Nuevas Citas De Macrolíquenes Para Argentina Y Ampliaciones De Distribución En El Centro Del País

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Nuevas Citas De Macrolíquenes Para Argentina Y Ampliaciones De Distribución En El Centro Del País Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (3) 2016 J. M. Rodriguez et al. - Nuevas citas de macrolíquenes paraISSN Argentina0373-580 X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (3): 405-417. 2016 NUEVAS CITAS DE MACROLÍQUENES PARA ARGENTINA Y AMPLIACIONES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN EN EL CENTRO DEL PAÍS JUAN MANUEL RODRIGUEZ1*, JUAN MARTIN HERNANDEZ2, EDITH FILIPPINI1, MARTHA CAÑAS2 y CECILIA ESTRABOU1 Summary: New records of macrolichens and increasing distributional range in central Argentina. Four species of lichenized Ascomycetes are mentioned for the first time from Argentina: Endocarpon pallidulum, Placidium arboreum, Pyxine astridiana and Usnea michauxii. A brief description of each one is presented considering morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics. The distribution of 68 lichen species in Argentina is also extended. Key words: Diversity, taxonomy, lichenized Ascomycetes, South America. Resumen: Se mencionan por primera vez para el país cuatro especies de Ascomycetes liquenizados: Endocarpon pallidulum, Placidium arboreum, Pyxine astridiana y Usnea michauxii. Se presenta una breve descripción de cada una considerando características morfológicas, anatómicas y químicas. A su vez se amplía la distribución de 68 especies de líquenes en el centro de Argentina. Palabras clave: Diversidad, taxonomía, Ascomycetes liquenizados, Sudamérica. INTRODUCCIÓN consecuencia, genera una diversidad de formaciones vegetales que se traduce en provincias fitogeográficas La diversidad de líquenes en Argentina ha sido (Cabrera, 1971). Los territorios de llanura del centro motivo de numerosas revisiones y actualizaciones. del país son parte de las unidades del Chaco, Desde que se publicó el último catálogo de líquenes Espinal y Monte. A su vez, las Sierras Pampeanas para el país (Calvelo & Liberatore, 2002) algunos constituyen un importante gradiente alitudinal y grupos o géneros de macrolíquenes han sido se transforman en un reservorio de biodiversidad profundamente trabajados (Filippini et al., 2015; a causa de las notables diferencias climáticas que Rodríguez et al., 2011; Ferraro & Michlig, 2013; ocurren a medida que la altitud aumenta. La unidad Passo & Calvelo, 2006; Passo et al., 2008) y se han fitogeográfica que ocupa las montañas del centro de publicado otras novedades taxonómicas (Estrabou país es el Chaco Serrano. Esta vasta y diversa región et al., 2006; Michlig & Ferraro, 2012; Adler & ha sido pobremente explorada para la colección y Calvelo, 2010). estudio de los líquenes. Por este motivo el inicio de El centro de Argentina se corresponde con un trabajos sobre la diversidad y taxonomía de estos gradiente climático de dirección NE - SO que marca organismos en el área de estudio da como primer diferencias en precipitaciones y temperatura que, en resultado la ampliación del rango de distribución de numerosas especies. Esta información de base es relevante para futuros estudios en ecología y para la 1 IIByT (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) y conservación de los líquenes y de los ambientes de CERNAR (FCEFyN - UNC). Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611. los cuales dependen. Córdoba. En este trabajo se describen cuatro especies 2 CITCA (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca) como nuevas para el país y se amplía el rango y Facultad de Tecnología y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. * Autor para de distribución de 68 especies de macrolíquenes correspondencia: [email protected] previamente conocidas para Argentina. 405 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (3) 2016 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ostíolo claro (poco visible) e himenio con algas. Ascos globosos, ascósporas muriformes, 2 por Se estudiaron especímenes coleccionados asco, 38-47 μm x 12-20 μm. Química: K-, C-, CCD: recientemente por los autores en las provincias de negativa. Esta especie tiene una distribución amplia Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja, San Luis, Santiago en todo el mundo, en Sudamérica se registró en del Estero y Tucumán, de los cuales un ejemplar de Perú y Brasil (GBIF, 2015). cada especie por provincia se encuentra depositado en el herbario CORD. La metodología utilizada Material estudiado: ARGENTINA. Prov. para la identificación del material incluye métodos Córdoba: Dpto. Juárez Celman, Alejandro Roca, de rutina para el trabajo en taxonomía de líquenes: S 33° 18´ 31,80´´; O 63° 45´ 6,12´´, 215 m, sobre análisis morfológico (macro y microscópico), Celtis erhenbergiana, III-2014, Filippini 4078 anatómico y químico. Para la observación de las (CORD). esporas y conidios se realizaron cortes a mano alzada de los apotecios y picnidios, que fueron Placidium arboreum (Schwein. ex E. Michener) posteriormente montados en hidróxido de potasio Lendemer, Mycotaxon 90 (2): 320. 2004. Figura 1B al 5% para ser observados en microscopio óptico. La identificación de las sustancias liquénicas Talo escuamuloso, corticícola, marrón claro presentes fue realizada a través de reacciones a marrón oscuro en los bordes, escuámulas de puntuales de color con hidróxido de potasio al 5-10 mm de ancho, lobuladas, solapadas entre sí 10% (K), hipoclorito de sodio en concentración y cóncavas. Superficie superior lisa, sin brillo. comercial (C), K luego C (KC), fluorescencia en Soralios ausentes. Médula blanca, capa algal cámara de luz ultravioleta y Cromatografía en gruesa. Superficie inferior clara a amarronada, Capa Delgada (CCD) de acuerdo a la metodología con rizohifas hialinas a amarronadas, agrupadas propuesta por Orange et al. (2010). en cepillos. Peritecios con ostíolos oscuros y sin Los resultados se presentan en dos apartados: algas en el himenio. Ascos cilíndricos, ascósporas Nuevas citas para Argentina con la descripción elipsoidales uniseriadas, simples, hialinas, 9-13 μm completa de cuatro especies y Ampliaciones de x 4-16 μm. Química: K-, C-, CCD: negativa. distribución en Argentina. Para éstas últimas se cita Placidium arboreum sólo ha sido registrada en un artículo que contiene una descripción completa. Norte y Centro América (Lendemer & Yahr, 2004). Los datos de distribución en Argentina pueden consultarse en Calvelo & Liberatore (2002) y en Material estudiado: ARGENTINA, Prov. trabajos posteriores citados en la bibliografía de Córdoba: Dpto. General San Martín, Estancia cada especie. Se cita un ejemplar de cada especie Yucat, S 32° 21´ 59,46´´; O 63° 26´ 11,88´´, 230 por provincia, tanto para las ampliaciones como m, sobre Prosopis sp., V-2014, Filippini 4079 para las nuevas citas. (CORD). Pyxine astridiana Kalb, Bibl. Lichenol.24: RESULTADOS 33.1987. Figura 1C Nuevas citas para Argentina Talo folioso, corticícola, hasta 8 cm de diám., grisáceo a gris verdoso en el centro, fuertemente Endocarpon pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl., Nouv. adherido al sustrato. Lóbulos de 1-1,5 mm Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 106. 1892. Figura 1A. de ancho, con ápices redondeados y a veces cóncavos, ligeramente superpuestos. Superficie Talo escuamuloso, corticícola, beige a marrón superior maculada, con pruina fina sobre los claro, escuámulas de 1-3 mm de ancho, levemente lóbulos marginales. Soralios ausentes. Médula convexas y a veces superpuestas. Superficie superior blanca. Superficie inferior negra a grisácea en los lisa, algo brillante. Soralios ausentes. Médula márgenes, con ricines simples, cortos, concoloros. blanca, capa algal gruesa. Superficie inferior Apotecios de tipo physciaeformis, hasta 1,5 mm de marrón claro, con rizohifas hialinas. Peritecios con diám., sésiles, con disco negro y margen crenado 406 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (3) 2016 J. M. Rodriguez et al. - Nuevas citas de macrolíquenes para Argentina Fig. 1. Especies citadas por primera vez en Argentina. A:Endocarpon pallidulum. B:Placidium arboreum. C: Pyxine astridiana. D:Usnea michauxii. Escalas: A= 0,37 mm; B= 1 mm; C= 1,2 mm; D= 2 mm. en apotecios maduros. Ascósporas 1-septadas, de Usnea michauxii I. Tavares, Mycotaxon 30: 54. 17-18 µm x 6-7 µm. Picnidios no vistos. 1987. Figura 1D Química: corteza superior K-, UV+ amarillo; médula K+ amarillo suave, C-, CCD: sustancia Talo fruticuloso erecto, hasta 4 cm de largo, desconocida, amarillo claro, Rf: 3 color verde grisáceo con puntos rojos a lo largo Observaciones: Jungbluth (2010) describe a del todo el talo. Ramas fusiformes a irregulares Pyxine astridiana con médula K- sin embargo marcadamente segmentadas; segmentos inflados y las muestras observadas en este trabajo coinciden en sección transversal circulares; ramas secundarias morfológica y anatómicamente con esta especie constrictas en el punto de ramificación; fibrilas con excepción de la reacción de K en la médula que numerosas, espinulosas, cortas, hasta 2 mm de es amarillo pálido. longitud, irregularmente distribuidas. Soralios e isidiomorfos ausentes. Corteza con puntos rojos en Material estudiado: ARGENTINA. Prov. todo el talo, brillante y quebradiza, muy delgada. Catamarca:Dpto. Andalgalá, S 27º 29´ 4,13´´; O Médula muy laxa, aracnoidea y gruesa, eje recto 66º 31´ 28,60´´, 1489 m, sobre Prosopis sp., VII- y delgado. Apotecios terminales, subterminales o 2014, Filippini 3100 (CORD). laterales, con fibrilas marginales, disco pruinoso. 407 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51 (3) 2016 Ascósporas simples y hialinas, 8,7 µm x 5,7 µm en Gr. Sonoran Desert Region 1: 164. 2002. promedio. Picnidios presentes en ramas terminales Bibliografía: Obermayer et al. (2009). y fibrilas, conidios sublageniformes 6,75 µm de Amplía su distribución a la provincia de longitud promedio. Química: K-, C-, CCD: ácido Catamarca. úsnico y ácidos grasos no identificados. Esta especie Material estudiado: ARGENTINA. Prov. ha sido descripta para Estados Unidos (Tavares, Catamarca: Dpto.
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