Prof. Dr. Karim Suryadi, M.Si. Profesor Komunikasi Politik, Dosen Tetap Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung

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Prof. Dr. Karim Suryadi, M.Si. Profesor Komunikasi Politik, Dosen Tetap Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung Buku ini merupakan salah satu referensi terkait dengan perkembangan politik di Aceh, khususnya ulama dan partai politik pasca-Orde Baru. Sebuah realitas peta politik yang perlu dicermati, khususnya oleh akademisi, politisi, dan praktisi. Bagaimana masa lalu dan masa depan iklim politik di tanah air telah disenaraikan dengan baik oleh penulis dalam buku ini. Buku yang ditulis oleh seorang dosen Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Saiful, S.Pd., M.Si., dan diedit oleh Dr. Rusli Yusuf, M.Pd, yang mempunyai kapasitas keilmuan dibidang ini yang sangat memadai dan kedua beliau ini hidup dalam hiruk pikuk masyarakat ini. Buku ini baik untuk dijadikan salah satu referensi alternatif terkait dengan perpolitikan di Aceh, apalagi karya akademik ini terorbit dari suatu proses penelitian yang intens yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis buku ini. Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh boleh dikatakan cermin atau penguak tabir kekinian politik di Aceh yang komprehensif, baik pada peran idealis tokoh agama maupun track record politisi partai politik. Dengan sistematika penyajian dan teknik penyampaian gagasan yang sistematis serta bahasa yang mudah dipahami, buku ini layak menjadi salah satu referensi akademik dan politik. Prof. Dr. Karim Suryadi, M.Si. Profesor Komunikasi Politik, dosen tetap Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung Penerbit BKA: Jalan Kuta Inöng Balèe 69 Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 IG: @penerbitbka Fb: Bina Karya Akademika Aceh Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh Penulis Dr. Saiful, S.Pd., M.Si. ISBN: 978-602-5919-56-5 Editor Dr. Rusli Yusuf, M.Pd. Pendesain Kover Tauris Mustafa Layouter Ichsan Mantovani, S.Pd. Penyunting Bahasa Azwardi, S.Pd., M.Hum. Muhammad Iqbal, S.Pd., S.H., M.Hum. Penerbit Bina Karya Akademika (Anggota IKAPI) Alamat Kantor Jalan Inöng Balèe 69 Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Nomor Kontak 085260410772 E-Mail [email protected] Perpustakaan Nasional: Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Saiful, Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh Banda Aceh, 2020 xii+216 hlm.; 15,5 cmx23 cm ©2020, Saiful Hak cipta yang dilindungi undang-undang ada pada penulis. Dilarang memperbanyak, baik sebagian maupun seluruh isi buku ini, tanpa izin dari penulis atau penerbit. ii Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh PENGANTAR PENULIS Alhamdulillah, segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah Swt. karena dengan rahmat, karunia, serta taufik dan hidayah-nya penulisan buku Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh ini dapat penulis selesaikan dengan baik. Selawat dan salam juga penulis sampaikan kepada Baginda Rasulullah Muhammad saw. karena dengan lahirnya beliaulah manusia menjadi makhluk yang beradab dan berakhlak mulia. Buku ditulis berdasarkan hasil penelitian saya pada saat menyelesaikan Program Magister (S-2) dalam kajian Ilmu Politik pada Program Studi Ilmu Politik Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Karena banyak dorongan dari berbagai pihak, terutama Prof. Dr. I Ketut Putra Erawan, M.A. dan Alm. Drs. Samsurizal Panggabean, M.Sc. (pembimbing), dan pihak- pihak lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebukan satu per satu. Buku ini juga mengetengahkan berbagai data, baik dari berbagai iii Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh lembaga pemerintah, seperti Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) (KPU Daerah atau KPU Pusat), maupun dari informan, seperti ulama kharismatik dan ulama muda Aceh, tokoh partai politik, imeum mukim, dan tokoh masyarakat. Terkait degan hal itu, buku ini ditulis dalam konteks upaya memfasilitasi stakeholder, dan menjadi referensi bagi peminat kajian sejarah dan politik, terutama kajian politik kontemporer, khususnya bagi akademisi, praktisi, dan politisi dalam penyediaan referensi akademik, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan sepak ulama dan partai politik pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh. Buku ini berisi pokok-pokok materi di seputar peran ulama dan sepak terjang partai politik pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh, yaitu masa awal transisi dari Orde Baru ke Orde Reformasi. Fokus substansi materi difokuskan pada dua pemilihan umum, yakni Pemilihan Umum 1999 dan 2004 karena momentum tersebut merupakan tonggak baru demokrasi di Indonesia. Selain itu, dinamika kehidupan politik terus berkembang, bahkan begitu cepat seuai dengan dinamika perkembangan zaman sehingga pada satu sisi diperlukan perubahan-perubahan terhadap materi politik, dan pada sisi lainnya berakibat pada keterbatasan masyarakat dan mahasiswa dalam memperoleh referensi, terutama tentang dinamika politik lokal. Oleh karena itu, buku ini dimaksudkan sebagai rujukan alternatif bagi stakeholder di atas dalam memperkaya referensi akademiknya. Penulisan buku ini dapat berjalan dengan lancar berkat motivasi dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena iv Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh itu, melalui pengantar ini, saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada mereka, terutama Prof. Dr. Ir. Samsul Rizal, M.Eng., IPU (Rektor Universitas Syiah Kuala), Prof. Dr. Ir. Marwan (Wakil Rektor I Bidang Akademik), Prof. Dr. Djufri, M.Si. (Dekan FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala), Dr. M. Hasan, M.Si. (Wakil Dekan I Bidang Akademik FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala), dan Dr. Sanusi, S.Pd., M.Si. (Ketua Jurusan PPKn FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala) yang telah memberikan banyak masukan kepada penulis. Selanjutnya, ucapan terima kasih saya sampaikan kepada guru saya, Dr. Rusli Yusuf, M.Pd. (editor) yang telah mengedit substansi draf buku ini. Kemudian, ucapan terima kasih juga tidak lupa saya sampaikan kepada Penerbit Bina Karya Akademika (BKA) Banda Aceh yang telah memfasilitasi penerbitan buku ini. Kecuali itu, ungkapan rasa terima kasih juga patut saya sampaikan kepada guru saya, Prof. Dr. Karim Suryadi, M.Si. yang telah membaca draf final buku ini dan menukilkan komentarnya terhadap buku ini, dan sahabat saya, Azwardi, S.Pd., M.Hum. Muhammad Iqbal, S.Pd., S.H., M.Hum. yang telah menyunting bahasa draf buku ini dengan begitu baik. Semoga Allah Swt. membalas segala kontribusi yang telah mereka berikan dalam proses penulisan buku ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa buku ini belumlah cukup sempurna, baik secara substansi maupun tampilannya, masih terdapat kesalahan dan kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, buku ini pada suatu saat masih perlu direvisi sehingga substansi dan tampilannya menjadi lebih sempurna. Berkaitan dengan hal v Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh tersebut, saya mohon maaf, sangat mengharapkan saran-saran dari berbagai pihak, khususnya dari para pengguna dan atau pembaca buku ini. Banda Aceh, April 2020 Penulis, Dr. Saiful, S.Pd., M.Si. vi Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh DAFTAR ISI PENGANTAR PENERBIT ........................................................................iii PENGANTAR PENULIS ............................................................................v KOMENTAR PAKAR ...............................................................................ix DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1 1.1 Pengantar ................................................................................................. 1 BAB II ULAMA SEBAGAI ELITE MASYARAKAT ACEH ............. 16 2.1 Elite ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Ulama ..................................................................................................... 27 2.3 Ulama dan Partai Politik ..................................................................... 37 2.4 Ulama dan Negara ............................................................................... 43 BAB III ULAMA DAN PEMILU SEBELUM REFORMASI ............. 49 3.1 Ulama dan Pemilu pada Masa Orde Lama ...................................... 49 vii Ulama dan Partai Politik Pasca-Orde Baru di Aceh 3.2 Ulama dan Pemilu pada Masa Orde Baru ........................................ 56 BAB IV PEMILU PASCA-ORDE BARU (REFORMASI) DI INDONESIA ............................................................................................... 83 4.1 Pemilu Legislatif Tahun 1999 di Indonesia ....................................... 83 4.2 Pemilu Legislatif pada Tahun 2004 di Indonesia ............................ 93 4.3 Pemilu Presiden/Wakil Presiden Tahun 2004 Putaran Pertama di Indonesia ........................................................ 110 4.4 Pemilu Presiden/Wakil Presiden Tahun 2004 Putaran Kedua di Indonesia ............................................................. 125 BAB V ULAMA DAN PEMILU PASCA-ORDE BARU (REFORMASI) DI PROVINSI ACEH ................................................. 130 5.1 Ulama dan Pemilu ............................................................................. 130 5.2 Ulama dan Pemilu Legislatif Tahun 1999 di Provinsi Aceh ....... 145 5.3 Ulama dan Pemilu Legislatif Tahun 2004 di Provinsi Aceh ....... 161 5.4 Ulama dan Pemilu Presiden/Wakil Presiden Tahun 2004 Putaran Pertama di Provinsi Aceh .................................................. 178 5.5 Pemilu Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Tahun 2004 Putaran Kedua di Provinsi Aceh ..................................................... 191 BAB VI PENUTUP .................................................................................. 199 6.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................. 199 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................
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