610 Office” That I Witnessed by Hao Fengjun
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China's Domestic Politicsand
China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies and Major Countries’ Strategies toward China edited by Jung-Ho Bae and Jae H. Ku China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies and Major Countries’ Strategies toward China 1SJOUFE %FDFNCFS 1VCMJTIFE %FDFNCFS 1VCMJTIFECZ ,PSFB*OTUJUVUFGPS/BUJPOBM6OJGJDBUJPO ,*/6 1VCMJTIFS 1SFTJEFOUPG,*/6 &EJUFECZ $FOUFSGPS6OJGJDBUJPO1PMJDZ4UVEJFT ,*/6 3FHJTUSBUJPO/VNCFS /P "EESFTT SP 4VZVEPOH (BOHCVLHV 4FPVM 5FMFQIPOF 'BY )PNFQBHF IUUQXXXLJOVPSLS %FTJHOBOE1SJOU )ZVOEBJ"SUDPN$P -UE $PQZSJHIU ,*/6 *4#/ 1SJDF G "MM,*/6QVCMJDBUJPOTBSFBWBJMBCMFGPSQVSDIBTFBUBMMNBKPS CPPLTUPSFTJO,PSFB "MTPBWBJMBCMFBU(PWFSONFOU1SJOUJOH0GGJDF4BMFT$FOUFS4UPSF 0GGJDF China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies and Major Countries’ Strategies toward China �G 1SFGBDF Jung-Ho Bae (Director of the Center for Unification Policy Studies at Korea Institute for National Unification) �G *OUSPEVDUJPO 1 Turning Points for China and the Korean Peninsula Jung-Ho Bae and Dongsoo Kim (Korea Institute for National Unification) �G 1BSUEvaluation of China’s Domestic Politics and Leadership $IBQUFS 19 A Chinese Model for National Development Yong Shik Choo (Chung-Ang University) $IBQUFS 55 Leadership Transition in China - from Strongman Politics to Incremental Institutionalization Yi Edward Yang (James Madison University) $IBQUFS 81 Actors and Factors - China’s Challenges in the Crucial Next Five Years Christopher M. Clarke (U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research-INR) China’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies -
Operational Guidance Note
OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE NOTE CHINA OGN v.12 Issued October 2013 – updated 6 December 2014 OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE NOTE CHINA CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1 – 1.4 2. Country assessment 2.1 Actors of protection 2.2 Internal relocation 2.3 Country guidance caselaw 2.4 3. Main categories of claims 3.1 – 3.8 Falun Gong/Falun Dafa 3.9 Involvement with pro-Tibetan/pro/independence political organisations 3.10 Involvement with illegal religious organisations 3.11 Involvement with illegal political organisations or perceived political 3.12 opposition Forced abortion/sterilisation under ‘one child policy’ 3.13 Double Jeopardy 3.14 Civil protests and petitioners 3.15 Prison Conditions 3.16 4. Minors claiming in their own right 4.1 – 4.3 5. Medical Treatment 5.1 – 5.5 6. Returns 6.1 – 6.5 Decision makers assessing claims based on Christianity should refer to the Country Information and Guidance on: ► China: Christians, 13 June 2014 1. Introduction 1.1 This document provides Home Office caseworkers with guidance on the nature and handling of the most common types of claims received from nationals/residents of China, including whether claims are or are not likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or Discretionary Leave. Caseworkers must refer to the relevant Asylum Instructions for further details of the policy on these areas. 1.2 Caseworkers must not base decisions on the country of origin information in this guidance; it is included to provide context only and does not purport to be comprehensive. The conclusions in this guidance are based on the totality of the available evidence, not just the brief extracts contained herein, and caseworkers must likewise take into account all available evidence. -
Falun Gong in China
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 12 Issue 1 Article 6 6-2018 Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China Maria Cheung University of Manitoba Torsten Trey Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting David Matas University of Manitoba Richard An EME Professional Corp Legal Services Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Cheung, Maria; Trey, Torsten; Matas, David; and An, Richard (2018) "Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 12: Iss. 1: 38-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.12.1.1513 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China Acknowledgements This article is dedicated to the Chinese citizens who were innocently killed for their spiritual beliefs. This article is available in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss1/6 Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China Maria Cheung University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Torsten Trey Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting Washington, D.C., USA David Matas University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Richard An York University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Introduction The classical school of genocide studies which traces back to Raphael Lemkin focuses on eradication of a group through the mass murder of its members in a short period. -
Cleaning the Security Apparatus Before the Two Meetings
ASIA PROGRAMME CLEANING THE SECURITY APPARATUS BEFORE THE TWO MEETINGS BY ALEX PAYETTE PH.D, CEO CERCIUS GROUP ADJUNCT PROFESSOR, GLENDON COLLEGE MAY 2020 ASIA FOCUS #139 l’IRIS ASIA FOCUS #139 – ASIA PROGRAMME / May 2020 n April 19 2020, Sun Lijun 孙力军 was put under investigation. Sun is the mishu of Meng Jianzhu 孟建柱, Party secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs o Commission [zhengfa] from 2012 to 2017, and a close ally of Politburo member Han Zheng 韩正, who is also a full member of Jiang Zemin’s 江泽民 Shanghai Gang 上海帮 . His arrest, which happened only one day after 15 pro-democracy activists were arrested in Hong Kong1, almost coincided with his return from Wuhan – as part of the Covid-19 containment steering group 中央赴湖北指导组. To this effect, it is evident that Sun’s investigation and arrest have been in motion for quite a while now. With Sun out of play, the former public security “tsar” Zhou Yongkang 周永康 has effectively lost most of his tentacles on the public security system. That said, Sun’s arrest might not even be the most important news shaking up the public security apparatus ahead of the upcoming “Two Meetings” 两会. CUTTING THE ROOTS As it is customary with Cadres working for public security, State security and national Defence, Sun Lijun’s public profile is quite limited. Sun, who studied in Australia, majored in public health and urban management, a very interesting choice especially considering the current pandemic. Sun was primarily active in Shanghai, and held a number of notable posts in his career including: • Director of the Hong Kong affairs office of the Ministry of Public Security from 2016 until his arrest; • Deputy director of the infamous “610” unit 中央610办公室– also known as the Central Leading Group on Preventing and Dealing with Heretical Religions 中央防范 和处理邪教问题领导小组2; • Director of the No. -
The Illegality of China's Falun Gong Crackdown and Its Relevance to the Recent Political Turmoil
The illegality of China's Falun Gong crackdown and its relevance to the recent political turmoil Hearing of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, December 18, 2012 Written Statement by Yiyang Xia, Senior Director of Policy and Research at the Human Rights Law Foundation and Director of the Investigation Division for the World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong I would like to express my appreciation to the members of CECC, particularly Chairman Smith and Co-Chairman Brown, for holding this hearing for FLG In recent years, the world has witnessed deteriorating human rights conditions and growing disregard for the rule of law in China, whether it is in cases involving activists, democracy advocates, or even high-ranking officials. But what are the underlying causes of the current situation? In essence, it began 13 years ago when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) launched its campaign to eliminate Falun Gong, a spiritual practice with followers numbering in the tens of millions. In my remarks, I will explore three dimensions of the persecution: 1. How the party has systematically violated Chinese laws for the purposes of implementing the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners. 2. How Wang Lijun, a centerpiece of recent political turmoil in China, was involved in the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners and organ transplant abuses. 3. The challenge facing the new leadership when it comes to the ongoing campaign against Falun Gong. How the persecution operates without a legal basis The Chinese government never legally banned Falun Gong and there is, in fact, no law on the books prohibiting this religious practice. -
10Th European Country of Origin Information Seminar 1-2 December 2005, Budapest
10th European Country of Origin Information Seminar 1-2 December 2005, Budapest China The views and opinions stated in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the organisers of the workshop. This paper is not, and does not purport to be, fully exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The statements in the report do not represent an opinion of the Austrian Red Cross on the political situation in the country. page I. China Country Profile 2 II. Important Aspects on Human Rights in the People’s Republic of China 5 III. Selected documents 27 IV. Maps 29 Report published: 17 March 2006 organised by ACCORD, HHC & UNHCR co-financed by the ERF 2004 1 10th COI Seminar 2005 1-2 Dec Budapest I. China Country Profile Country name: conventional long form: People’s Republic of China conventional short form: China local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo local short form: Zhong Guo abbreviation: PRC Capital: Beijing Area: 9’596’960 sq km Population: 1’306’313’812 (July 2005 est.) Ethnic Groups: The largest ethnic group is the Han Chinese, who constitute about 91.9% of the total population. The remaining 8.1% are Zhuang (16 million), Manchu (10 million), Hui (9 million), Miao (8 million), Uygur (7 million), Yi (7 million), Mongolian (5 million), Tibetan (5 million), Buyi (3 million), Korean (2 million), and other ethnic minorities. Religions: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4% note: officially atheist (2002 est.) -
1 CRIMINAL COMPLAINT PEOPLE's PROCURATORATE Vs. JIANG
CRIMINAL COMPLAINT PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE Vs. JIANG ZEMIN for TORTURE, MURDER, EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLING, ORGAN HARVESTING, RAPE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE, ENSLAVEMENT, WRONGFUL ARREST AND IMPRISONMENT, CORRUPTION, PERSECUTION, and THEFT AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY as set forth below: THE ACCUSED: 1. JIANG ZEMIN was born on August 17, 1926, in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. In 1947, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University with a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Jiang received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Russia and worked at Changchun’s First Automobile Works. He then worked in government services and, in 1983, he became a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party as the Minister of Electronic Industries. 2. JIANG ZEMIN became Mayor of Shanghai in 1985. He became the Party Secretary of Shanghai and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in 1987. He became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, and the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Central Military Commission in 1989, and President of the People’s Republic of China in 1993. 3. JIANG ZEMIN served as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and member of the Politburo Standing Committee from 1989 to 2002. He served as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004. He served as President of the People’s Republic of China from 1993 to 2003. JURISDICTION 4. Jurisdiction is appropriate for Counts 1-14 under Article 5 of the Criminal Procedure Law that vests judicial powers in the People’s courts to hear criminal cases brought under Chinese Criminal Law. -
Timing, Enforcement Institutions, and Target Selection in Banning the Falungong, July 1999
ANATOMY OF REGIME REPRESSION IN CHINA Timing, Enforcement Institutions, and Target Selection in Banning the Falungong, July 1999 James Tong On July 29, 1999, a week after the Falungong was out- lawed, and the day when the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Public Security issued the warrant for the arrest of its leader Li Hongzhi, the regime had scored a crushing victory against the congregation. At least within China, people at the 28,000 Falungong practice sites in the nation’s parks no longer assembled for morning breathing exercises. The group’s top leadership was decimated, its publication program terminated and inventory confiscated, its 80 websites went blank. To be sure, occasional demonstra- tions by practitioners have persisted until the present, but they cannot be compared to the over 300 rallies, including 18 large- and medium-sized pro- test assemblies, that the movement successfully mounted from 1997 to July 22, 1999.1 At best, Falungong protests in China after the ban were smolder- ings, not conflagrations, which were easily contained by the regime within minutes and extinguished within hours. The prairie fire that had spread to China’s 29 provinces since 1992 was spent. This is all the more amazing considering that on April 25, 1999, when over 18,000 Falungong practitioners besieged Zhongnanhai, the Beijing Party and state headquarters for over six hours, President Jiang Zemin had hardly heard James Tong is Associate Professor of Political Science at UCLA. He wishes to thank Richard Siao and Bangyi Zhou for invaluable research assistance in data collec- tion and a Falungong practitioner for information on Falungong institutional history. -
The Chinese Communist Party and Its Emerging Next-Generation Leaders
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Report March 23, 2012 The China Rising Leaders Project, Part 1: The Chinese Communist Party and Its Emerging Next-Generation Leaders by John Dotson USCC Research Coordinator With Supporting Research and Contributions By: Shelly Zhao, USCC Research Fellow Andrew Taffer, USCC Research Fellow 1 The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission China Rising Leaders Project Research Report Series: Part 1: The Chinese Communist Party and Its Emerging Next-Generation Leaders (March 2012) Part 2: China’s Emerging Leaders in the People’s Liberation Army (forthcoming June 2012) Part 3: China’s Emerging Leaders in State-Controlled Industry (forthcoming August 2012) Disclaimer: This report is the product of professional research performed by staff of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, and was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, the public release of this document does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission, any individual Commissioner, or the Commission’s other professional staff, of the views or conclusions expressed in this staff research report. Cover Photo: CCP Politburo Standing Committee Member Xi Jinping acknowledges applause in Beijing’s Great Hall of the People following his election as Vice-President of the People’s Republic of China during the 5th plenary session of the National People's Congress (March 15, 2008). -
China COI Compilation-March 2014
China COI Compilation March 2014 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation China COI Compilation March 2014 This COI compilation does not cover the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, nor does it cover Taiwan. The decision to exclude Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan was made on the basis of practical considerations; no inferences should be drawn from this decision regarding the status of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. -
Testimony of Nina Shea, Director Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House
TESTIMONY OF NINA SHEA, DIRECTOR CENTER FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, FREEDOM HOUSE BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA, GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS “Monitoring Respect for Human Rights Around the World: A Review of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2005” March 16, 2006 INTRODUCTION Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am grateful for this opportunity to testify at today's hearings on the State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2005. I will be speaking on behalf of Freedom House’s Center for Religious Freedom, and have been asked by this Committee to specifically address the situation concerning religious freedom. My testimony will comment upon the reports on China, Cuba, Egypt, India, Iraq, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, and Vietnam. First of all, I wish to express our deep appreciation for these important hearings, and for your dedication to providing the oversight to help ensure that human rights concerns remain a force in U.S. foreign policy. These hearings also powerfully communicate to governments throughout the world that the American people are not indifferent to acts of genocide, torture, unjust imprisonment and other human rights violations, wherever they may occur. Religious freedom is pivotal to a free society. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion is the prerequisite for the exercise of all other basic human rights. In theory and practice, free expression, freedom of press and freedom of association depend on the prior guarantee of a free conscience. As this year’s Country Reports amply demonstrates, where religious freedom is denied, so too are other basic human rights. -
Falun Dafa Association of Australia Inc
FALUN DAFA ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA INC Falun Dafa Association of Australia Submission to the inquiry into human organ trafficking and organ transplant tourism By the Human Rights Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade 7 August 2017 Falun Dafa Association of Australia Submission to the inquiry into human organ trafficking and organ transplant tourism Preface The Falun Dafa Association of Australia Inc. appreciates the opportunity to make this submission to the Human Rights Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade (the Committee). This submission includes input from the Falun Dafa Association of Australia, Victoria Branch Inc., and the Falun Dafa Association of Australia, Queensland Branch Inc. Organ harvesting from anyone, anywhere, is abhorrent. We are encouraged to see that the Committee is conducting this inquiry, and hope that it results in some tangible and meaningful outcomes for Australia to play a role in curtailing the practice of organ harvesting – particularly in China (which is our area of greatest knowledge and concern), as well as other areas of the world where organ harvesting occurs. Our focus in this submission is to offer information that can support Australia’s further inquiry into this grave matter. So far, the standard response from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade has been that there is not enough evidence (or independent verification) to support the allegations of forced organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. However, quite the opposite conclusion is drawn when the existing investigations are reviewed by concerned doctors, bio-ethicists, Freedom House and the US Congress.