stone Machinery Co., Manlius, N.Y. 1 Soindle I Spindle MachinelModel Wheel Size* ~~e'edl~~~MachinelModel Wheel Size* SpeedlRPM "Everett"-Drv-3OHP 126 x 7/,, x 1 1 '*TO suit a,<- 1 M-35 12 X 3/,, X 1 3200 14 x '/a X 1 'Wheel Shape - Type 1 **Not to exceed 14,200 SFPM (2090 RPM) M-75 16 x '/a x 1 2500 Fox Grinders, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA. M-750 16 x '/a x 1 2500 20 x '/a x 1 2150 1 Spindle 1 M-120 20 x '/a x 1 2150 1 MachinelModel Wheel Size Shape ~~eedl~~~1 M-160 20 x '/a x 1 2150 Swina Frame 1 I 1 I 1 24 x 3/,, x 1 1900 1 cut-dff-~ri 1 M-250 24 x 3/,, x 1 1900 10-C live shaft 16 x %. x 1 Tvoe 1 3807 ,-- ,, 1 10-CD live shaft 16~y~~xlME666063807 ~ 'Wheel Shape -Type 1 6-C live shaft 20 x 3/,, x 1 Type 1 2664 Syncro Machine Co., Perth Amboy, N.J. 6-CD live shaft 20 x X, x 1 MD81766 2664 4-C live shaft 24xX,x13/i Type1 24"-2258 Spindle 18% " - 2880 MachinelModel Wheel Size* SpeedlRPM Portable Power-Driven 18x '/a x 1% 2000 Cut-Off Machine ( 2-C live shaft 1 30xq/4 x 13/i1Type1 1 30"-1800 1 'Wheel Shape - Type 1

Cut-Off and Grinder 10-CC live shaft 16 x 5/,, x 1 Type 1 3492 6-CC live shaft 20 x Yl, x 1 Type 1 2556

4-CC live shaft 24 x X,, ." x 1% Tv~el,, 24" - 1944 1 19"- 2520 1 Table Mounted . . 4-TMC live shaft 24 x 3/,, x 1 3/i Type 1 24" - 2258 or 27A 18%" - 2880 pppp 2-TMC live shaft 30 x '/i x 1% Type1 30" - 1800

General information for Cut-Off Wheels Specific Bond Recommendations (cont'd)

Bonds: B25N A versatile, freecutting, durable wheel constructed with Resinoid: For dry cutting on production applications. Rubber: For full diameter side reinforcing. (Availability range: 3/4"- wet cutting on production applications. 10" diameter, grit size 24 through 80, grades P, R, T, V, X, "D" sides; 12"-30" diameter, grit size 24 through 30, grades P, R, T, V, X, "R" sides. Drive pin holesavailable.)

Specific Bond Recommendations B25B A versatile, free cutting, durable wheel constructed with full diameter central reinforcing. (Availability BN The BN type is identified by its black color and dis- range: 1"-12" diameter, grit size 24 through 80, grades tinctive knurled pattern on thesides of the wheel. The P, R, T, V, X, "DMsides; 14"-34" diameter, grit size 24 pattern enhancesthecutting action and reduces binding through 30, grades P, R, T, V, X"R" sides. Drive pin holes in the cut. These wheels are used principally by non- available.) ferrous foundries for cutting-off and notching gates B65N Norton Company's newest side reinforced, cold pressed and risers from castings, because wheel rigidity is of cut-off bond offers better performance than B25N on prime importance. (Availability range: Yz-24" diameter, exotic investment-cast alloysand stainless. (Availability grit sizes 24 through 80, grades 014, R14 and V10.) range: 10"-20" diameter, grit size 241, 244 and 304, grades P, T, V.) BNC Norton Company's newest reinforced, hot-pressed wheel designed to be used in heavy duty cut-off B65B Norton Company's newest, central reinforced, cold operations. Their very dense structure provides a stiff, pressed cut-off bond offers better performance than durable wheel. (Availability range: 16,20,24" diameter, B25B on exotic, investment-cast alloys and stainless. grit size241,244,304 in UA, U57A, NZ abrasives, P, T, X, (Availability range: 10"-20" diameters, grit sizes 241, Z grades.) (Formerly X346) 244 and 304, grades P, T, V.)

BNA2 This wheel fulfills the need for a thinner wheel than R N RN designates rubber bonded reinforced products can be furnished with BN or BNA types. BNA2 wheels molded with "R" sides for freer cutting. These wheels are available as thin as .035". They are mainly used are mostly used for cutting ferrous materials and for small offhand machines and in toolrooms. but also certain non-ferrous types, such as nickel alloys, in the work well on applications requiring wheels as large foundry. (Availability range: 10 - 26" diameter, grit as 16". (Availability range: 1 - 16" diameter, grit size 20 and 24, Q and R grades.) sizes 36 through 120, grades 0,Q, S and T, "D" sides.) Thicknesses are always specified decimally.

5255 Bond Recommended Starting Specifications To find the best cut-$f wheel for your job, first identify the material to be cut, then move across to the horsepower range of your machine and select the wheel specification under the appropriate cross-section of cut.

Horsepower Range: 10 HP or less 11-19 HP 20 HP & over Cross-section of I Cut (sq. in): under 4 I 4 & over under 4 I 4 & over I under8 1 8 &wer Application Wheel Swcifications Alloy Steel Aluminum Brass/Bronze Carbon Steel Cast Steel Ductile lron Gray lron Malleable lron Mild Steel Stainless Steel

(For Gemini Specifications refer to next section) 365NlB65B Recommended Starting Specifications Wheel Specifications Miscellaneous Wheel Specifications Applications Materials Portable I General Chrome Iron Castings 4NZ24-VB65B Application Grey, Ductile Modular Iron U57A244-VB65B or U57AC244-TB65B Aerospace Alloys - Asbestos 37C244-TB25N (D Sides) Investment Cast Exotic Aerospace Brick 37C244-TB25N (D Sides) Alloys and Stainless Steel U57A241-VB65B or 4NZ24-VB65B Bronze U57A244-RB25B Furnace Charges Concrete 37C244-TB25N (D Sides) Gate Removal U57A244-TB65B or 4NZ30-TB65B Fiberglass 37C244-TB25N Chop Stroke U57A304-TB65N or 4NZ30-TB65N Insulating Board Locked Head-Push Thru Limestone 37C244-TB25N (D Sides) Stainless Steel (General) 4NZ24-TB65B Masonite 37C244-PB25N (D Sides) Monel U57A244-RB25N (D Sides) Slate 37C244-TB25N (D Sides) Transite 37C304-RB25N (D Sides) Wallboard 37C304-TB25N (D Sides)

BNC Bond Recommended Starting Specifications (formerly X346) These reinforced hot pressed wheels are designed to be used in heavy duty cut-off operations where: 1. Norton cold pressed wheels do not quite meet the stiffness requirements. 2. Competitive hot pressed products have influenced an operator's opinion that it is the only way to go. 3. Free-cutting, longer-life wheels are needed. Horsepower Range '10-15 HP 20 HP & over I Cross Section Cut Sq. Inch under 4 4 & over under 8 8 & over Aoolication Wheel Soecifications Stainless Steel, NZ24-TBNC or NZ24-ZBNC or 1 Allov Steel 1 U57A244-TBNC I U57A244-ZBNC I Mild Steel, I cast steel I U57A241-XBNC I U57A244-TBNC I U57A244-XBNC I U57A244-TBNC I Iron - Ductile, I Grav Malleable I U57A241-XBNC I U57A244-TBNC I U57A244-ZBNC I U57A244-XBNC I Brass, Bronze I U57A244-XBNC I U57A244-TBNC I U57A244-XBNC I U57A244-TBNC I Hot Cutting I Ferous Metals I U57A241-XBNC I U57A244-TBNC I U57A244-ZBNC I U57A204-XBNC I *For horsepower less than 10-use B25 recommendation on preceding page

General Purpose Cut-Off Wheels The General Purpose line introduced in 1984 is intended for the customer who has difficulty in measuring wheel performance and, therefore, cannot establish cost performance relationships necessary to justify higher price wheels.

I Wheel Size I Wheel Specifications 1 Wheel Type I Wheel Size Wheel Specifications I Wheel Type 2 x '/16 x % A36-T Metal )8~3/32xDM I A24-T 1 Metal I 2 x '/16 x % A36-T Metal 8~3/32~DM C24-T Masonry 2x%x1/q 1 A36-T Metal 10 x 3/3z~% I Z~-T Metal 2x%x3'0 A36-T Metal lox 3/32~% A30-R Metal/Fast Cut 3 x '/16 x A36-T Metal lox 3/32 x % C24-T Masonry 3 x '/16 x % A36-T Metal 12x%xl A24-T 3x%xY4 Metal A36-T Metal 12x1/axl A30-R Metal/Fast Cut 3x%x% A36-T Metal 12x%x1 C24-T Masonry 4x '/16X l/4 A36-T Metal 14x%xl A24-T Metal 4 x l/ls x3/8 A36-T Metal 14x1/sx1 A30-R Metal/Fast Cut 4 x '116 x '/2 A36-T Metal 14x%x1 C24-T Masonry 4 x '/a x '/a A36-T Metal 4 x "0 x 3/a A36-T Metal l6x5/32x 1 A24-T Metal 4 x x l/2 A36-T Metal 16x 5/32 x 1 A30-R Metal/Fast Cut 16 x 5/32 x 1 C24-T Masonry 6 x 3/32 x DM A24-T Metal- .-~ C24-T Masonry 20 x 3/16 x 1 A24-T Metal 20 x 3/1~x 1 A30-R MetaVFast Cut A24-T Metal 20 x 3/36 x 1 C24-T Masonry 17x3/3zxDM I C24-T Masonry

Contact area too large. Reduce contact area to minimum. Wheel too coarse. Use finer grit wheel. Wheel out of side truth. Check spindle and wheel side run-out. 2. Poor quality cut Non square cuts. See #3 below. Workpiece burn. See #4 below. Wheel too coarse. Use finer grit wheel. Wheel too hard. Spasmodic wheel breakdown - use softer wheel. 3. Non-square cuts Work not clamped properly. Check clamp and clean to remove swarf. Misaligned spindle bearings. Check for bearing truth and alignment. Poor coolant distribution. Ensure equal volume of coolant to each wheel side. Wheel is too hard. Use softer acting wheel - softer grade/finer grit. 4. Workpiece burn Insufficient feed rate. maximum power available. Poor coolant flow. and direct at cutting point. Wheel is too coarse. eel or pull more power. Wheel is too hard. Wheel is running out. d clock wheel side truth. Wheel speed too slow. slippage and maximum speed

Common Dimensional Standards For further information, the following pieces of literature are available by writing to Norton Company, Marketing Communications If drive pin holes are required specify size, number and distance from Distribution Center, Worcester, MA 01606: center (bolt circle) if blueprint not available. Form 462 -Cutting-Off Wheels Form 517 -Cutting-Off Booklet Form 1717-Cut-Off Wheel Selector Guide Form 4197-Reducing Cut-Off Costs Form 4776-825 Cut-Off Wheels Form 4996-General Purpose Cut-Off Wheels

CLeTTllVG-OFF (GEMINI)

How Po Select The Right- Gemini@Cut-Off Wheel To select the proper Gemini Cut-Off Wheel for a given application, con- Non-reinforced Gemini wheels with W sides should be used on sider the following information: older machines which may have worn to looser tolerances, or where hub-area breakage of non-reinforced wheels is a problem. 1. Consider the material being cut. But, because there is no reinforcement in the cutting area of the Gemini wheels are designed to cut the broad range of ferrous and wheel, these wheels cannot be thought of as reinforced wheels. non-ferrous metals. The check list below shows the most common They should never be substituted for fully-reinforced wheels. materials for which Gemini wheels should and should not be specified. 4. For wet or dry applications. Coolant isgenerally used where burn of the material being cut is to be Do specify for: Do not specify for: minimized. Gemini wheels are available for wet or dry cutting appli- Alnico Asbestos cations. Aluminum Brake Lining Carbon Brass 5. Which wheel hardness is best? Bronze Cable Ebonite Cast lron Fiber Board & Tubing To minimze burr and burn on your cutting-off job, and get the Copper Glass most out of the Gemini wheel you select, use the following Duralumln Tubing Granite Horsepower Rule of Thumb: Machine Knives Gypsum Board A cut-off machine should draw approximately one horsepower Malleable lron Limestone per inch of wheel diameter (example: 20 HPfora machine using a Monel Metal Marble 20 x 5/32 x 1" wheel). Nickel & Nickel Silver Masonite a) If HP equals Dia., starting specification is All Purpose. Plpe (steel) Mlca b) If HP is less than Dia., starting specification is Free Cut. Steel (bars & sheet) Plastics Steel Cable Porcelain c) If HP is more than Dia., starting specification is Long Life. Steel (cast) Rubber Steel (chrome-moly) Sand Cores 6. Dimensions and drive pin holes. Steel (low carbon) Terracotta Gemini cut-off wheels are available in a range of popular Steel (stainless) Tile diameters, thicknesses and arbor hole sizes. Drive pin hole Stellite Wall Board configurations are available for Allison-Campbell, Sever-All and Tubing (steel, copper) Zirconium Toledo-Beaver machines.

2. Which type of Gemini wheel is best? To provideefficient cuttingaff overthe broadest range of applications, there are four basic types of Gemini wheels: a) All Purpose Gemini wheels are designed for broad range Diamond Arbor Hole (DM) metal cutting versatility. This is generally the type to use as a starting specification. b) Free Cut Gemini wheels offersofteqfree-cutting wheel action. They provide the fast cutting action that's needed where machine horsepower is less than wheel diameter. c) Long Life Gemini wheels provide the greatest economy on high-powered machines, or when cutting-off softer materials. d) Tubing Cut Gemini wheels are primarily used on thin-wall tubing to produce minimum burr and withstand severe dressing action.

3. Reinforced or non-reinforced? Most Gemini wheel types are available with full reinforcing or as non-reinforced wheels. Several factors govern which is right for your application. Fully-reinforced Gemini wheels should always be used for all off-hand cutting-off applications, as well as in operations where the workpiece isn't securely clamped. Where the cutting plane is 6", 7" and 8" diameter Gemini fully-reinforced cut-off wheels are controlled, the wheel reinforcing helps to resist side pressure supplied with a Diamond Arbor Holeand are shipped with bushingsfor which may occur during the cut. These wheels should also be %" and %" round arbors. When ordering, specify as "DM" hole. used where rigidity is lacking in the cut-off machine. Non-reinforced Gemini wheels may be used when three impor- (continued) tant requirements are met. The cutting plane must be rigidly controlled, with no lateral stresses on the wheel. The workpiece must besecurelyclamped to prevent lateral movement during the cut. The machine must have adequate wheel guarding.

(continued)

CUTTING-OFF (GEMINI)

Gemini Reinforced Cut-Off Wheels Gemini W Side Non-Reinforced Cut-Off Wheels For Dry Grinding Applications For Dry Grinding Applications I I NIDAISIDA Numbers Drive Pin All Tubing Dimensions Purpose 10 x 3/32 x 518 49473 12 x 118 x 1 62020 16 x 1/8 x 1 64873 64900 20x 1/8x 1 I

Gemini Non-ReinforcedCut-Off Wheels For Wet Grinding Applications

NIDAtSIDA Numbers Drive Pin Tubing Dimensions Pu:Lse Long Life cut 61 862 1 61 860 64002 64740 65612t ,

Gemini W Side Non-Reinforced Cut-Off Wheels For Wet Grinding Applications '

NIDAtSIDA Numbers Drive Pin Tubing Dimensions Holes 16xl/8xl 65022 65032

Drive Pin Holes: 3 holesfor Allison-Campbell and Sever-All (Norton B/P ME301 16)

**Diamond Arbor Hole

Gemini Non-Reinforced Cut-Off Wheels For Dry Grinding Applications

NIDAtSIDA Numbers Drive Pin Tubing

49290 49472 49470' 20x 1/8x 1 65200

'Maximum operating speed is 4585 For further information, the following pieces of literature are available Drive Pin Holes: by writing to Norton Company, Marketing Communications Dlstributlon 3 holes for Allison-Campbell and Sever-All (Norton BIP ME30116) Center, Worcester, MA 01606: 2 holes for Toledo-Beaver (Norton BIP ME78820) Catalog 105-Gemini Cut-Off Wheels Form 2866-Gemini Cut-Off Wheels Form 2978-Gemini Cut-Off Wheels

Cylindrical grinding may be considered to include all outside grinding Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company (cont9d) of round work even though the finished product is not always a true cylinder. The work may be, for instance, conical in shape or it may MachinelModel I Wheel Size I Shape consist of special form grinding with the face of the wheel dressed to No. 14-J Straight wheel an irregular shape. Wheels in this class include those for grinding Straight wheel work held beween centers and in chucks. (old style) -- . . Rec. 11s 8 x 1" Requirements in cylindrical grinding vary from fast stock removal No.20(10 x 18) 30 x 2 x 12 Straight wheel (with rough f~nishespermissible) to ultra smooth finishes (called "mirror finishes"). In general, finishes required on the final product No. -22 110 x 36) 30 x (3,4)~. . x 12 Straight wheels run from 1 RMS to 100 RMS. The average "commerc~alfinish" will No. 23 ;10 x 48) 24 x (4,5,6,7) (if necessary run between 16 RMS and 32 RMS. It is necessary to use coarse grit x 12 recess, the recess wheels with rough dressing for rapid stock removal, and fine grit diameter should wheels with fine dressing for fine finishes. Hard materials require softer grade wheels than soft work rn the samediameters. Small work diameters require finer and harder wheels than largediameters. Sharp corners require finer and harder wheels with emphasis on finer grits rather than harder grades, but wide shoulders call for softer and Cincinnati Grinders Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio coarser wheels, particularly if the stock is hardened. Most wheels are Type 1, 5, or 7 and in addition may be relieved on one or both sides conforming to Types 20-26 inclusive. Wheels uni"ersil ~ddelER 1 14 x 1l/2 x 5 I Rec. 11s 8 x '/2 range from 10 to 50 inches in diameter and from 3h to 6 inches thick. The larger andthicker wheels areusually recessed. They are predomi- 12". 14" (14x2~5 ( Straight wheel nantly vitrified bonded in ALUNDUM (23A, 32A, 53A, 57A) and 16"'and 18" 14 x 2% x 5 Rec. Ils8 x 12 Rec. 11s 8 x 1 CRYSTOLON (37C) abrasives in grit sizes 30 to 150. Grades H to P Universal 14x3~5 Rec. 11s 8 2 cover most of the range. Model ER 14x4~5 x 4" Plain 16x1~8 Straight wheel Cylindrical wheels are used extensively throughout the automotive, Model OH 16x2~8 Rec. 11s 10% x 1/2 aircraft, shipbuilding, engine, turbine, bearing, and metalworlting (16x2~8 Rec. 21s 10% x '/2 machine industriesaswell as in general shops and toolrooms. General 1 maximum operating speed is 6500 SFPM, although 8500 SFPM and 2 higher speeds are used in some applications. For all speeds above 6" Plain 6500 SFPM for Vitrified bonds and above 9500 SFPM for Organic Models EA and ER 24 X (1,2,3,4) Straight wheels bonds, verify the specification recommendation with your Norton I :::,, -- Sales Supervisor. 10" Univ. OL 112x1~5 I (if necessary to 1 10" Lighttype recess, except for Model OE the 12 x 1 x 5", the Typical Machines Used recess diameter Brown and Sharpe Landis Van Norman 10" Plain should be 14lh") Cincinnati Norton Warner and Swasey Model EA 10" Plain Model ER I Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company, Providence, RB 14" Light type Straight wheels Model OE (if necessary to 14" and 16" recess, the recess diameter should be 23") 440 Plunge Straight wheels Ste~tronic (14 x 30) 14 x 1% x 5 Straight wheel I

No. 3 Universal 14x1~5 Straight wheel Landis Tool Company, Waynesbors, PA. No. 4 Universal 14xl%x5 ME2i768 MachinelModel Wheel Size Shape 1:;::: 1:;::: pp No. 5 Plain 14 x (%. %. Straight wheels Old Style Universal / (3 x 12and3 x 18) (If necessary to 1 No. 1 &No. 1% 10x%x5 Straight wheel recess, the recess Old Style Universal 12 x 1 x 5 No. 2, No. 3 &No. 4 14 x 1 x 5 Straight wheel 10 x 20Type H 10x%x3 No. 10 Plain 24 x (1%,2, Straight wheels Universal 10 x 24 Straight wheels (6 x 18and6 x 30) 3,4) x 12 (if necessary to Type C & CH 12x1 x5 recess, the recess 12" Type LC & 14 x (1, llh, diameter should be LCH Hydraul~c 1l/2) x 5 Straight wheels 14% ") Universal No. 10 Plain 12 x (1, 1%, 2) Straight wheels (old style) x 5 ppp 1 %;fHc 1 ;;;;Yi x 5 1 straight wheel 1 No. 11 Plain Straight wheels 14 x (1,2,3) x 5 16 (1, I%, 2, Straight wheels (old stvle) x 1- Hydraulic M50 This document is for viewing while on this website only. Copying, printing, saving or otherwise duplicating this document is prohibited and violates the Terms Of Use agreement. PRODUCT APPLICATION & SELECTION CYLINDRICAL GRINDING

Warner and Swasey, Worcester, MA. Landis Tool Company (cont'd) (including Norton Company) (cont'd) MachinelModel Wheel Size Shape MachinelModel I Wheel Size 1 Sha~e 1 Straight wheels 6" Type CH 20 x (1, li/2, 2, (if necessary to Plain &Semi- 1%,2) x 5 Straight wheels Plain 3) x 8 recess, the recess Hydraulic 24 x (2,2%, diameter should , 3,4) x 8 be 11") lo", 14", 16" 30 x (2,2%, Straight wheels 20X2X12 Straight wheels Type BD, C, 3,4) x 12 (if necessary to 20 x 2 x 12 Rec. 21s 14% x CH, D & DC recess, the recess 20 x 3 x 12 Straight wheels Plain diameter should 6" Type C & 20 x 3 x 12 Rec. 21s 14% Hvdraulic be 15% ") CTU x 10" Type LC & 20x4~12 Rec. 21s 14% Old Style 10" Straight Wheels LCTU Plain & x 13116" and 20" Rec. 11s 7% x X," Semi-Automatic 24 x 2 x 12 Straight wheels Plain other side 7% x x," 24x2~12 Rec. 21s 14% x 24 x 3 x 12 Straight wheels Old Style 12" Rec. 21s 11 x '/a 24 x 3 x 12 Rec. 21s 14% Plain x j/a " Rec. 21s 6" Angular 24 X (2.3) X 12 Straight wheels 11 x j/a X 5/8" Wheel Slide Rec. 21s I 11 x % x Jh" Semi.Automatic 16", 20", 24" & Straight wheels 20 x (2.3.4.5) 1 Straight wheels+ 28" Type B (if recessed, recess Plain Hvdraulic diameter is 15Ih ") 20 x 2 x 12 Rec. 21s 14'14 x 2 R Straight wheels Plunge Grinder (if recessed, recess 10"Type C & diameter is 15% ") CTU Straight wheels 14" Type LC & Angle Slide (face bevel llside LCTU Plain & Plunge Grinder or N face) Semi-Automatic recess diameter 24 x 2 x 12 Rec. 21s 14% x should be 151h"

Van Norman Machi~neGo., Springfield, MA. (Including Fitchburg Grinding Mach. Gorp.) 30 x 3 x 12 Rec. 21s 14%

MachinelModel Wheel Size shape Old Style 6" 14 x (1, 11/2, 2) Straight wheels "Bowgage Head" 24 x 2 x 12 Type A 1x5 (mounted on 24 x 3 x 12 Straight wheels

various bases 20 x 4 x 12 Straight wheels t Rec. 11s 8% x 1 " or other makes (Also found Old Style 10" Rec. 11s 8% x 2" of grinding with 5,8 or to2OUTypeA , Straight wheels machines) 16" Hole) (with Spanner Rec. 11s 8% x 1 " 6 x 32" nut type wheel Rec. 11s a1/2 x 2" Adjustable Head 20 x 2 x 12 Straight wheels sleeve) Straight wheels Rec.llslO% x 1" TypesBandC 20 x (jh, 1,1%, Straight wheels 6" Plain 2,3) x 12 Straight wheels Types B and C 24 x (%, 1, I%, Straightwheels Rec. 21s 14% 10" Plain 2,3) x 12 x Model A 6" 18x2~5 10" Type CD Straiaht wheels Old Style 8" 18 x 3 x 5 Straight wheels (TYpe D Rec. 21s 22% Wheel Slide) 12" 18x3~5 x Model 418 14 x 2 x 5 Straight wheels Plain 42 x (2,3,3%) Straight wheels Ix 20 1 142 x (3,3'/2) x 20 / Rec. 21s 22% 1

Warner and Swasey Speciiication Selection Guide (cont.) (including Norton Company) (cont'd) Application I Wheel Specifications MachinelModel I Wheel Size 1 Shape Aluminum Oxide (ceramic) SD220-J100B56 20 x (2.3.4) Straight wheels very hard (1Al) 1 .. . I 1 M3D150-N100M or 10" Type C 45O (withE" face hard (1Al) RMD 120-N100V5 (angular wheel slide) 20 x (3,4,5,6,7) Rec. 21s 14% IXl2 I Armatures (laminated) roughing I with"^" face finishing 10" Angular 130 x (3.3~2).. , x 12 1 Ball Bearing Races Wheel Slide (grind O.D. cups) Semi-Automatic roughing & finishing 10" Type CV-4 130 x (3,4) x 12 Straight wheels Bolts (screws and studs) 14" Type LCV-4 Boron Carbide 'Norbide) ~emi:~utomatic roughing Angular Wheel semi-finishing Slide

Type C Plain Brass ME14440 Bronze soft 24 x (8,9,10) Straight wheels hard x 12 Bushings 30 x (2.3.4) x 12 cast iron 37C46-KVK, or 32A46-J8VBE 14", 16" & 18" hardened steel 23A60-L5VBE Type C Plain Cams see Cam section Carbide (Non-precision) roughing finishing Cast Iron

Cemented Carbides roughing (wet) Semi-Automatic finishing (wet) 1-7130 x (3.4.5.6.7.8) Ceramics Type C-2 very hard (lA1R) Plain and Ixl2"'"~ hard (1A1R) Semi-Automatic Straight wheels 110 x (Y2, lh, %, 1) I Chrome Plating commercial finish 32A60-J8VBE Type "L" high finish A150-K5E Multipurpose reflective finish 37C500-1984 Colmonoy 39C60-K8VK .. . , x 5 Columbium 32A60-K8VBE Commutators (copper) 27C60-M4~ 12 x 2 x 5 Rec. 11s 10 x Copper 37C60-KVK 12 x 2% x 5 Rec. 11s 10 x Crankshafts see Crankshaft Section 12x3~5 Rec.lls10 x Drills 57A60-L8V127 10" Universal Ferrite M4D120-N75M9, or 12", 14", 18" 10x1~3 Straight wheels 39C100-18VK, or Tv~eU-4 PD80-EP 1 universal 14xl%x5 Ferrotic 23A60-K5VBE Stepmaster Fiberglass Rods (Dry) 32A46-HI 2VBEP Forgings A46-M5VBE Plungemaster 36 x (3,4,5) x 12 Straight wheels Gauges (plug) 57A80-K8VBE C-5, LC-5 24 x (2 3 4) x 12 high finish 37C500-J9E CU-5, LCUQ 30 (3:4:5) 12 Straight wheels General Purpose Grinding C-6, LC-6 best all around wheel CU-6, LCU-6 30 x (3,4,5) x 12 Straight wheels Gun Barrels (spotting and O.D.) Hastalloy High Speed Steel see Steel (high speed) lnconel or Inconel X (with Specification Selection Guide heavy duty soluable or NOTE: For products over 30" diameter utilizing Alundum abrasives, straight oil) specify VS bond. Knives (Machine) leather shaving, sharpening Application Wheel Specifications Molybdenum Alnico 57A60-J8V127 Monel Alumirrum 57A54-18VBE, or Ni-Hard 37C54-KVK

Specification Selection Guide (cont.) Specification Selection Guide (cont.) 1 Application I Wheel Specifications Application Wheel Specifications Nitralloy Sprayed Materials (Wet) before nitriding 57A60-K8V127 general nickel, chrome, after nitriding cobalt and stainless commercial finish 53A80-J8V127 carbide, zirconia, tungsten, high finish 37C100-IVK alumina, zirconate, high reflective finish 37C500-19E cobalt and titanium NOROC@ 37ClOO-HVK Stainless Steel Norbiden see Boron Carbide 300 series Pistons 400 series aluminum 32A46-18VBE large wheels regrinding 23A46-18VBE small wheels cast iron 37C36-KVK, or Steel (high speed) 39C46-J8VK 14" and less Piston Rods (locomotive) A46-M5VBE 16" and larger Plastics Steel (Soft) (Up to Rc 55) Thermoplastics 1" diameter & less wet 37C46-JVK or over 1" diameter 32A46-112VBEP Steel (hardened) dry 37C36-158 less than 1" diameter 53ABO-K8V127 Thermosetting 37C30-158 over 1" diameter 53A60-J8V127 Porcelain 39C60-J8VK, or Stellite 23A46-M5VBE M4D100S-N75M (1A1 R) Tantalum 23A60-K8VBE Pulleys (cast iron) 37C36-JVK Tap Shanks 57A80-L8V127 Reamers 57A60-L5VBE Titanium 37C60-JVK Rolls see Roll Grinding Section Tool Steels see Tool Room Section Rotors (Laminated) Tungsten roughing 57A100-18VBE rolled finishing 37C500-G9E sintered Rubber Valve Stems (automotive) soft 23A20-K5B7 Valve Tappets hard 37C36-J5B Vitallium Silicon Nitride Was~allov(with straiaht oil) roughing (1Al, 2A2) SD100S-N75B69 finishing (1A1, 2A2) SD320-N75B69 Silver 38A100-K8VBE Spline Shafts 23A60-N5VBE (continue Fault Finding and Correction Guide

'ncrease work speed, dress coarser, I speed, enrich grinding fluid mixture. Slender work unsupported. Machine vibration. 'thin the machine and for d to the machine. 2. Short wave marks Vibration from belts. es are corrected by repair Vibration transmitted from other machines. of machine components. Vibrations in hydraulic system. Vibration from motors. Vibration from chains and sprockets. Seal in headstock too tight. Imperfect gear action. 3. Long wave marks Out of balance wheel. Rebalance wheel. Stopping wheel without turning coolant off, Rebalance wheel and make it a rule to stop coolant causing unbalanced wheel. and run wheel until moisture is thrown off. Wheel oil soaked on one side. Replace wheel.

4. Mottle marks Grease or oil spots on wheel face. Redress wheel. Hard spots in wheel surface. Heavily redress wheel or replace wheel. Redress wheel. See long wave marks. Loose diamond tool. Keep tool securely fastened. Vibration of diamond tool support. Dampen vibration. Uneven table traverse when truing. Check hydraulic system. 6. Diamond Truing Lines Diamond too sharp. Try a duller diamond. Table traverse roo fast. Slow table speed. Wheel too hard. Try softer wheel or make act softer. (See #l above.) (continued) M53 This document is for viewing while on this website only. Copying, printing, saving or otherwise duplicating this document is prohibited and violates the Terms Of Use agreement. PRODUCT APPLICATION & SELECTION CYLINDRICAL GRINDING

Fault Finding and Correction Guide (con't.) I Problem Possible Causes Suggested Correction Wheel not suitable. I lm~ro~ercontrol of traverse or work speed when I Change workwheel. speed or wheel speed when finishing. I finishing. lm~rooercoolant distribution when truing. I Readjust coolant flow and direction. lmbrober use of steadyrests. ~nsuresteadyrests are even. Head and footstock out of alignment. Check head and footstock, tablewaysand center holes. 8. Barber hole finish Improper lubrication of table ways. Adjust oil flow or change oil. Work loose on centers. Be sure head and footstock are properly clamped. Centers do not fit spindles. Check centers for fit. Loose fitting footstock spindle. Obtain new footstock spindle. 9. Burnt Work and cracked Wheel too hard. Try softer wheel or make act softer. surfaces Wheel structure too dense. Try more open structure wheel. Wrong wheel bond. Consult Norton Sales Supervisor. Grinding wheel over speed. Reduce speed. Work revolving too slowly. Increase work speed. . Grinding cut too heavy. Rough and finish grind with two wheels. Insufficient coolant. Check coolant level, pipes and pumps. Nozzle not directing coolant properly. Redirect flow or obtain new nozzle. Wrong coolant. Consult Norton Sales Supervisor. Grinding wheel improperly trued. Redress wheel. 10. Rough finish Wheel too coarse or too hard. Diamond too sharp. Dressing too coarse. Cut too heavy. See above for suggested correction. Traverse too fast. Work speed too fast. Lack of proper steadyrest. Dirty coolant. Solution of coolant too weak. 11. Uneven wheel surface Rapid diamond wear. Change to larger diamond. Improper distribution of coolant. Readjust coolant flow and direction. Diamond tool holder not securely clamped. Securely fasten holder. Table floating. Reduce lubricant flow to table or change to a lighter oil. 12. Out-of-round work when Workpiece centerholes out of round or not in line Relap center holes. plunge grinding Burrs in workpiece center holes. Clean holes. Work loose on centers. Be sure footstock and headstock are clamped. Centers loose. Tighten and clean centers. Centers do not fit spindles. Replace spindles or change center holes. Center holes out of round. Regrind center holes. Workpiece center holes not deep enough. Deepen holes or blunt center points slightly. Work centers scored. Regrind centers and lubricate. Center points worn down. Regrind centers. Work too tight on centers. Loosen footstock spring tension. Insufficient coolant. Readjust coolant flow. Worn footstock spindle. Replace spindle or use steadyrest close to footstock. Misalignment of workheads. Realign workheads. Swivel table gibs loose. Be sure gibs fit and clamp swivel table securely. 13. Intermittent cutting action Heavy work too tight on centers. Back off footstock ,002 to ,004. while traverse grinding Work out of balance. Add weights to balance workpiece. Base high in middle or at one or both ends. Realign or possibly rescrape base. 14. Adjacent diameters of Work loose on centers. work not concentric Centers not in alignment on workpiece. Headstock or footstock moving away from work See above for suggested corrections. Centers do not fit spindles. Base out of alignment. 15. Unable to keep work Headstock and footstock out of alignment and Correct alignment and/or regrind centers. straight center holes of varying depth

Common Dimensional Standards It is not possible to list the exact sizes of wheels for all of the various For further information, the following pieces of literature are ava models of cylindrical grinding machines, because the size depends able by writing to Norton Company, Marketing Communicatio upon what wheel sleeve and what size wheel guard are on the Distribution Center, Worcester, MA01606: machine. The only way to be certain of the size is to measure the wheel. the guard. the wheel sleeve, or all three if you need to. Form 353-Mounting Techniques for Cylindrical and Centerless Grinding Wheels For wheels used in crush grinding applications. specify blueprint Form 2567-Production O.D. Grinding Wheels ME97896 for Sheffield machines and ME44330 for all other machines, to assure suitable balance and thickness tolerances for the wheels.

This classification includes abrasive sticks used for dressing and honing. Specification Selection Guide (cont.) Most sticks are square, rectangular, round, half-round or triangular. Spe- cial shapes are available, but require blueprints. Application I Stick Specifications Dressing Sticks are available in five shapes, square, rectangular, ('h x 'h x 6 or 'h x % x 6 typical sizes) round, half round or triangular, 400 grit and coarser, as unfinished Finished Sticks: sticks only. They are used primarily in off-hand dressing of diamond General Purpose: and CBN wheels and for general deburring of tools and ground/ Alundum (removes tool marks) machined parts. They are intended for use where precision dimensions and grades are not required. Honing or Finished Sticks are intended where precision dimen- Crystolon (free-cutting, sional limits and grade controls are required. They are available in contour shaping) square and rectangular shapes only as standard. Other shapes are available as exceptions. They are used for manual or mechanical honing on machines where they are mounted in holders or fixtures. Honing operations are found in the automotive, bearing, auto Die Polishing: accessory, pipe, and oil drilling equipment businesses. Resinoid Products Unfinished Blank inventory is maintained in a variety of specifications for honing and finished stick applications where the exact Rubber Products finished stick is not available from stock. This reduces leadtime on non-stock Finished and Honing Stick orders. Refer to the stock listing section of this catalog for "Unfinished Blank Sticks." HONING STICKS Norton Company does not supply mounted sticks, any size or shape, For maximum cut, use the coarsest grit that the finish will permit. Use even if customer supplies holders. the following for selection of grit size under average conditions: for roughing 60 to 150 grit Typical Honing Machines Used for 25 to 35 rms 180 to 220 grit Barnes Heald Micromatic for 15 to 24 rms 240 to 320 grit Century Jones & Shipman Taft Pierce for8to 14rms 400 to 500 grit for 2 to 8 rms 600 arit and finer Common Dimensional Standards Aluminum, Brass, Bronze Always specify shape (square, rectangular, round, half-round, triangu- roughing and finishing 15 microfinish 37C100-C23BC8 lar) or blueprint number, and give dimensions in the following sequence: (to be used only if less than ,005 stock Thickness x Width x Length removal) !smallest (middle (largest roughing 37C180-MV dimension) dimension) dimension) finishing 8 to 15 microfinish 39C400-KV high finish 5 microfinish or better 37C600-C23BC6 Cast Iron* Specification Selection Guide roughing: average 37C 180-QV Application Stick Specifications hard cast iron 37C120-NV DRESSING STICKS harder cast iron 37C180-NV For CBN Wheels: ('/2 x l/2 x 6 or % x 3/4 x 4 typical sizes) semi-finish 15 to 25 microfinish 39C240-NV 100 grit and coarser 38A150-IVBE finishing 5 to 20 microfinish 39C320-LV, or 120 grit &finer 38A220-HVBE 39C400-JV, or For Diamond Wheels: (lh x lh x 6 or 3/4 x % x 4 typical sizes) 39C500-IV Annular Saw Blades Cemented Carbides SD320-100V, or Breaking-in hand honing or stoning 39C280-PV Sharpening/cleaning Chrome Plating Dicing Wheels (Process E) roughing 37C120-KV (Imm x 75mm x 75mm only) finishing 39C400-IV mirror finish 37C600-C23BC6 Commutators (Copper) A220-K5V Cylinders, Automotive (Cast Iron) new cylinders commercial finish M4D40/60MIC-N50M9, or 37C120-P8V mirror finish 39C50&lilV For Non-Diamond Wheels: Die Barbering (ME42620) 38A60-IVBE or Vitrified Bond 37C80-HV 46 grit &finer NORBIDE@Dressing Stick Hard Chrome Plating (large diesel M4D100-75M165 M grade & softer (3/16 x % x 3 only) cylinders) (HHA2, SR) 37C24-SVK Hard Steel (Rc5 5 and harder) (1 x 1 x 6 typical size) 32A120-KVBE #22 Treat 37C24-SVK roughing semi-finish 32A150-KVBE #22 Treat ('/Z x 6 or 1 x 6 round typical) finish 39C320-KV I high finish 39C600-HV, or 37C600-C23BC6 Jointer Stones 37C220-KV Diamond ASDC240-N125B56

"Any of the specifications for cast iron may be ordered with #22 Treat. Although it can be expected to give better finish and longer life, the cutting action may be somewhat retarded. '"Minimum operating speed 250 SFPM.

Specification Selection Guide (cont.)

hot mill rolls cold mill rolls 37C120-KVK Soft Steel (up to 55 Rc) roughing 80-1 10 microfinish C3B100-PMX208** roughing 30-50 microfinish 57A120-MVBE #22 TR semi-finish 15-35 microfinish 57A180-MVBE #22 TR finish 10-20 microfinish high finish 8-15 microfinish

**Minimum operating speed 250 SFPM. Fault Findinn and Correction Guide Problem Possible Causes Suggested Correction 1. Fin~shtoo rough Grit size too coarse. Use finer grit hone. Grade too soft. Use harder grade hone. Rotary speed too slow. Increase speed until finish obtained. 2. Poor hone life Grade too soft. Harder grade or #22 Treated Hone. I Fluid too light. lncrease viscosity of fluid. 3. Hone loading Hone too fine or hard Use coarser/softer hone. Hone fluid too light. lncrease viscosity of fluid. Hone speed too slow. lncrease hone reciprocating speed. Hone too hard.

SHARPENING STONES

Cutting and shaping tools provide better performance, cleaner For even keener edges a Soft or Hard Arkansas should be utilized. cutting, and longer life when theiredgesare maintained with Norton sharpening stones. Rigid quality control during every manufac- Some bench stones and specialty items are manufactured as turing step assures the finest sharpening stones available. Three combination stones.. .twodifferent grit surfaces in onestone. These types of abrasives are available.. . each designed for a specific use. stones offer complete, economical sharpening in a single product. 1. Crystolon-manufactured from silicon carbide abrasive, Cry- stolon sharpening stones are fast cutting and do an outstanding Oil Pre-Filling job on steels where moderate tolerances are acceptable. All sharpening stones are porous by nature. To prevent the tiny 2. India-manufactured from aluminum oxideabrasive, India sharp- particles removed from the surface being sharpened from clogging ening stones are recommended for producing exceptionally the pores of the stone and thereby rendering the stone ineffective, it keen, long lasting edges and for high quality steel work. is necessary that a suitableoil be present on thesurface of thestone. 3. Arkansas-a natural novaculite abrasive, Arkansas sharpening Most Crystolon and India stones are pre-filled with oil at the factory. stones are the choice for final honing delicate tools, instruments This Norton quality feature retards loading, saves time, and elimi- or surgical tools to the sharpest, most precise edges possible. nates the necessity of pre-soaking the stone prior to first use. Arkansas stones areavailable in two grades: soft (super fine) and Application of a few drops of oil from time to time will offset hard (ultra fine). absorption into the stone and improve cutting efficiency. M~~~ ~~~~~~l~~and stone items are also availablein a choice Arkansasstones, because of their denseconstruction, absorb oil ata of three grit sizes: much slower rate. Hence, these stones do not require oil pre-filling during manufacture. a. Coarse-used when cutting edges have been neglected; for rough sharpening where a keen edge is not required; as a first step on poor edges prior to medium or fine stoning. Shapes b. Medium-used to produce average to fine edges on most tools Norton Company offers the world's most comprehensive line of and knives. sharpening stones ...a shape and variety of sizes are available for c. Fine-used for a sharper than average edge and for producing a nearly any conceivable application, Such as bench stones for final, keen edge on most knives and tools. straight-edged tools; files for chamfering, deburring and fitting delicate parts; slips for curved-edge tools and knives; and a wide selection of specialty stones and rubbing bricks.

DRESSINGIHONBNG STICKS & SHARPENsNG STONES

Bench Stones are used for restoring the cutting edge on all straight- Engravers' Pencils & Points are used by engravers and die sinkers edged tools, such as chisels, plane blades, gouges, edge tools, for cleaning out tight corners and recesses where close tolerances precision tools and delicate instruments. Available in: and accuracy are a must and for manual marking and etching of metals. Pencils are mounted in a natural finish wood. Points are Crystolon Single Grit, Combination & Giant Combination inserted in a knurled, nickel-plated steel chuck. Available in lndia Crystolon Cutler's Stone and Arkansas. lndia Single Grit, Combination & Giant Combination Soft Arkansas-India Combination Jewelers' Stones and Penknife Pieces are excellent for sharpening Soft Arkansas & Mounted Soft Arkansas the fine, precision cutting tools, laboratory blades, surgical instru- Hard Arkansas & Mounted Hard Arkansas ments and knives of engravers, jewelers, artisans, and die makers. Available in Hard and Soft Arkansas. Reversible Oilstones are combination stones which offer the most particular artisan, craftsman or mechanic a sharpening service for Grooved Surgicalstones have four grooves machined to 1,2,4and 8 quality straight-edged tools. Sturdy hardwood box provides dust- mm. diameter. Used by manufacturers of surgical tools, as well as in free protection. Available in: hospital laboratoriesand by surgeons, for maintaining round smooth backs on scrapers and curettes. Available in Hard Arkansas only. Medium India-Soft Arkansas Fine India-Hard Arkansas Machine Knife Stones offer both a coarse and fine side for sharpening and honing paper and cloth cutting knives on the machines. Multi-Oilstone is the most complete service available for sharpening Groove around middle of stone protects fingers and provides a and honing large straight-edge tools. Contains three stones ... secure hold. Available in Crystolon only. coarse Crystolon, medium Crystolon, fine India ...two of which remain immersed in oil when not in use. Pint can of Norton Oil is Tradesmen's Stones are designed to quickly sharpen trimming included. knives used on leather and rubber. but also have found wide usacleas an abrasive file. Available in Crystolon only, there is a choice of Files are used for imparting a uniform finish on precision machine single grit, combination stone and combination stone with handle. parts and in tool and die making. Ideal for deburring, chamfering, radiusing or for fitting delicate parts. The file shape selected should Scythestones produce a fast-cutting edge on scythes, sickles and match the contour of the surface to be stoned. Available in: brush hooks. Available in Crystolon for fast sharpening action and Alundum for long-lasting edges. Crystolon Square, Triangular, Round lndia Square, Triangular, Round, Half Round Garden Tool Sharpeners, although designed for sharpening garden Arkansas Square, Triangular tools, are widely used in industry because its special shape is and a variety of lndia and Arkansas special shapes conformable to all flat and curved cutting edges. Available in Crystolon only. Silversmiths' Stones are precision-shaped stones designed for use by mechanics and silversmiths in touching up instruments, lapping Utility Files have a long, wedge shape with four flat sides and a for close tolerances and for cleaning tools and dies. sturdy wooden handle. Frequently chosen for sharpening coarse edges on cutting implements, because it outlasts and out-sharpens Slips are used to impart the finest, most uniform finish on curved metal files. knives and curved workpieces. Norton slips work faster and hold their shape longer. One type isspecially designed for carbide tipped Rubbing Bricks are available plain or with diagonal flutes. Plain tools. Available in: rubbing bricks are used in foundries for dressing grinding wheels, cleaning or scouring castings. Fluted bricks are preferred for Crystolon Round Edge rubbing down concrete and removing mold marks. Available in lndia Round Edge Crystolon only, some fluted bricks are complete with handles. Arkansas Round Edge lndia Carving Tool Dresser Sticks, made with very coarse grit, are used for dressing, Arkansas Carving Tool truing or changing the face of a grinding wheel. Available in Crystolon Slips for Carbide Tools Crystolon only in two sizes.. . the smaller of which fits the Norton wheel dresser. Gouge Sharpening Stone hasa uniqueshapedesigned forsharpen- ing and lapping inside and outside curved surfaces on gouges and Oil that meets U.S. Pharmacopoeiastandardsfor mineral oil purity is other curved edge cutting tools. An indispensable tool for wood- designed specially for sharpening stone use. This highly refined workers, mechanics, artisans and craftsmen. Available in lndia only. product is equally ideal for all lubricating jobs in the office and Jointer Stones provide a fast method for restoring and maintaining factory. the cutting edges of mechanical jointing devices on automatic planers. Available in Crystolon and India. Reamer Stones are durable, fast-cutting stones for imparting a professional edge on reamers, taps and rough rounders on shoe machine tools. Available in lndia only. For further information, the following pieces of literature are available by writing 'Norton Company, Marketing Communications Distribution Skiving Knife Stone is designed for deburring and sharpening Center, Worcester, MA01606: Amazeen Skiving Knives. Their special shape makes them useful in Catalog 110 other sharpening applications as well. Available in lndia only. Sharpening Stones Catalog 115 Dressing and Finishing Sticks Auger Bit Stones were designed specially for sharpening drill bits Form 781 Toolroom Grinding used in wood or metal drilling. Unique shape makes them preferred Form 2583 Norton Sharpening Stones over metal files. Available in India only. Form 2775 Norton Sharpening Stones: The Finishing Touch Form 4663 How to Sharpen with lndia & Crystolon Sharpening (continued) Stones

The wheels covered in this application are used for the fluting, slot- Typical Machines Used: ting, clearing, gashing and gun pointing of cutting tools, such as, Hertlein Normac drills, taps, reamers, end mills, router bitsand other similar tools. All these operations are similar in that they are a plunge operation with Grinding wheel specifications, on a nominal basis, are common to heavy material removal in asingle pass. Flute grinding does not cover both types of grinders. the resharpening of these tools (seeTool Room Grinding). Most fluting wheelsareType1, rangingfrom3to20inchesindiameter and the thickness ranging from ,050 to 1 inch. Also, some wheels will have a raised hub, a recess or side grooves. Fluting wheels with hubs and grooves are ordered by appropriate blueprint. ALUNDUM (A, 23A and 57A) abrasives are used in resinoid bond, in grit sizes 46 to 180 and with grades L to W covering most of the range. Grinding machines used for HSS tool manufactureare highly special- ized.

Specifications Selection Guide Following is a listing of starting grinding wheel specifications for the above machines

8 x (various) x 5 57A1003-UB354 12 x (various) x 8 16 x (various) x 8

Gr~nding 3% x (various) x lh 57A1003-UB354 6 x (various) x 1% 8 x (various) x 13h

10 x (various) x 3 12 x (various) x 3 Clearance Grinding Clearance Wheels 8 x (various) x 1% 57A100-R4R30 ME97684 10 x (various) x 1% 12 x (various) x 3 14 x (various) x 5 Drill Pointing 12 x (various) x 3 57A1203-RB354 30 x (various) x 12 57A1203-Q9BX340 Tap Squaring Clearance Wheel 30x1 x12 57A1003-R9BX340 ME97684 Tap Chamfering Clearance Wheel 14 x (various) x 5 1 57A100-R4R30 ME97684 I Tang Grinding Clearance Wheel 30 x (various) x 12 57A1003-S9BX340 ME97684 Fluting Wheel 15 x (various) x 8 57A1003-SB354 Router Bit Grinding Clearance Wheel I 14 x (various) x 5 1 57A1003-UB354 ME97684 I Gun Tap Grinding 12 x (various) x 3 57A1003-UB354

57A1003-UB354 57A1003-U9BX340 ME976841 Common Dimensional Standards All orders must read "Fluting"or "Clearance", and tolerances required must be specified. Also, specify hubs, recesses, special faces and machine manufacturer (with model number) that the wheel will be used on. For further information, contact your Norton Sales Supervisor.

Sefco Industries, Inc. (formerly Standard Electrical Tool Cs.), Foundry snagging isa rough grinding application in which unwanted Cincinnati, OH. metal on castings is removed. Gates, risers, flashings, stubs, fins and parting lines are commonly ground with foundry snagging wheels. Since finish tolerancesare not usually critical,coarse,durablewheels Swing Frame Grinders are used. Benchstand, pedestal, floorstand and swingframe machines are the types of machines used in foundry snagging. 1514 SFG 14x2%x12 2600 Most of these wheels are Type 1, having a range of 6 to 30 inches in 2524 SFV. 2524 HSFV 124x3~12 1 1500-2100 diameter and 1 to 4 inches in thickness. ALUNDUM (A, 23AC. ZF, 4ZF and 5ZF) and CRYSTOLON (37C) abrasives are used in grit sizes 12 to 46. Some vitrified wheels are used on slow speed machines (6500 HS 2524 HSFV 24x3~12 SFPM), however, most wheels are resinoid bonded. Wheels for 12,500 (Reinforced) I 1960-31C0 I SFPM machines are reinforced, but wheels used at 9500 SFPM do not Floorstand Snagging Grinders NOTE: When is prefixed with have to be reinforced. However, Norton Company will not supply non- 36 Double end variable speed reinforced wheels used at 9500 SFPM. "HS", use reinforced 12.500 SFPM wheels. Snagging wheelsarefound in theautomotive, ship building and steel fabrication industries, and in general maintenancelrepair shops as 3514-2-7% HP, 35B-2-lOHP, 24 x 3 x 12 1510-2200 well as in foundries, forging shops and some steel mills. 55B-2-15 HP, 55C-2-20HP 55D-2-25HP Typical Machines Used Baldor Fox lngersoll Black & Decker Hisley-Wolf Setco Bridgeport Mummert-Dixon US Electric

Fox Grinders, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA. 36C-2-10HP, 36E-2-15 H P - - 366-2-20 HP, 36J-2-25 HP ~chinel~odel I Wheel Size SpindleIODU Speed 36L-2-30 H P, 36N-2-40 H P 130x3~12 1 1590-2515 I Swing Frame Grinders I 1 18-95-Adead shaft 18x3xG (4536 Floorstand Snagging Grinders NOTE: When %is prefixed with Single end variable speed "HS", use reinforced 9-125 dead shaft I 12,500 SFPM wheels. 33VA-5 HP, 33VB-7% HP 20 x 3 x 8 2390-3975 1 8-125 dead shaft 1 16 x (2 thru 2%) x 6 33VC-7% HP, 33VD-10 HP, 24 x 3 x 12 1990-2765 33VE-15 HP 7-125 dead shaft 18 x (2thru 2%) x 7 18"-2646 15% "-3006 33VF-20 H P, 33VG-25 HP 24 x 3 x 12 1990-2515 6-125 dead shaft 20 x (2 thru 3) x (6.8 20"-2340 33VL-10 HI? 33VM-15 HP 30 x 3 x 12 1590-2765 33VN-20 H P, 33VP-25 HP, 30 x 3 x 12 1 4-125 dead shaft 33VQ-30 H P, 33VR-40 H P 30 x 3 x 12 11-CG-95 live shaft 1 lOx(lthru2)xl 13600 (Reinforced) 10-CG-125 live shaft 1 12 x (1 thru2) x 1% 3960 30 x 3 x 12 1 9-CG-125live shaft 1 14 xflthru2)x 1% 13381 1 *Wheel Shape-Type 1 8-CG-125 live shaft 16 x (2 thru 2%) x 6 2970 United States Electrical Tool Co., Ft. Mitchell. KK. 6-CG-125-2s live shaft 20 x (2 thru 3) 20"-2340 x 16.8 or 10) 17"-2808 Machine1 Wheel Spindle Model Size Shape SpeedlRBM 6-CG-125live shaft 20 x (2 thru 3) x (6,8or 10) 4-CG-125-2s live shaft 24 x (2thru3) x 12 24"-1980 14 x 3 Tv~e2 1 19I/zu-2412 Floorstand Grinders (all live shaft) 1 2-24-A-S3-125.12-24-A-S-125.1 24'x 12 thru 3) x 12 1 1988 var. 1 G-50-24-125 2-30-A-S3-125.12-30-A-S-125. 30 x (2 thru 3) x 12 1 1590 var. 1

1 2-30-2-125,2-30-3-125 130x(2thru3)x12 1584var. 1

NOTE: All Fox Machines can be supplied at 9500 SFPM or 12,500 76-10 HP, 76-15 HP, SFPM. 76-20 H P 30 x 3 Straight Wheel 18-95-A dead shaft uses aType 6 Shape. All others use 1 1590-2650 straight wheels. 30 x 3 I Straight Wheel 30 x 3 I Straight Wheel

FOUNDRY SNAGGING

Relative Durability Guide More I ,Faster, Cooler 1 Durable Cutting Abrasive Z F 3ZF 4ZF 5ZF Grit Size 1234 1434 1634 2034

The X345 bond system has been designed to complement the highly successful X337 system. It is a slightly more heat sensitive bond that should beselected for new accounts or "finetuning" present specifications. Contact your Norton Sales Supervisor for more detailed information on the X345 bond system.

Specification Selection Guide 7 Wheel Specifications 6500 SFPM 9500 SFPM 12500 SFPM Application Light ~res&reHeavy Pressure 1 Light Pressure Heavy Pressure Light Pressure Heavy Pressure Aluminum 37C24-NVK 37C16-PVK 1 ~~20-PBSX~AC20-PBSX4 ~~AC~~-RBSX~23AC24-RBSX4 #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat Brass 37C24-NVK 37C16-PVK AC20-PBSX4 ACPO-PBSX4 23AC24-RBSX4 23AC24-RBSX4 #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat Bronze 37C24-NVK 37C16-PVK AC20-PBSX4 AC20-PBSX4 23AC24-RBSX4 23AC24-RBSX4 #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat #12 treat Ductile Iron 37C24-QVK 37C16-QVK 4ZF1434-PBSLX337 4ZF1434-RBSLX337 4ZF1434-PBSX337 4ZF1434-RBSX337 Forgings A24-05V A24-Q5V 4ZF1434-QBSLX337 4ZF1434-RBSLX33i 4ZF1434-PBSX337 4ZF1434-RBSX337 General Purpose: 12" and less 14" and over Gray Iron: high tensile (over 25,000 PSI) low tensile & fine grain Malleable Iron: annealed unannealed Steel Castings Steel (hard types) Stainless Steel Welds

Fault Finding and Correction Guide r Problem Possible Causes Suggested Correction 1. Burning of workpiece Not enough pressure. Increase amount of pressure or reduce contact area. Wheel too hard. Use softer grade and/or coarser grit wheel. Wheel face loaded. Dress to open wheel face. 2. Wheel slows or stalls Pressure too high. Reduce pressure or reduce contact area. Belt slippage Adjust and retighten belts. Wheel too hard. Use softer grade of wheel. 3. Wheel corner breakdown Wheel too coarse. Use finer grit wheel. Worn spindle. Check spindle run out and correct. Wheel too soft Use harder grade wheel. *

Common Dimensional Standards For further information, the following pieces of literatureareavailable Specify wheel operating speed on order. by writing Norton Company, Marketing Communications Distribution Center, Worcester, MA 01606:

Form 2697 ZF Snagging Wheels Form 4611 Norton FS Wheels (Floorstand & Swingframe Grinding)

INTERNAL GRINDING

Internal grinding refers to the grinding of bores or holes and-isprob- Most internal grinding wheelsare Type 1,5 or6 in diameters up to ably one of the most difficult types of grinding. Requirements of 4 inches with vitrified bond in ALUNDUM (A, 23A, 32A, 38A, 53A, internal grinding range from very rapid removal of stock to proc- 57A) and CRYSTOLON (37C, 39C) abrasives. The range of grit esses capable of generating size and concentricity measured in sizes and grades is as follows: millionths of an inch. I I I I The nature of the work/wheel relationship in internal grinding pro- foundly affects the choice of the grinding wheel. The size of the . . wheel used in internal grinding is usually considerably smaller than 70 ( Work Parts Rc 50-60 I those used in cylindrical, centerless or surface grinding. For instance, 80 to internally grind a part with a two inch diameter hole a wheel no Production Grinding larger than 1% inches in diameter would be used. To O.D. grind the 1: outside of a two inch diameter part a wheel 16, 20, or 24 inches in I I diameter would normally be used. In surface grinding if the circum- 120 ference of the part was laid out flat and placed on a surface grinder 150 Smaller Wheels a wheel at least seven inches in diameter would be used. 180 220 Precision Mounted Wheels The amount of stock to be removed by each method does not vary, I but, the part of the wheel that does the work, the working surface 240 Miniature Mounted Wheels on the outside diameter, is five to sixteen times smaller in internal I 280 Q-T ,096'' diameter and smaller grinding than in the others. Internal wheels are primarily used in the bearing, automobile, aircraft, aerospace, electrical and engine industries and within tool rooms and general shops in almost all industries. Generally, wheel speeds range between 6500 and 8500 SFPM, although specially designed high-production machines operate at speeds up to 12,500 SFPM. (For all speeds above 6500 SFPM verify the specification recommendation with your Norton Sales Supervisor.) For average conditions, work speeds should be in the range of 150-200 SFPM. Typical Machines Used Bosc h Cincinnati Majestic Brown and Sharp Heald Oerlikon/Springfield Bryant Jones and Shipman Rivett Landis UVA Specification Selection Guide General Specifications. The specific recommendations listed below may be used as a guide. in selecting wheels for internal grinding. Because of the many factors affecting internal grinding wheel selection, the grades and the grit size may have to be modified to meet the particular conditions and part size. For production operations, it might be desirable to specify finer and harder wheels than those used for tool room grinding. This is because production grindi~gis usually performed on machines that were built for the job and have rigidity, rapid automatic feeds and table speeds, together with automatic dressing. Hence, harder wheels do not break down easily, hold the size more accurately and produce a satisfactory finish. Refer to the Tool Room Section for tool room grinding specifications.

Application Wheel Soecifications* 1 Alnico Aluminum urface Laid Flat Armatures (laminations) Ball and roller bearing bores Ball Bearing Races grind outer race (form) 53A120-L6VBE #22 Treat The amount of wheel and work in contact at the point of grinding grind outer race (oscillating) also varies greatly. In surface and O.D. grinding there is line con- wheel diameters --'A'' -%" A901-T14R34 1" - 3" tact, hence the grinding chips or swarf leave the work area imme- A150-R12R34, or diately and do not obstruct the grinding action. In internal grinding A901-T8R34 the work wraps itself around the wheel. The large area of contact 3" up A1001 -P4R30, A1001-R4R3 spreads out the unit pressure generated by the depth of feed, which internal grind bore 53A80-K5VBE, or makes it difficult to inject coolant to cool, lubricate and remove CBN (contact chips. Also, the pressure, which is needed to make the grinding Worcester Product Engr.) wheel break down and stay sharp, is decreased. Boron Carbide (Norbide) roughing (1Al,lA8) Another problem is wheel rigidity. The fact that the grinding wheel finishing (1A1, 1A8) must stick out several inches or more, along with the resistance to Brass cut because of the broad area of contact, coupled with possible vi- Bronze bration from the machine or loose spindles, compound the internal soft ,. grinding problems. hard . ' 'See footnote on next page. (continued) M61 This document is for viewing while on this website only. Copying, printing, saving or otherwise duplicating this document is prohibited and violates the Terms Of Use agreement. PRODUCT APPLICATION & SELECTION INTERNAL GRINDING

Specification Selection Guide Specification Selection Guide (cont.)

Wheel Soecificationa* Application Wheel Specifications Propeller hubs (cone seats) cast iron rough and finish fine finish hardened steel Roller bearing cups Cartridge dies (tungsten steel) Rocker arm Straight and tapered bores: Silicon Nitride roughing roughing (1A1,2A2) finishing finishing (1A1, 2A2) Cast Iron Sprayed Materials general nickel, chrome, Cemented carbides cobalt and stainless roughing carbide, zirconia, tungsten, finishing alumina, zirconate, high Ceramics cobalt and titania very hard (1A1, 1A8, WS) hard (1Al, 1A8, WS) Sprayed Metal Chrome plated parts Steel small castings and forgings 1 soft I large hardened Colmonoy nitrided

Connecting rods I high speed Cylinders (aircraft) molybdenum steel: stainless (non-hardenable, roughing 300 series) finishing stainless (hardenable, regrinding 400 series) 53A60-K5VBE, or Nitrided steel: 23A60-K5VBE, before nitriding or 37C60-K5V after nitriding Stellite (also Resalloy, Tantung) 53A60-J5VBE regrinding Titanium 39C80-18VK Cylinders (Automotive) Tool steels see tool room section regrinding (wheels) Tungsten 37C60-H8V Valve seats (steel) 53A70-P7VBE honing (new cylinders, Valve lifter bodies 57A1001-M6VBE sticks) commercial finish ( Waspalloy (with straight oil) I 32A60-J5VBE

mirror finish 'Specifications shown in this section represent the most common Cylinders (diesel & locomotive) specification for production grinding. The recommendations Dies (blanking and drawing) shown in the GRINDING WHEEL RECOMMENDATIONS Section (at carbon steel end of manual) are starting specifications and should be used high carbon, high chrome where wheels must be shipped from stock and where cool cutting cemented carbides )remiurn abrasive are considered more valuable than a lower abra- Ferrite sive cost; i.e. - Tool Room Grinding. Ferrotic (Annealed State) Ferrotic (Hardened State) Gages, Ring (steel) roughing finishing Wheel size recommendations. Wheels should be ordered as close fine finishing to "ready grind" size as possible. Some allowance for truing the Gears (hardened steel) wheel must be made. For production internal grinding operations, internal and face grind wheels can be ordered with decimal sizes to minimize oversize Gun barrels (37mm to 90mm) and decrease the amount of truing. grind contours of cartridge chamber Hastalloy lnconel or lnconel X (with heavy duty or straight oil) Monel metal NiHard NOROC Piston Rings (Cast Iron) Snagging (continued)

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