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Citizens' Perception of Values Associated with Dykes and Dykelands

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Citizens' Perception of Values Associated with Dykes and Dykelands Citizens’ Perception of Values Associated with Dykes and Dykelands: The Case of Nova Scotia By Grace Asiedu Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia April 2013 © Copyright by Grace Asiedu, 2013 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL FOR RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES The Undersigned hereby certify that they have read and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance a thesis entitled “CITIZENS’ PERCEPTION OF VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH DYKES AND DYKELANDS: THE CASE OF NOVA SCOTIA” by Grace Asiedu in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies. Dated: December 11, 2012 Supervisors: _________________________________ _________________________________ Readers: _________________________________ _________________________________ ii DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DATE: December 11, 2012 AUTHOR: Grace Asiedu TITLE: Citizens’ Perception of Values Associated with Dykes and Dykelands: The Case of Nova Scotia DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: School for Resource and Environmental Studies DEGREE: MES CONVOCATION: MAY YEAR: 2013 Permission is herewith granted to Dalhousie University to circulate and to have copied for non-commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title upon the request of individuals or institutions. I understand that my thesis will be electronically available to the public. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission. The author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material appearing in the thesis (other than the brief excerpts requiring only proper acknowledgement in scholarly writing), and that all such use is clearly acknowledged. _____________________ Signature of Author iii Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my dad (Dr. S. K. Asiedu) for all his immeasurable support in my life, my mom (Edith Fumey) and grandmother (Grace Brempomaa) for their encouragement and continuous prayers, and all my loved ones who have made this dream a success. iv Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED .............................................................................. xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Overview ....................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Statement of Research Questions and Objectives ..................................................... 8 1.4 Rationale for the Research ........................................................................................ 9 1.5 Thesis Style ............................................................................................................. 10 1.6 Thesis Organization ................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Geography of Bay of Fundy .................................................................................... 12 2.3 The Origin of the Acadians ..................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Settlement .................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 The Acadian Activities and Way of Life ..................................................... 15 2.3.3 Deportation of the Acadians, Post-Deportation and Resettlement .............. 16 v 2.4 Dykes and Dykelands .............................................................................................. 18 2.4.1 Construction and Maintenance of Dykes and Dykelands ............................ 20 2.4.2 Location and Activities ................................................................................ 25 2.5 Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise ....................................................................... 27 2.6 Values ...................................................................................................................... 28 2.7 Values and Services for Dykes and Dykelands ....................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3 METHODS ................................................................................................. 38 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 38 3.2 Study Design ........................................................................................................... 38 3.2.1 Study Area ................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Interview Design ..................................................................................................... 45 3.3.1 Participant Selection .................................................................................... 46 3.3.2 Data Recording ............................................................................................ 47 3.3.3 Data Collection Observations ...................................................................... 47 3.4 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 49 3.4.1 Open-ended Content Analysis ..................................................................... 49 3.4.2 Closed-Ended Analysis ................................................................................ 50 3.4.3 Correlations .................................................................................................. 50 3.5 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................. 50 3.6 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 51 vi CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................. 53 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 53 4.2 Demographics .......................................................................................................... 54 4.3 History and Relation to Dykes and Dykelands ...................................................... 56 4.3.1 Respondent’s Interest in Dykes and Dykelands........................................... 58 4.3.2 Dykes and Dykeland Areas of Importance to Respondents......................... 62 4.3.3 What Respondents See as Most Special about Dykes and Dykelands ........ 62 4.4 A Typology of Values Associated with Dykes and Dykelands in Nova Scotia...... 64 4.4.1 People’s Perceptions of Dyke and Dykeland Values and Services (Open-ended) ........................................................................................................ 65 4.4.2 Rating of List of Values and Services that Can be Considered for Dykes and Dykeland in the Province (closed-ended) .......................................... 77 4.4.3 Occupational Groups and their Rating of Dykes and Dykeland Values ...... 84 4.4.4 Similarities and Differences in Before and After List of Values Responses .............................................................................................................. 87 4.5 Perceptions of Dykes and Dykelands Maintenance ................................................ 95 4.6 Threats to the Future of Dykes and Dykelands Values ........................................... 99 4.7 Possibility of Future Change in How Respondents Value or Consider Dykes and Dykelands ............................................................................................................. 105 4.8 Final Observations ................................................................................................. 105 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 108 vii 5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................... 108 5.2 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 110 5.2.1 Education ................................................................................................... 110 5.2.2 Policy ......................................................................................................... 111 5.2.3 Publicity of Information ............................................................................. 113 5.3 Summary ..............................................................................................................
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