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Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet, Consectetuer Adipiscing Elit strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca – 109 – università degli studi di Firenze DIPARTIMENTO di ITALIANISTICA BiBliOteca DIGITALE cOmitatO scientiFicO adele dei anna dolfi simone magherini massimo moneglia volumi pubblicati: moderna [diretta daa nna dolfi] 1. Giuseppe Dessí. Storia e catalogo di un archivio, a cura di agnese landini, 2002. 2. Le corrispondenze familiari nell’archivio Dessí, a cura di chiara andrei, 2003. 3. Nives trentini, Lettere dalla Spagna. Sugli epistolari a Oreste Macrí, 2004. 4. Lettere a Ruggero Jacobbi. Regesto di un fondo inedito con un’appendice di lettere, a cura di Francesca Bartolini, 2006. 5. «L’Approdo». Copioni, lettere, indici, a cura di michela Baldini, teresa spignoli e del grap, sotto la direzione di anna dolfi, 2007 (cd-rom allegato con gli indici della rivista e la schedatura completa di copioni e lettere). 6. Anna dolfi, Percorsi di macritica, 2007 (cd-rom allegato con il Catalogo della Biblio- teca di Oreste Macrí). 7. Ruggero Jacobbi alla radio, a cura di eleonora pancani, 2007. 8. Ruggero Jacobbi, Prose e racconti. Inediti e rari, a cura di silvia Fantacci, 2007. 9. Luciano curreri, La consegna dei testimoni tra letteratura e critica. A partire da Nerval, Valéry, Foscolo, d’Annunzio, 2009. 10. Ruggero Jacobbi, Faulkner ed Hemingway. Due nobel americani, a cura di nicola turi, 2009. 11. Sandro piazzesi, Girolamo Borsieri. Un colto poligrafo del Seicento. Con un inedito «Il Salterio Affetti Spirituali», 2009. 12. A Giuseppe Dessí. Lettere di amici e lettori. Con un’appendice di lettere inedite, a cura di Francesca nencioni, 2009. 13. Giuseppe dessí, Diari 1949-1951, a cura di Franca linari, 2009. linguistica [diretta da massimo moneglia] 1. Bootstrapping Information from Corpora in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective, edited by massimo moneglia and alessandro panunzi, 2010. 2. Alessandro panunzi, La variazione semantica del verbo essere nell'italiano parlato, 2010. 3. Language, Cognition and Identity. Extensions of the endocentric/exocentric language typology, edited by emanuela cresti and iørn Korzen, 2010. informatica e letteratura [diretta da simone magherini] 1. BIL Bibliografia Informatizzata Leopardiana 1815-1999. Manuale d’uso vers. 1.0, a cura di simone magherini, 2003. Language, Cognition and Identity extensions of the endocentric/exocentric language typology edited by emanuela cresti iørn Korzen Firenze university press 2010 language, cognition and identity : extensions of the endocentric/exocentric language typology / edited by emanuela cresti and iørn Korzen. – Firenze : Firenze university press, 2010. (strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca ; 109) http://digital.casalini.it/ 9788864532264 isBn 978-88-6453-220-2 (print) isBn 978-88-6453-226-4 (online) immagine di copertina: alessandro geri rustighi progetto grafico di alberto pizarro Fernández © 2010 Firenze university press università degli studi di Firenze Firenze university press Borgo albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy INDEX INTRODUCTION VII PREDICATI E SOSTANTIVI COMPLESSI: COMPLEMENTARITÀ E ISOMORFIA 1 Michael Herslund KANTIAN GRAMMAR APPLIED TO FRENCH, DANISH AND ENGLISH 9 Hanne Korzen I VERBI GENERALI NEI CORPORA DI PARLATO. UN PROGETTO DI ANNOTAZIONE SEMANTICA CROSS-LINGUISTICA 27 Massimo Moneglia, Alessandro Panunzi ITALIANO LINGUA ESOCENTRICA: L’USO DEI TEMPI VERBALI NELLA NARRAZIONE 47 Luisa Amenta DA UNA LINGUA ENDOCENTRICA AD UNA LINGUA ESOCENTRICA? IL CASO DELL’ITALIANO 61 Emanuela Cresti L’ITALIANO IN UNA PROSPETTIVA DI TREEBANK. IL COPENHAGEN DEPENDENCY TREEBANK PROJECT: ASPETTI SINTATTICI E TESTUALI 77 Iørn Korzen SPANISH IN A TREEBANK PERSPECTIVE. THE COPENHAGEN DEPENDENCY TREEBANK PROJECT. MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS 99 Henrik Høeg Müller LE RISORSE DI RETE DELL'ITALIANO. PRESENTAZIONE DEL PROGETTO “RIDIRE.IT” 111 Massimo Moneglia, Samuele Paladini ANCORA SULLE “RISORGENZE DIALETTALI”. PALERMO E IL SUO REPERTORIO FRA CONTINUITÀ E INNOVAZIONE 129 Mari D’Agostino Cresti E., Korzen I. (eds), Language, Cognition and Identity. Extensions of the endocentric / exocentric language typology © 2010 Firenze University Press. DYSPHEMISM AND NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND CLASS IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN 141 Nora Galli de’ Paratesi LINGUA E IDENTITÀ. LA POLITICA NELLA RETE DI FACEBOOK 155 Marco Gargiulo HUMOUR IN INTERCULTURAL PROFESSIONAL SETTINGS. A SHORTCUT TO LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND IDENTITY 167 Lita Lundquist LEXICAL SEMANTICS NEGOTIATED. ASSESSING THE FAIRNESS AND MISLEADING POTENTIAL OF ESTABLISHED AND NOVEL FOOD NAMES 191 Viktor Smith INTRODUCTION This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the two day Italian-Danish linguistic seminar entitled Lingua, cognizione e identità: estensioni della tipologia delle lingue endo- ed esocentriche. The seminar was held at the Italian Department of the University of Florence on the 22nd and 23rd of September 2009 and was co- organised by Emanuela Cresti and Massimo Moneglia, Florence, and Iørn Korzen, Copenhagen Business School (CBS), as a part of the LABLITA workshop in Corpus Linguistics. Korzen is a member of the CBS based research group “TypoLex”, which for the past 13 years has been exploring linguistic typology, focussing mainly on the typological differences between the Germanic and Romance languages, which the group refers to as endocentric and exocentric languages, respectively. The scholars are led by Michael Herslund and have organised annual conferences and seminars at various European universities. The seminar in Florence was the group’s eleventh seminar in general and its fourth in Italy, following similar events in Turin (1999), Rome (Roma Tre, 2003) and Cagliari (2007). According to the group’s terminology, an endocentric language is a language whose verbs are lexically precise and concrete whereas its nouns are abstract and vague. Therefore, the informational weight can be said to be located in the centre of the sentence (hence “endo-” [within] “-centric”). On the other hand, an exocentric language has lexically precise and concrete nouns and abstract verbs, thus locating the informational weight outside the verbal centre of the sentence (hence “exo-” [outside] “-centric”). The Germanic languages prove to be (more or less clear-cut) endocentric languages and the Romance languages exocentric, and the mentioned lexical differences entail differences at other levels as well, linguistic (e.g. in the textual structure and in the choice of anaphors) as well as extralinguistic (e.g. in dimensions such as cognition and identity). The papers presented at the seminar and now compiled in this multilingual volume deal in various ways with these phenomena and are grouped into three main parts. The first part contains contributions focused primarily on grammar and addressing the endo-/exocentric approach theoretically with examples from the Romance languages Italian and French and the Germanic languages English, German and Danish. In Predicati e sostantivi complessi: complementarità e isomorfia, Michael Herslund (CBS) investigates the extent to which the basic Cresti E., Korzen I. (eds), Language, Cognition and Identity. Extensions of the endocentric / exocentric language typology © 2010 Firenze University Press. VIII LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND IDENTITY complementarity between the exocentric and endocentric languages is repeated in complex expressions, or secondary lexicalization. In exocentric languages, the canonical pattern is one of abstract verbs expressing e.g. PATH and concrete nouns expressing CONFIGURATION, whereas the opposite is the case in endocentric languages, where verbs express MANNER and nouns FUNCTION. When creating concrete verbal expressions of MANNER in exocentric languages, a procedure of compounding is chosen (viz. venire correndo), whereas in endocentric languages the secondary lexicalization creating more abstract verbal expressions has the shape of a derivation (viz. Hinauslaufen). When creating abstract nouns expressing FUNCTION rather than CONFIGURATION, exocentric languages use derivation (viz. sale – saliera), in contrast to endocentric languages, which in order to create nouns expressing CONFIGURATION rather than FUNCTION use compounding (viz. Salz – Salznapf, Salzstreuer). The basic complementarity of the primary lexicalization is thus repeated in the creation of expressions taking on the features that are characteristic of the opposite type. In her paper Kantian grammar applied to French, Danish and English, Hanne Korzen (CBS) continues her investigation of Kant, whom - according to Korzen - many linguists refer to, though seemingly without taking him seriously. The scholar shows that a closer look at Kant’s cognitive model yields insight into important aspects of the syntactic-semantic constitution of the sentence in different languages. Her main study object is the difference between space and time adjuncts on the one hand, and causal adjuncts on the other. It appears that causal adjuncts behave differently from adjuncts of place and time and that their behaviour and the way they differ from time and place adjuncts is the same in French, Danish and English although the three languages are radically different in many other respects. Hanne Korzen has created a sentence model that seems to fit nicely into Kant’s cognitive model, and which may indicate that we are dealing with universal phenomena. The paper I verbi generali nei corpora di parlato. Un progetto di annotazione semantica cross-linguistica by Massimo Moneglia and Alessandro Panunzi focuses on one main lexical correlation of exocentric
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