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Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
Linguistics Verbal Temporal Categories in Georgian Sign Language (GESL) Tamar Makharoblidze Ilia State University. Tbilisi, Ge
Linguistics Verbal Temporal Categories in Georgian Sign Language (GESL) Tamar Makharoblidze Ilia State University. Tbilisi, Georgia Presented by Academy Member Thomas Gamkrelidze Abstract GESL verbal morphology has its temporal system. Sign languages (SL) reveal their specific attitude toward spatial and temporal entities. The most shared temporal line in SL is as follows: -- distant past --/-- recent past ---/-- present /body--/-- near future --/-- distant future - The body is present, the future is ahead and back is past. Near close is the near future, close to the back is close past, and far away forward is a distant future and far away back is a distant past. Such an approach is shared by almost all SL with a very few exception. Obviously, the GESL has its temporal vocabulary as well. Time-related words often indicate circularity and cycling. Crucially, GESL also has the morphological verbal markers of tense (future and past), aspect and durative. The presented paper reveals these verbal temporal markers. Keywords: Tense aspect, sign languages, GESL (Georgian Sign Language) The Georgian sign language (GESL) is a native language for Deaf and Hard of Hearing people (DHH) of Georgia. These people are the linguistic minority of the country, and their number is about 2500. Crucially, in spite of a significant influence of the Russian Sign Language, GESL has its individual grammar system. The presented paper is one of the first investigations on the verbal temporal categories in this language. Usually sign languages (SL) demonstrate specific temporal systems with considerable variations. In SL linguistic information is encoded by non-verbal means. Thus, body position, mimic and manual signs display the linguistic content for any grammar category. -
Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004). -
Anastasia Bauer the Use of Signing Space in a Shared Signing Language of Australia Sign Language Typology 5
Anastasia Bauer The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Signing Language of Australia Sign Language Typology 5 Editors Marie Coppola Onno Crasborn Ulrike Zeshan Editorial board Sam Lutalo-Kiingi Irit Meir Ronice Müller de Quadros Roland Pfau Adam Schembri Gladys Tang Erin Wilkinson Jun Hui Yang De Gruyter Mouton · Ishara Press The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Sign Language of Australia by Anastasia Bauer De Gruyter Mouton · Ishara Press ISBN 978-1-61451-733-7 e-ISBN 978-1-61451-547-0 ISSN 2192-5186 e-ISSN 2192-5194 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. ” 2014 Walter de Gruyter, Inc., Boston/Berlin and Ishara Press, Lancaster, United Kingdom Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements This book is the revised and edited version of my doctoral dissertation that I defended at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Cologne, Germany in January 2013. It is the result of many experiences I have encoun- tered from dozens of remarkable individuals who I wish to acknowledge. First of all, this study would have been simply impossible without its partici- pants. The data that form the basis of this book I owe entirely to my Yolngu family who taught me with patience and care about this wonderful Yolngu language. -
201569Pub.Pdf
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201569 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-25 and may be subject to change. a journal of Börstell, Carl. 2019. Differential object marking in sign general linguistics Glossa languages. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4(1): 3. 1–18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.780 SQUIB Differential object marking in sign languages Carl Börstell Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT Nijmegen, NL [email protected] Sign languages are sometimes claimed to lack argument marking, yet they exhibit many devices to track and disambiguate referents. In this paper, I will argue that there are devices found across sign languages that demonstrate how object marking is a prevalent property and that these devices show clear parallels to differential object marking (DOM) as described for spoken languages. This includes animacy/prominence effects on word order and verbal modification, as well as dedicated object markers used exclusively with [+human] objects. Thus, I propose that DOM phenomena need to be taken into account in any future research on sign language structure, but also that sign languages should be accounted for in typological work on DOM. Keywords: Differential object marking; sign language; typology; animacy; prominence 1 Introduction Differential object marking (DOM) has been a well-known linguistic phenomenon for decades (Bossong 1985). DOM concerns object marking that is only present when the object has some specific properties – that is, not all objects are marked in the same way. -
Efc Members Share Good Practice on Organising Accessible Events
how do they do it? efc members share good practice on organising accessible events disability accessibility events EFC DISABILITY THEMATIC NETWORK how do they do it? efc members share good practice on organising accessible events annex to the zero project conference accessibility guidelines disability accessibility events EFC DISABILITY THEMATIC NETWORK Contents Foreword by Michael Fembek, Chair of the EFC Disability Thematic Network; and Director of the Zero Project, ESSL Foundation 2 Introduction — Why accessibility matters to EFC members 4 Organising accessible events — Good practice examples by EFC members 6 Organising accessible conferences in developing countries — We can do better Europe Foundation 7 Inclusive exhibitions — Art experiences for all Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca 8 New forms of accessible communications Fundación ONCE 9 Organising accessible events Genio 10 Developing an online community and meeting space Karuna Foundation Nepal 12 Online conferences for all Light for the World 13 Setting standards in event accessibility Sabancı Foundation 14 Creating arts and culture spaces — Barrier-free Stiftung Drachensee 16 Checklist for your accessible event 17 Key recommendations 19 About the Disability Thematic Network and the EFC 20 Contributors 21 1 EFC MEMBERS SHARE GOOD PRACTICE ON ORGANISING ACCESSIBLE EVENTS FOREWORD By Michael Fembek, Chair of the EFC Disability Thematic Network; and Director of the Zero Project, ESSL Foundation The Essl Foundation has organised the Zero Project Conferences annually now for eight -
Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Classic Case Studies in Psychology
Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Classic Case Studies in Psychology The human mind is both extraordinary and compelling. But this is more than a collection of case studies; it is a selection of stories that illustrate some of the most extreme forms of human behaviour. From the leader who convinced his followers to kill themselves to the man who lost his memory; from the boy who was brought up as a girl to the woman with several personalities, Geoff Rolls illustrates some of the most fundamental tenets of psychology. Each case study has provided invaluable insights for scholars and researchers, and amazed the public at large. Several have been the inspiration for works of fiction, for example the story of Kim Peek, the real Rain Man. This new edition features three new case studies, including the story of Charles Decker who was tried for the attempted murder of two people but acquitted on the basis of a neurological condition, and Dorothy Martin, whose persisting belief in an impending alien invasion is an illuminating example of cognitive dissonance. In addition, each case study is contextualized with more typical behaviour, while the latest thinking in each sub-field is also discussed. Classic Case Studies in Psychology is accessibly written and requires no prior knowledge of psychology, but simply an interest in the human condition. It is a book that will amaze, sometimes disturb, but above all enlighten its readers. Downloaded by [New York University] at 06:54 14 August 2016 Geoff Rolls is Head of Psychology at Peter Symonds College in Winchester and formerly a Research Fellow at Southampton University, UK. -
Sources of Variation in Mongolian Sign Language
33 Sources of Variation in Mongolian Sign Language Leah C. Geer University of Texas at Austin 1. Introduction1 During a nine month period in which data on Mongolian Sign Language (MSL) were collected in a Field Methods course, there were numerous instances of disagreement between language consultants on the correct sign for a given concept. The present paper seeks to describe these disagreements in terms of the potential sources of language variation among language consultants. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: In section 1 we provide a sampling of previous work on language contact and language variation and describe the link between them. We then discuss the linguistic outcomes of contact situations between signed and spoken languages versus signed and signed languages as they relate to the present investigation. In section 2 we describe how data were collected and annotated and in section 3 we present our findings. Section 4 includes a discussion of these findings with respect to previous work on language contact, language variation, and language attitudes. In section 5 we close with brief mention of how to expand upon this work in the future. 1.1 Background: Language contact and language variation Several studies of lexical variation in signed languages have been undertaken: Lucas, Bayley & Valli (1991) for American Sign Language (ASL); Schembri, Johnston & Goswell (2006), Schembri & Johnston (2006, 2007) for Australian Sign Language (Auslan); and McKee & McKee (2011) for New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL), just to 1 Many thanks are in order here. First to our consultants (and in particular NB who has maintained contact with me and always been eager to answer questions), who shared their language with our group. -
Automatic Classification of Handshapes in Russian Sign
Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages, pages 165–170 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020), Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Automatic Classification of Handshapes in Russian Sign Language Medet Mukushev∗, Alfarabi Imashev∗, Vadim Kimmelmany, Anara Sandygulova∗ ∗Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan yDepartment of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Handshapes are one of the basic parameters of signs, and any phonological or phonetic analysis of a sign language must account for handshapes. Many sign languages have been carefully analysed by sign language linguists to create handshape inventories. This has theoretical implications, but also applied use, as an inventory is necessary for generating corpora for sign languages that can be searched, filtered, sorted by different sign components (such as handshapes, orientation, location, movement, etc.). However, creating an inventory is a very time-consuming process, thus only a handful of sign languages have them. Therefore, in this work we firstly test an unsupervised approach with the aim to automatically generate a handshape inventory. The process includes hand detection, cropping, and clustering techniques, which we apply to a commonly used resource: the Spreadthesign online dictionary (www.spreadthesign.com), in particular to Russian Sign Language (RSL). We then manually verify the data to be able to apply supervised learning to classify new data. -
Comrie, Bernard – Ehrengast Panel 39: Panel on Caucasian Languages and Cultures
Comrie, Bernard – Ehrengast Panel 39: Panel on Caucasian languages and cultures Sprachökologie im Nordostkaukasus mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Tsesischen Der Kaukasus galt bei den alten arabischen Geografen zu Recht als Berg der Sprachen. In diesem Grenzgebiet zwischen Europa und Asien wohnen mehr als 50 ethnolinguistische Gruppen. Einige Sprachen gehören zu Sprachfamilien, die ihre Hauptverbreitung außerhalb des Kaukasus haben (Indogermanisch, z.B. Armenisch und Ossetisch, Turksprachen, z.B. Aserbaidschanisch, Kumykisch und Karatschai-Balkarisch), aber es bleiben immerhin drei autochthone Sprachfamilien, die auf den Kaukasus beschränkt sind: Kartwelisch (z.B. Georgisch), Westkaukasisch (z.B. Kabardinisch, Abchasisch) und Nachisch-Dagestanisch (Ostkaukasisch), der Kern dieses Berichts. Größere Sprecherzahlen sind die Ausnahme: Nur wenige Sprachen habe mehr als eine Million Sprecher (Aserbaidschanisch, Georgisch, Armenisch, Tschetschenisch), die anderen reichen von den Hundertausenden bis in die Hunderte (z.B. Hinuchisch mit 600 Sprechern). Diese Situation unterscheidet sich erheblich von den Nachbargebieten Europa und dem Nahen Osten, wo sich größere Sprachgemeinschaften zumindest seit Einführung des Ackerbaus gebildet haben (s. weiter Comrie 2008). Woher kommt diese Sprachenvielfalt, besonders wo sie ihren Höhepunkt im Nordostkaukasus (Tschetschenien, Inguschetien und Dagestan in der Russischen Föderation samt angrenzender Teile von Georgien und Aserbaidschan) und vor allem im westlichen Dagestan (andische und tsesische Sprachen innerhalb der nachisch- dagestanischen Familie) findet? Erstens könnte man meinen, dass dies den natürlichen Stand der Dinge vor der Bildung größerer politischer Einheiten in den letzten Jahrtausenden darstellt. Der Kaukasus würde jedoch immer im starken Kontrast zu den Nachbargebieten stehen, obwohl die Einführung des Ackerbaus ziemlich früh stattgefunden hat. Es handelt sich nicht um einen späten Rest von Jägern und Sammlern. -
Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation Through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of New Mexico University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Linguistics ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2009 Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds Recommended Citation Wilkinson, Erin. "Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds/40 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Linguistics ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TYPOLOGY OF SIGNED LANGUAGES: DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY BY ERIN LAINE WILKINSON B.A., Language Studies, Wellesley College, 1999 M.A., Linguistics, Gallaudet University, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Linguistics The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico August, 2009 ©2009, Erin Laine Wilkinson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION To my mother iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Barbara Pennacchi for kick starting me on my dissertation by giving me a room at her house, cooking me dinner, and making Italian coffee in Rome during November 2007. Your endless support, patience, and thoughtful discussions are gratefully taken into my heart, and I truly appreciate what you have done for me. I heartily acknowledge Dr. William Croft, my advisor, for continuing to encourage me through the long number of months writing and rewriting these chapters. -
Chapter 2 Sign Language Types
Chapter 2 Sign language types This chapter defines four different sign language types, based on the infor- mation available in the respective sources. Before introducing the types of sign languages, I first report on the diachronic developments in the field of typological sign language research that gave rise to the distinction of the various sign language types. Sign language research started about five decades ago in the United States of America mainly due to the pioneering work of Stokoe (2005 [1960]), Klima and Bellugi (1979), and Poizner, Klima and Bellugi (1987) on American Sign Language (ASL). Gradually linguists in other countries, mainly in Europe, became interested in sign language research and started analyzing European sign languages e.g. British Sign Language (BSL), Swedish Sign Language (SSL), Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) and German Sign Language (DGS). Most of the in-depth linguistic descrip- tions have been based on Western sign languages. Therefore, it has long been assumed that some fundamental levels of linguistic structure, such as spatial morphology and syntax, operate identically in all sign languages. Recent studies, however, have discovered some important variations in spatial organization in some previously unknown sign languages (Washabaugh, 1986; Nyst, 2007; Marsaja, 2008; Padden, Meir, Aronoff, & Sandler, 2010). In the context of growing interest in non-Western sign languages towards the end of the 1990s and more recently, there have been efforts towards developing a typology of sign languages (Zeshan, 2004ab, 2008, 2011b; Schuit, Baker, & Pfau, 2011). Although it has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature that the sign language research still has too little data on sign languages other than those of national deaf communities, based in Western or Asian cultures (Zeshan, 2008).