Italy Has Declared War on the Ottoman Empire
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TREATY 8: a British Columbian Anomaly
TREATY 8: A British Columbian Anomaly ARTHUR J. RAY N THE ANNALS OF NATIVE BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1999 undoubtedly will be remembered as the year when, in a swirl of controversy, Ithe provincial legislature passed the Nisga'a Agreement. The media promptly heralded the agreement as the province's first modern Indian treaty. Unmentioned, because it has been largely forgotten, was the fact that the last major "pre-modern" agreement affecting British Columbia -Treaty 8 - had been signed 100 years earlier. This treaty encompasses a sprawling 160,900-square-kilometre area of northeastern British Columbia (Map 1), which is a territory that is nearly twenty times larger than that covered by the Nisga'a Agreement. In addition, Treaty 8 includes the adjoining portions of Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Treaty 8 was negotiated at a time when British Columbia vehemently denied the existence of Aboriginal title or self-governing rights. It therefore raises two central questions. First, why, in 1899, was it ne cessary to bring northeastern British Columbia under treaty? Second, given the contemporary Indian policies of the provincial government, how was it possible to do so? The latter question raises two other related issues, both of which resurfaced during negotiations for the modern Nisga'a Agreement. The first concerned how the two levels of government would share the costs of making a treaty. (I will show that attempts to avoid straining federal-provincial relations over this issue in 1899 created troublesome ambiguities in Treaty 8.) The second concerned how much BC territory had to be included within the treaty area. -
Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study On
Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study on the Enbridge Gateway Pipeline An Assessment of the Impacts of the Proposed Enbridge Gateway Pipeline on the Carrier Sekani First Nations May 2006 Carrier Sekani Tribal Council i Aboriginal Interests & Use Study on the Proposed Gateway Pipeline ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Carrier Sekani Tribal Council Aboriginal Interests & Use Study was carried out under the direction of, and by many members of the Carrier Sekani First Nations. This work was possible because of the many people who have over the years established the written records of the history, territories, and governance of the Carrier Sekani. Without this foundation, this study would have been difficult if not impossible. This study involved many community members in various capacities including: Community Coordinators/Liaisons Ryan Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Bev Ketlo, Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Sara Sam, Nak’azdli First Nation Rosa McIntosh, Saik’uz First Nation Bev Bird & Ron Winser, Tl’azt’en Nation Michael Teegee & Terry Teegee, Takla Lake First Nation Viola Turner, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Elders, Trapline & Keyoh Holders Interviewed Dick A’huille, Nak’azdli First Nation Moise and Mary Antwoine, Saik’uz First Nation George George, Sr. Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Rita George, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Patrick Isaac, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Peter John, Burns Lake Band Alma Larson, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Betsy and Carl Leon, Nak’azdli First Nation Bernadette McQuarry, Nadleh Whut’en First Nation Aileen Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Donald Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Guy Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Vince Prince, Nak’azdli First Nation Kenny Sam, Burns Lake Band Lillian Sam, Nak’azdli First Nation Ruth Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Ryan Tibbetts, Burns Lake Band Joseph Tom, Wet’suwet’en First Nation Translation services provided by Lillian Morris, Wet’suwet’en First Nation. -
Burns Lake Rural and Francois Lake (North Shore) Official Community Plan 1
Burns Lake Rural and Francois Lake (North Shore) Official Community Plan 1 BURNS LAKE RURAL AND FRANCOIS LAKE (NORTH SHORE) OFFICIAL COMMUNITY PLAN BYLAW No. 1785, 2017 Schedule “A” Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako PLANNING DEPARTMENT RD 37 – 3 AVENUE PHONE (250) 692-3195 P.O. BOX 820 TOLL-FREE (800) 320-3339 BURNS LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA FAX (250) 692-1220 V0J 1E0 EMAIL: [email protected] RDBN Bylaw No. 1785, 2016 Section 1: Introduction January 12, 2017 2 Burns Lake Rural and Francois Lake (North Shore) Official Community Plan Please note that this document (Schedule “A”) is one of three parts of the Burns Lake Rural and Francois Lake (North Shore) Official Community Plan. This Plan also includes the Land Use Designation Map (Schedule “B”) and the Ecological and Wildlife Values Map (Schedule “C”) to which this document refers. Both maps can be viewed at the Regional District office. If you wish to obtain a copy of either map, large format copying charges apply. The maps are also available on the Regional District’s website: www.rdbn.bc.ca. Section 1: Introduction RDBN Bylaw No. 1785, 2017 LIST OF OCP AMENDMENTS Area B, E Commencing 2018 LIST OF OCP AMENDMENTS # BYLAW NO ADOPTION DATE CONTENT FOLIO NO. 1 1834 June 21, 2018 Designation changed from 755/10391.100 RE to RR 2 1913 September 17, 2020 Designation changed from 755/10382.000 “Resource (RE)” to “Rural Residential (RR)” Burns Lake Rural and Francois Lake (North Shore) Official Community Plan 3 Table of Contents SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 4 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................. -
Timeline: Cheslatta Carrier Nation and “Southside” Community 5000BC
Timeline: Cheslatta Carrier Nation and “Southside” Community (Updated to March 3 2021 by Mike Robertson) Please contact me for additions and/or corrections [email protected] 5000BC Archaeological evidence confirms 7000 years of human occupation in the Cheslatta Territory 1763 British Royal Proclamation reserved undefined North American land for Aboriginal people. 1770 est “Grandmother Cheslatta” born 1774 Juan Perez Hernandez claimed the Northwestern coast of North America for Spain. 1791 Spanish explorer Esteban Jose Martinez traded copper sheets to Nootka Sound Chief Maquinna for sawn timber. 1793 Alexander Mackenzie became the first white man to travel through Carrier and Sekani territories while looking for fur-trading areas for the North West Company. 1805-1807 - Simon Fraser established four trading posts in Carrier and Sekani territories: Fort McLeod, Fort George, Fort St. James and Fort Fraser. Until the Hudson Bay Company and North West Company joined together in 1821, Fort St. James was the centre of government and commerce in British Columbia (then called New Caledonia). It claims to be the oldest established white settlement on the B.C. Mainland 1807 February 10th Simon Fraser wrote a letter to express what he witnessed in Stella (Stellaquo). “Almost all Natlians are gone over to Steela.. to grand feast to burn and exhume a couple of chiefs that died of late. When they return from there they will go to the mountains to kill Caribou.” 1828 Chief Kwah captured James Douglas at Ft. St. James, whom he held until his release was negotiated. The incident lead to conflict among different Carrier Nations. Douglas went on to become the first governor of the united colony of British Columbia. -
Minister of Mines PROVINCE of BRITISH COLUMBIA
Minister of Mines PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT for the Year Ended 31s December 1959 BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES VICTORIA, B.C. HON. W. K. KIERNAN, Minister. P. J. MULCAHY, Deputy Minister. J. W. PECK, Chief Inspector of Mines. S. METCALFE, Chief Analyst and Assayer. HARTLEY SARGENT, Chief, Mineralogical Branch. K. B. BLAKEY, Chief Gold Commissioner and Chief Commissioner. Petroleum and Natural Gas. J. D. LINEHAM, Chief, Petroleum and Natural Gas Conservation Branch. To His Honour FRANK MACKENZIE Ross, C.M.G., MC., LL.D., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: The Annual Report of the Mining industry of the Province for the year 1959 is herewith respectfully submitted. VI. K. KIERNAN, Minister of Mines. Minister of Mines Office, March 31st, 1960. Brian Terence O’Grady died at Victoria on July lZth, 1959, at the age of 76. He had been in the employ of the Department from 1920 until his retirement in April, 1948. He was very well known in the mining industry. Mr. O’Grady was born in Madras, India, and was educated in Eng- land at Wellington College and the Royal School of Mines. After three years in South Africa he came to Canada in 1907. From 1910 to 1913 he was engineer in charge of surveys for the Municipality of Victoria. He was on active service from 1914 to 1918, winning the Military Cross and the Serbian White Eagle. He joined the Department as Assistant Resident Mining Engineer at Revelstoke in 1920, became successively Resident Mining Engineer at Nelson and Vancouver, and from 193X was engaged in special work at Victoria. -
Salvelinus Confluentus) and Dolly Varden (S. Malma
Molecular evidence of current and historical introgressive hybridization between bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and Dolly Varden (S. malma) by ZOE REDENBACH B.Sc, University of British Columbia, 1997 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2000 © Zoe Redenbach, 2000 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT Natural hybridization, once thought to be relatively rare, has been widely observed in both plants and animals. Studies of species that hybridize at low rates across wide ranges, however, are still relatively rare. Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and bull trout (S. confluentus) have widely overlapping ranges and have been shown to hybridize at two localities. This thesis is a molecular analysis of Dolly Varden / bull trout hybridization over a range of spatial scales. Large-scale mtDNA phylogeography revealed that Dolly Varden survived the last glaciation in a previously unsuspected refuge south of the ice sheet, which resulted in continuous sympatry of a Dolly Varden refugial population with bull trout over the last 100,000 years. -
Fish 2002 Tec Doc Draft3
BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF WATER, LAND AND AIR PROTECTION - 2002 Environmental Indicator: Fish in British Columbia Primary Indicator: Conservation status of Steelhead Trout stocks rated as healthy, of conservation concern, and of extreme conservation concern. Selection of the Indicator: The conservation status of Steelhead Trout stocks is a state or condition indicator. It provides a direct measure of the condition of British Columbia’s Steelhead stocks. Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are highly valued by recreational anglers and play a locally important role in First Nations ceremonial, social and food fisheries. Because Steelhead Trout use both freshwater and marine ecosystems at different periods in their life cycle, it is difficult to separate effects of freshwater and marine habitat quality and freshwater and marine harvest mortality. Recent delcines, however, in southern stocks have been attributed to environmental change, rather than over-fishing because many of these stocks are not significantly harvested by sport or commercial fisheries. With respect to conseration risk, if a stock is over fished, it is designated as being of ‘conservation concern’. The term ‘extreme conservation concern’ is applied to stock if there is a probablity that the stock could be extirpated. Data and Sources: Table 1. Conservation Ratings of Steelhead Stock in British Columbia, 2000 Steelhead Stock Extreme Conservation Conservation Healthy Total (Conservation Unit Name) Concern Concern Bella Coola–Rivers Inlet 1 32 33 Boundary Bay 4 4 Burrard -
The British Columbia ROCKHOUNDER SILENCE
The British Columbia ROCKHOUNDER #6 - 2401 Ord Road Kamloops, BC V2B 7V8 Published quarterly by the British Columbia Lapidary Society Executive of the Society SILENCE President Rudy Zimmerman There is a silence that you hear and feel, deep Past President Win Robertson 1st Vice President John Bowman in the woods or at sunset in the desert. 2nd Vice President Harley Waterson When for a few moments the birds are hushed 3rd Vice President Randall DeFuhr and the wind is stilled, but the most silent si- Treasurer Diane Bowman lence in the world is when the President of the Executive Secretary Donnamae Chionis Recording Secretary Terry Bacon Society asks for a volunteer. Please stop sitting on YOUR good intentions and dare to say, YES, I’LL HELP. Remember, Address of the Society it’s not THEIR gem show or SOMEONE ELSE’S 1160 Sealord Road Gem show, it is EVERY MEMBERS show and Richmond, BC V7A 3L2 PH. 604-277-3222, Fax 604-821-4603 YOU are needed to make it a success. E mail: [email protected] Please remember, being busy may be a reason, but not an excuse. Everyone is busy. Your help is needed on the BC Gem Show com- Contents mittee and at the Show, so say YES when called on, or be daring…… Geological Diversity: northen BC has it all ...................... 1 Making the Leap ............................................................ 5 Prospecting for Opal ....................................................... 6 Gemstones in Folklore - part 2 ........................................ 13 VOLUNTEER Rockhounding at the East End of Taltapin Lake ............. 14 via the Pegmatite Bulletin 10/02 (with changes) Tracking the North Magnetic Pole .................................. -
ANNEX K Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline Project Mcleod Lake Indianpink Mountain Band Statement of Intent and Reserves OSPIKA CONES (ER)
ANNEX K Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline Project McLeod Lake IndianPink Mountain Band Statement of Intent and Reserves OSPIKA CONES (ER) ED BIRD- ESTELLA LEGEND Ing e ni k a LAKES LEGEND PARK Hal f wa y GR AHAM- LAUR IER Ri v e r PAR K 97 Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline Ri v e r Ri v e r McLeod Lake Indian Band CHASE Statement of Intent Boundary PAR K Ospi k a Ch arl i e Lak e Me si li n ka Fort St. John !( Wi ll ist o n ! McLeod Lake Indian Band Reserves BUTLER ! Taylor Ospika RIDGE Arm PARK Ri v e r Ri v e r Parks and Protected Areas Ri v e r Pe a ce Osi li n ka La ke Wi l l ist o n AL BER TA Lak e ! City or Town Omi ne c a Hudson's Hope !( Pe a ce Re a ch Ri v e r Dawson Moberly Lake Highway 27 ! Creek Cl e arw at e r 97 ! Dri ftw o o d OMINECA PARK !( ! Pouce Roads Chetwynd ! Germansen Coupe R Ri v e r L Pa rsn ip Cr Pi n e Takla 29 GWILLIM / LAKE PIN E LE PARK Re a ch MORAY NATION PAR K Scale LAKES Mackenzie km ! Fort Babine PARK !( 2 0 30 60 90 MOUNT Lake BLANCHET Tumbler Ridge PARK ! Na ti on Lak e s 39 BEARHOLE M A P K E Y LAKE PARK !( !(!( !( !(!( Mc Le od Inz ana Granisle Lak e CARP !( ! Trem bl e ur Lak e !( BB r r i i t t i i s s h h Fort Babine Lak e LAKE Nelson PARK !( !( CC o o l l u u m m b b i i a a Tezz eron !( !( !( Lake RUBYROCK !( MONKMAN L !( PARK LAKE 97 PARK Prince Rupe rt St ua rt !( Dav i e !(L Topley Topley ! L !( Prince George ! Fort St. -
Francois Lake Management Plan May 2000 Prepared by Lisa
Francois Lake Management Plan May 2000 Prepared by Lisa Westenhofer, Anne-Marie Roberts and Ian Sharpe for the Funded by the Ministry of Environment Lands and Parks FRANCOIS LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN PREPARED BY LISA WESTENHOFER, ANNE-MARIE ROBERTS AND IAN SHARPE FOR THE LAKES PROTECTION SOCIETY PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BC ENVIRONMENT SMITHERS, BC MAY, 2000 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This edition of the Francois Lake Management Plan was prepared under the guidance of Ian Sharpe, Impact Assessment Biologist, B.C Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. We extend a special thank you to Shauna Rysavy for being able to draw on the ideas and information contained in the management plans that she prepared for Lake Kathlyn and Tyhee Lake. These management plans had great impact on the format and character of this plan. We would also like to acknowledge Brice Field (1999), and Hina Zaidi (2000) Katimavik Participants for their contributions to updating sections of this plan. We thank the many individuals, citizens and agency staff who provided the information contained in the plan. The co-operation, support and input of the Lakes Protection Society members was greatly appreciated. This project was funded by the Environmental Protection Branch of the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Thanks to the BC Lakes Stewardship Society this plan is available at www.nalms.org/bclss/lakestewardshiptools.htm ii FOREWORD This Lake Management Plan was written for the purpose of allowing the residents on and around Francois Lake to have a voice in the future development plans for this area. It is hoped that the Regional District of Bulkley Nechako planners will make use of this plan when deciding on future development strategies. -
REGION 6 - Skeena
REGION 6 - Skeena CONTACT INFORMATION Fish and Wildlife Regional Office Salmon Information: (250) 847-7260 Bag 5000, 3726 Alfred Ave Fisheries and Oceans Canada Smithers BC V0J 2N0 District Offices (DFO) Conservation Officer Service Terrace: (250) 615-5350 Please call 1-877-952-7277 for recorded Smithers: (250) 847-2312 information or to make an appointment at New Aiyansh: (250) 633-2408 any of the following Field Offices: North Coast Atlin, Burns Lake, Dease Lake, Smithers (Prince Rupert): (250) 627-3499 and Terrace Whitehorse (MU’s 6-19 to 6-29): (867) 393-6722 R.A.P.P. Report All Poachers and Polluters Conservation Officer 24 Hour Hotline STAY UP TO DATE: 1-877-952-RAPP (7277) Check website for in-season changes or Cellular Dial #7277 closure dates for the 2021-2023 season Please refer to page 78 for more information at: www.gov.bc.ca/FishingRegulations rapp.bc.ca A L S Bennett E L K 6-28 Atlin YUKON (CANADA) R Tagish Lower Post Teslin 6-29 SKAGW AY Atlin R Lake R Lake E V I R R 7-53 E E U L 6-27 I V 6-25 L Lake A B I T R 7-55 E D R S ATLIN L LYNN PARK I Cassiar F O N R T 6-24 E S R A CANA D E K L MUN CH O 7-54 E C R LAKE H I N I U K R 6-23 L K PARK K I N E 7-49 R A A V T R I Tulsequah E R V I STON E MOUN TAI N R Dease PARK 6-26 N 7-52 Lake I 7-51 D JUNEAU A N U O G S A M S N U O S A R C R U S T K STEPHENS Y R W U I A T V E R C H I C H A G O F R 6-22 I V 7-50 E E ADMIR ALTY N R I Telegraph 6-19 PASSAGE I S L K Creek A N D C I MOUN T H ISL K A AND KWAD AC HA T ALASKA (USA) L T A H S SPATSIZI WILDE RNE SS P A ED ZIZA R O I PARK P M P -
Factors Limiting Juvenile Sockeye Production and Enhancement Potential for Selected B.C
Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Science Sciences C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Research Document 2001/098 Document de recherche 2001/098 Not to be cited without Ne pas citer sans permission of the authors 1 autorisation des auteurs 1 FACTORS LIMITING JUVENILE SOCKEYE PRODUCTION AND ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL FOR SELECTED B.C. NURSERY LAKES K.S. Shortreed, K.F. Morton, K. Malange, and J.M.B. Hume Fisheries and Oceans Canada Marine Environment and Habitat Science Division 4222 Columbia Valley Highway Cultus Lake Laboratory, Cultus Lake, B.C. V2R 5B6 1 This series documents the scientific basis for 1 La présente série documente les bases the evaluation of fisheries resources in scientifiques des évaluations des ressources Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of halieutiques du Canada. Elle traite des the day in the time frames required and the problèmes courants selon les échéanciers documents it contains are not intended as dictés. Les documents qu’elle contient ne definitive statements on the subjects doivent pas être considérés comme des addressed but rather as progress reports on énoncés définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais ongoing investigations. plutôt comme des rapports d’étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans official language in which they are provided to la langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit the Secretariat. envoyé au Secrétariat. This document is available on the Internet at: Ce document est disponible sur l’Internet à: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/ ISSN 1480-4883 Ottawa, 2001 ABSTRACT In this report we present summaries of our current knowledge of freshwater factors limiting sockeye production from 60 B.C.