Document of The World Bank

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 5107-IN

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized

NARMADARIVER DEVELOPMENT- SARDAR SAROVARDAM AND POWERPROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized

February 12, 1985 Public Disclosure Authorized

South Asia Projects Department Irrigation II Division

This document has a restricteddistribution and cmaybe used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. its contents mnavnot otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS

US%1.00 = Rupees (Rs) 12.00 jj

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES (METRIC SYSTEM) VJ

1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer (ka) = 0.62 miles (mi) 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres (ac) 1 million cubic meters (Mm3) = 810 acre-feet (ac-ft) 1 cubic foot per second (cusec or cfs) = 0.028 cubic meters per second (mL3/Ls) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 metric ton (mt) = 2,205 pounds (lb) 1 million acre-feet (OAF) 1233.5 h cubic m (Mm3) 1 cubic meter per second (cumec) 35.3 cusec

1 ton - 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 gigawatt hours (GWh) 1 million kilowvtt hours (kWh)

1 kilo volt (kv) - 1,000 volts (10 V) 1 megawatt (MW) = 1,000 kilowatts 1 kilocalorie per kilogram (Kcal/kg) = 1,8UO British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb)

FISCAL YEAR

GOI; GOG; GOM; GOMP; GOR April 1 - March 31

1/ The US Dollar/Rupee exchange rate is subject to change. Conversions in this report have been made at USAl.00 to Rs 12.00 except for the economic analysis which was made at a rate of US$1.00 to Rs 11.00.

2/ The metric system has been used in most cases. However, India is still in the process of transition to the metric system; non-metric units are still widely used and have been used in this report where a conversion to the metric system may confuse the reader. FOR OMCIAL USE ONLY AIBBEVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AD - Agricultural Department CAC - Sardar Sarovar Construction and Advisory Comnittee CAD - Comand Area Development C8A - Central Electricity Authority - CA - Cultivable Coumand Area CURH - Canalbead Powerhouse CPU - Centralized Procurement Unit CVPC - Central Water and Power Commission CWPRS Central Water and Power Research Station CwC - Central Water Commission DRP - Dan Review Panel DSP - Dm Safety Panel ERR - Economic Rate of Return EL - Elevation FRL - Full Reservoir Level FSL - Full Supply Level GAU - Gujarat Agricultural University GEB - Gujarat Electricity Board GOG - GOI - Govermnent of India GOMP - Government of GOB Government of GOR _ Government of GSCPF - Gujarat State Cooperative Marketing Federation DYV - High Yielding Varieties ICB - International Competitive Bidding ID _ Irrigation Department of the GOG IND - Indien Meteorological Department IVEB - Inter-Departmental Water Rates Review Board LCB - Local Competitive Bidding NPEB - Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board MDDL - MinimumDrawdown Level MEB - MahArashtra Electricity Board RISC - ManagementInformation Systems Cell R&I - Municipal and Industrial NP - Madhya Pradesh MUL - MaximumWater Level ECA _ Narmada Control Authority NDD - Narmada Development Department of the GOG NKPC - Narmada High Power Conmittee NEEPC - National Rydro-Electric Power Corporation NPDDC - armada Project and Design Circle MPG - Narmada Planning Group NBC - Narmada Review Comittee NRD - Development NTPC - National Thermal Power Corporation NIDT - Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal O&M - Operation and Maintenance PDD - Power and Division PMF - Probable MaxinumFlood BBPH - Riverbed Poverhouse BIB - Regional Electricity Board REC - Rural Electrification Corporation S. - Service Area SEB - State Electricity Board SLDB - State Land Development Bank SMEC - Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation SWS - Subject Matter Specialist SSP - Sardar Sarovar Project T&V - Training and Visit System of Extension YEW - Village Extension Worker

I ish doument has a resticed ditribution and may be used by mcipients ondyin the peformance of| tbekofTicia1 duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disdiosed without Wodd Bank authorinztoin GLOSSARY kharif - Wet season; June - October rabi - Dry season; November- March chak - Irrigationdelivery unit of about 40 ha in size taluka - Subdivisionof a district paise - There are 1UOpaise per rupee INDIA

NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT - GUJARAT

SARDAR SAROVAR DAR AND POWERPROJECT

Table of Contents Page No.

I. BACKGROUND ...... 1 Introduction ...... ******** 1 The Socioeconomic Setting...... 2 The NarmadaBasin Development ...... 3 Past Bank Group Support for Irrigation and Power Development in Gujarat 4

II. THE SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT....o. .e*a..e*6.*e*.e****** ...... s 5 General o...... o...... o 5 Project Formulation, Preparation and Objectives ...... 6 Salient Features of SSP E ...... 7 SSP ImplementationPeriod ...... o.* 8 Rationale for Bank Involvement in Sardar Sarovar Project ...... 9

IIIo THE SARDAR SAROVAR DAN AND RESERVOIR ...... o...... 10 Location and Site Characteristics.. 10 Climateand Hydrology ...... 11

IV. THE PROJECT...... o .. . 14 ProjectDescription 14 Detailed Physical Features...... 15 Dams and Spillways ...... 15 Riverbed Powerhouse...... 16 Garudeshwar Weir ...... 16 CanalheadPowerhouse *...... 16 Vadgam Saddle Dam ...... 17 The Irrigation By-pass Tunnel ...... 17 The Canalhead Regulation Reservoirs...... 17 Transmission Lines ...... 17

This report is based on the findings of appraisal missions that visited India in March, June, September 1983, and a post-appraisal of the resettlement component in August 1984, and comprised Messrs: P. Ljung, G. Fauss, C. Diewald, R. Vick, A. Sanchez, M. El-Menshavy, R. Goodland, K. Jechoutek, D. Fitchett (IBRD/IDA) and, L.D. James, D. Dawdy, T. Scudder, M. Barber, and H. Frederiksen (Consultants). The Snowy Mountain Engineering Corporation of Australia, including the team of J. Hunter, B. Jagger, and W. Gardner, come- pleted the technical appraisal of the main dam. The essential contributions of P. Ljung during project planning, formulation, pre-appraisal and appraisal stages are hereby gratefully acknowledged. Editing done by Ms. S. Fellows and word processing by Mr. J. Maddix, Ms. C. Batara, Mrs. S. Douglas, and Mrs. S. Vanjani. J - ii-

Design and Implementation Aspects ...... s...... 18 Dam and Spillways ...... 18 The Damn Review Panel ...... 18 TheHydropower Components .se ...... -. 0...... 19 HydrometeorologicalNetwork ...... 20 Training and Technical Assistance ...... 21 Implementation Schedule and Status of Preparation ...... 22 Land Acquisition and Resettlement ...... 24 GenLeral ...... 24 The Tribunal Order .... *...... *...... **...... 24 Additional Requirements ...... 6.. * * ...... 26 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Agreements ...... 27 Environmental Effects ...... 28 land and Rights *...... 9- ..... *..* ...... 29

V. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING ...... 30

Project Cost Estimates ...... 30 Operation and Maintenance (OEM) Costs ...... 31 Cost Sharing ...... a. ... se.31 Financing ...... 31 Procurement...... 9* * 9C * * * * 9**** 99*999999 33 Disbursements...... 35 ProjectAccounts and Audits ...... 36

VI. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ...... 37 Ieneral Agencies...... 37 Interstate Agencies 37 GujaratState Agencies 38...... 38 Training...... *.. ... 40 TechnicalAssistance ...... 42 CentralizedProcurement Unit ...... 43 Evaluation and Monitoring ...... 44 Reporting ...... a...... 44 Project Operation and Maintenance ...... 44 Ownershipand FinancialArrangements Relatingto Power Facilities ...... 47

VII. BENEFITS. RISK. AND JUSTIFICATION ...... -...... 48 General ...... 48 Agricultural Benefits ...... 48 Benefits from M&I Water Supply ...... 50 Benefits from Power Generation...... 51 Other ProjectBenefits ...... 51 Assumptions for EconomicAnalysis ...... 52 Buildup of Benefits Over Time ...... 54 Economic Rate of Return for SSP: The Base Case ...... 56 Project Risk ...... 58

VIII. AGREEMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 63 Agreements ...... 63 Government of India .*...... 63 Government of Gujarat ...... 64 Government of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra .... 66 Governments of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra ...... 68 -iii-

Recommendation ...... **. 69 Conditions of Effectiveness ...... 69

Schedule A: Resettlement and Rehabilitation...... 70 Schedule B: Institutional, Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements for Resettlement and Rehabilitation 72

TABLES

1. Implementation Goals and Objectives - SSP 2. Salient Technical Features, Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Complex 3. Annual Cement Request 4. Annual Steel Requirements 5. Detailed Cost Table - Main Dam 6. Detailed Cost Table - Rockfill Dikes and Link Channels 7. Detailed Cost Table - Riverbed Powerhouse 8. Detailed Cost Table - Garudeshwar Weir 9. Detailed Cost Table - Canalhead Powerhouse 10. Detailed Cost Table - Transmission System 11. Detailed Cost Table - Vadgam Saddle Dam and Bypass Tunnel 12. Detailed Cost Table - Hydrometeorological Network 13. Detailed Cost Table - Training & Technical Assistance 14. Land Acqisition and Resettlement 15. Detailed Cost Table - Su-mary Accounts by Year (2 pages) 16. Detailed Cost Table - SuummaryAccounts by Project Component 17. Detailed Cost Table - Project Component by Year (Schedule of Expenditures) 18. Estimated Recurrent Operation and Maintenance Costs 19. Sharing of Project Costs Among Party States 20. Estimated Disbursement Schedule 21. Loan and Credit Allocation 22. Priority Listing of Work Plan Topics of the Narmada Planning Group 23. Incremental Agricultural Production (By Volume and Value) 24. Regional Changes in Average Net Farm Income from Crop Production 25. Projected Change in Average Incore and Land Rent from Crop Production 26. Cost of SSI Project Components by Time (22-years) 27. Water Delivery and Drainage Project, Recurrent Operation, Maintenance and Energy Costs 28. Economic Cost and Benefit Streams 29. Economic Evaluation of Sardar Sarovar Project by Functions -iv-

FIGURES

1. Narmada Basin Projects (Schematic) 2. SSP Implementation Schedules Sheet 1 - Dam and Power Complex Sheet 2 - Conveyance, Distribution, and Drainage Development 3. Probable Maximum Flood for Narmada River at Sardar Sarovar Reservoir 4. Sardar Sarovar Dam and Ancillary Works - Detailed Implementation Schedule 5. Procurement Schedule for Civil Works - Main Dam and Riverbed Powerhouse 6. Procurement Schedule for Equipment and Maintenance - Main Dam, Steel for Penstocks (RBPE and CHPH) 7. Project Organization Chart - Operations & Maintenance 8. Phasing of Economic Project Costs 9. Projected Water Use in Gujarat from Different SourceL 10. Buildup of Project Benefits 11. Total Benefits and Costs Over Time 12. Sample Distribution of the Economic Rate of Return

MAPS

1. Command Area (IBRD 17691) 2. Basin Projects (IBRD 17694) 3. Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Complex (IBRD 17692)

SUPPLEMENTARYDATA VOLUME(SDV)

ANNEXES

1. Planning the Sardar Sarovar Project 2. Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal Final Order and Decision 3. Surface Water Resources 4. Groundwater Resources 5. Agriculture 6. Project Criteria and Plan of Operation 7. Groundwater Drainage and Conjunctive Use 8. Frsmework for Operation and Maintenance 9. Dam and Power Complex .10. Economic Analysis 11. Documents in Project File INDIA

NARMADARIVER DEVELOPMENT- GUJARAT

SARDARSAROVAR DAM AND POWERPROJECT

I. BACKGROUNDJ

Introduction

1.01 The Harmada River Development (NRD) comprises a multistate program for development of hydropower and irrigation dams and their associated irrigation canal networks on India's largest west flowing river (map IBRD 17691). Elements of the basinvide program are planned for construction over the next 40-50 years. This development would bring an additional 4-5 M ha of potentially valuable agricultural land, now prone to drought and scarcity, under irrigation. The NRD would also secure municipal and industrial (M&I) water supplies and bolster electric generating ca acity within India's western region transmission grid by at least 2,700 NW. Over- all, the NRD would uplift the lives of about 11 X people in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Rajasthan, and Maharashtra.

1.02 The Government of India (GOI) has sought Bank assistance in financing the first stage of the NRD-Gujarat or Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP), which would be the first in a series of about 30 major projects that are planned for development within the Narmada Basin. The SSP would form the basis of Gujarat's regional water plan for almost the entire state north of the Nar- mada River. Development of the SSP would take place over the next 22 years. The cost of construction at present prices is estimated at US$5,889 M. The SSP would irrigate about 1.9 M ha in Gujarat State and create the potential for irrigation to about 70,000 ha and/or provide municipal and industrial water supplies in Rajasthan, install 1,450 MW 2f hydroelectric power gener- ation at two plants, and supply about l,3(.0Mm /year of M&I water. The SSP consists of a large dam and power complex on the Narmada River near Navagam village in Gujarat, including a large storage reservoir extending upstream for about 210 km in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and MP, and a canal network serving an irrigation command area extending about 440 km on the right bank northvest to the Rajasthan state boundary.

1.03 The proposed Bank lending operation would assist two SSP elements simultaneously as follows:

(a) an IBRD loan and IDA credit of US$200 M and USS100 M, respectively, towards the cost of constructing the dam and power complex during 1984/85 through 1994/95; and

Jj This chapter is in large parts identical to the corresponding chapter in SAl, No. 5108-IN titled, "Water Delivery and Drainage Project." -2-

(b) an IDA credit of US$150 K towardsthe cost of constructingthe canal network during the years 1984/85through 1988/89. The operationis describedin two staff appraisalreports (SARs),"Sardar SarovarDam and Power Project,."Report No. 5107-INand "Water Deliveryand DrainageProject," Report No. 5108-IN;a "SupplementaryData Volume" (SDV) comprisingten technicalannexes; and a list of documentson file.

1.04 The Bank assisteddam and power project describedin this SAR, No. 5107-IN, would finance the SSP dam and power complex to be completed at an estimatedcost of US$1,934M by 1994. Together,the propcsedIBRD loan and IDA credit of US$200M and US$100 M, respectiv-ely,would finance1% of the total estimatedproject cost net of taxes and duties. The GOI and the Governmentof Gujarat (GOG) would seek financingproposals during the bidding process (para 5.07) for the large reversibleturbines and generatorsto be installedin the RiverbedPowerhouse (RBPH), one of the project'stwo proposedhydropower plants. Financingwould be providedby the states of Gujarat,MP, Maharashtra,and Rajasthan,L/ the first three stateswould share the power benefits,and Gujarat and Rajasthanwould share the irriga- tion benefits. The SocioeconomicSetting

1.05 India. 0a India is a large and diverse countrywith a populationof over 700 M and an annual per capita incomeof about USS250. The economy is dominatedby agriculture,which employsmore than two thirds of the labor force and accountsfor about 40% of GDP. Sluggishagricultural growth (2.3% a year since 1950) combinedwith temporarysetbacks caused by poor monsoons have been factorsretarding the economy. D-spite intensivepublic investment that has more than doubledto about 25% of GDP, India continuesto suffer from inadequateinfrastructure facilities especially water distributionto droughtprone areas, power, and shortagesof key materials. As a result,the economicgrowth rate has averageda moderate 3.6X a year since 1950. In attempts to raise levels of economic growth GOI has devoted considerable resourcesto irrigationand power development. 1.06 Gujarat. J The state of Gujarat covers an area of 19,600km 2, and has a populationof about 36 N (1983) that is growing at an annual rate of

O1 Rajasthanwould provide financingto the extent it is obligatedunder the Narmada Water DisputesTribunal decision.

]1 Detailedreview is in "EconomicSituation and Prospectsof India," IBRD reportno. 4962-IN,April, 1984. Detailedreviev of the energy sector is in the SAR for Bodh;hatHydroelectric Project, report no. 4909-IN, March 12, 1984. O/ Greater detailsare in SDV, annex 1, "Planningthe Sardar Sarovar Project.." -3-

25%. It is relativelyurbanized and has a large and fast-growingmanufac- turing sector. Between1960 and 1982 the state's incomegrew at an annual rate of 3.7Z and per capita income reachedin 1983 a level of US6320,which is considerablyhigher than the all-Indialevel (tS4250). Agriculture accountsfor more than one third of the state'sincome and for more than 602 of the working population(1981). Moreover,agriculture based industries account for more than 50% of all factoryemployment. Agriculturalproduction largelydepends ou weather conditions,since much of Gujarat is characterized by low and highly variablerainfall. This, and the limitedirrigation facilities,have made the state susceptibleto droughtand famine. Since 1900, severefood shortagesdue to drought have been experiencedat least 25 times. Consequently,Government of Gujarat (GOG) has given a high priority to irrigationdevelopment. The NarmadaBasin Development

1.07 The Narmada is the largestwest flowingriver in India. It rise, in the highlandsof easternMP and flows in a narrow valley for 1,3002km befora discharginginto the Gulf of Cambay, drainingan area of 98,00 km in the statesof HP, Gujara5, and Maharashtra. The averageannual flow of the Narmadaof 45,000 Mm is greater than the total of the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej flows that feed the great Indus Basin. More than 9O0 of the runoff occurs during the monsoon season (June-September),so that effectiveutilization of the water resourcerequires construction of major storagereservoirs. In the 1950s and 1960s,comprehensive plans were drawn for the developmentot the NarmadaRiver, but most of the plans were held up becauseof interstate disputesover the allocationof water. Thus, today the water resource remainsalmost totallyundeveloped. Out of the thirtymajor projects presentlyenvisaged, only one has been completed(Barna), one is nearing completion(Tawa), and one is under construction(Bargi), all in NP.

1.08 The NarmadaWater DisputesTribunal (iWDT). In 1965, GOI appointeda conmitteeto developa master plan for the basin, and when the riparian states failed to accept its recommendations,GOI appointedthe Nasmda Water DisputesTribunal to adjudicate. Followingten years of deliberations,the NWDT gave its final award in December 1979. Accordingto estimanesbased oan availabledata at that time, approximatelytwo thirds(22, 5W Io') of the 75Z dependableannual utilizablesupply of the river of 34 500 im3 was allocated by the NWDT to MP and most of the remainder(11,100 Mm) so Gujarat.3 Rajas- than and Naharashtrawere allocatedminor amounts (600 Mm and 300 m3, respectively).The NWDT also issued instructions,which have been taken into account in the formulationof the SSP, regarding:

(a) proportionatesharing of water in surplusand deficit years; (b) full reservoirlevel (FRL) of the Sardar Sarovar reservoir;

(c) elevationof the main canal at the Rajasthanborder;

(d) sharing of pover benefitsfrom SardarSarovar among Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,and Maharasbtra; -4-

(e) resettlementand rehabilitatiopof people livingin the reservoir area;

(f) regulatedreleases from the Nar-ada Sagar Dam in BP;

(g) sharingof costs for Sardar Sarovarand Narmada Sagar dams, Sardar Sarovarriverbed and canalheadhydropower plants, and the Narmadamain canal; (b) administrativecoordinating mechanisms for implementationand operation; and (i) concurrentconstruction of Narmada Sagar Dan in HP.

1.09 Basin DeveloDmentPerspectives. The NWDT's award has opened up the potentialfor the most importantwater developmentin India to take place before the end of this century. Presentplans call for the constructionof 30 major projects (21 irrigation,5 hydropover,and 4 multipurpose),some 400 medium irrigationschemes, and several thousandminor schemes (figure1 and map IBRD 17694). In addition to power generationand irrigationinside the basin, water has been allocatedfor domesticand industrialuses and for multipurposetranabasin diversions to: Son and Ton basins in easternMP, droughtprone areas of Kutch, ,northern mainland in Gujarat,and southernRajasthan. In total, around 5 M ha would be brought under irriga- tion, and about 2,700 NW of bydropowercapacity would be installedat a total cost of some US$13,000X in today'sprices as summarizedbelow:

SalientFeatures of the Narmada Basin Development

Irrigation Beneficiaries Power Annual Farm Rural Installed Annual CCA Ja Irrization Families Population CaRacity Production (M ha)------(M)------(Xi) - --- (GWh)---

MP 2.8 3.1 0.8 6.0 1,250 3,500 Gujarat 1.9 2.0 0.4 4.5 1,450 3,500 Rajasthan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 0 0 Maharashtra <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0 0

Total 4.8 5.1 1.2 10.8 2,700 7,000

/a Cultivablecommand area.

Past Bank Group SuDgort for Irrigationand Power Develoimentin Guiarat

1.10 The Bank Group has provided significantsupport for Gujarat'sirriga- tion development,starting with the constructionof the ShetrunjiCanal system (CreditNo. 13-IN, 1961, US$4.5 M), and followedby the Kadana Irriga- tion Project (CreditNo. 176-IN, 1970, US$35 1). Although the actual rate of return estimatedin the completionreport was lower than anticipatedat -5- appraisal (12% vs. 14Z), the Mani command served from Kadana Reservoir is now one of the most prosperous and productive areas in Gujarat.

1.11 Two creaits for irrigation are presently under implementation: the Gujarat (Medium) Irrigation Project (Credit bo. bW8-IN, 197b, USNb5 N) and the Gujarat Irrigation II (Major) Project (Credit No. lUll-IN, 1180, USS175 1). Together the two projects comprise about four rifths of Gujarat-s annual irrigatiouk investments outside harmada development. Partly due to the innovative nature of many of the projects' components, implementation was at first slower than expected. Satisfactory progress has been made with the Gujarat Medium operation which is now entering its second phase under the follow-on project to the Gujarat (Medium) Irrigation Project, covering a new time slice that has been appraised and was approved by the Board in June 19b4 (Credit No. 1496-IN). An objective of the project is a significant strengthening of Gujarat-s ability to plan, design, construct, and operate irrigation systems that can deliver a timely and reliable water supply. Although Gujarat (Major) (Cr. 1011-IN) has suffered from pervasive implemen- tation problems, primary bottlenecks have now been removed and action on residual problems has been agreea. with GOG. An important lesson learnt during this project is the urgent need for a centralized procurement organization such as is proposed under the SSP.

1.12 The Bank-s involvement in power development in Gujarat has been through loans to central government for rural transmission and electrifica- tion from which the state has benetited- The Third Rural Electrification Project is now under implementation. Power supplies through tne National Thermal Power Corporation and the Western grid and provision of rural power lines, together with finance for wells and pumps from the Bank supported Agriculture Refinance and Development Corporation lending programs have had a significant impact on the development of groundwater resources of Gujarat.

II. THE SARDAR SARUVAR PROJECT 1/

General

2.01 The SSP is the part of the NRD program located in Gujarat (para 1.02). It would be based on a dam and power complex on the Narmada River near Navagam village about 95 km upstream from the Gu.xlf ox Cambay (map IBRD 17692) and irrigate a net cultivable command area (CCU) of 1.9 h ha. In addition, it would generate hydropower and supply water tor M&I water needs. It would be the largest Indian irrigation project ever planned and imple- mented as one unit.

jJ Portions of this cbapter are identical to comparable paragraphs of SAR, No. 5108-IN. -6-

Proiect Formulation. PreDaration. and Objectives

2.02 Folloving the award of the NWDT, the Bank mounted a reconnaissance mission in November 1978 to review basin development plans and to determine an appropriate means for Bank involvement. The mission recommended that:

(a) a high level Narmada Planning Group (NPG) should be established by the GOG;

(b) private or independent consultants gJ should be retained for systems studies and general planning of the GOG; and

(c) key foreign experts should be provided through the UNDP and a special project preparation component of an IDA credit.

2.03 Subsequently, GOG formed the NPG as a comprehensive planning organization. The NPG has performed effectively its role of providing studies and analyses that would clarify choices for decisionmakers in GOG regarding design, construction, water allocation modes, operational schedules, schemes, etc. The UNDP-s Technical Assistance Program was initiated in 1979 and a USS10 H component was attached to Gujarat Irrigation 11 Project (Credit No. 1011-IN) I/ to support project planning activities in India, especially for Narmada. Preparation and appraisal activities from 1980 to 1983 entailed the use of specialists in the fields of systems plan- ning and scheduling, hydrology and hydraslics, large canal, concrete dam, hydropower, and related structure designs, distribution, drainage, and con- junctive use system design, groundwater resource evaluation, agriculture, inland navigation, O&M planning, resettlement, procurement, institutional planning, and cost estimates. The NPG and the Irrigation Department (ID) .J of GOG have made extensive use of local research institutes and consulting firms. Within a period of three years an impressive array of high quality studies and designs have resulted, including a comprehensive framework plan by the NPG and production by the ID of high quality designs, specifications, and procurement documents. GOG has prepared a project that represents a break with past approaches to the plAnning, design, construction, and opera- tion of irrigation projects in India. In addition, Bank staff and its con- sultants have contributed substantially to the optimization of the Narmada basin development plans and the design of its initial project investments through their input to SSP and upstream projects in hP including the Narmada Sagar dam complex.

)J The NPG had successfully utilized, under contract, the services of Opera- tions Research Group, , Gujarat, (a private firm) for several years during the critical planning stages of the SSP.

21 Subsequently supplemented by a further US10 million under the UP Tubevells II Project (Cr. 1332-IN).

M The ID has been renamed the Narmada Development Department as described in para 6.07. -7-

2.04 Obiectives. Water from the Narmada River is Gujarat's remaining major water resource to be developed. Groyth of the state economy, and of agriculture in particular, would depend critically on the availability of this resource in the dry and drought prone central and northwestern parts of the state. The SSP would be the key element in Gujarat's water plan for these areas. The main objectives and functions of the SS1 are therefore:

(a) to provide storage and regulation of Narmada River flo-ws for estab- lishing efficient, reliable and equitable supply of irrigation water, coupled with effective drainage services, over about 1.9 M ha of command area and municipal, industrial and domestic water in Gujarat and to create potential for irrigation of about 70,000 ha and/or provide domestic, municipal and industrial water supplies in Rajas- than, with the aim of creating the basis for a modern, diversified agricultural production system and for productive employment of its growing rural population through irrigation; and

(b) to provide storage and regulation of Narmada River flows for estab- lishing a reliable and efficient supply and distribution of hydroelectric energy and generating capacity including peaking capacity, to the western region power grid serving the States of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Salient Features of SSP

2.05 The principal physical features of the SSR would consist of the following:

(a) Water storaze facilities. The Sardar Sarovar Dam would be a gravity mass concrete structure rising to a height of 128.5 m above the riverbed. It would create a reservoir with an initial live storage of 5,800 Nm? (4.72 hAE) extending about 210 km up the Narmada valley and submerging an area of 370 kmu, and would require the resettlement and rehabilitation of about 11,00 families. The safety and utiliza- tion of the dam and reservoir would be enhanced by the installation and operation of the hydrometeorological network for the purpose of flood warning and day to day reservoir operations.

(b) Power facilities. There would be power generating facilities on the riverbed and on the reservoir outlet to the main canal. The Riverbed Powerhouse, located underground on the right bank downstream of the main dam, would accommodate six reversible units each of 200 MW capacity that would necessitate construction of a weir downstream at Garudeshwar for pumpback operation. The Canalbead Powerhouse (CHPH) on the right bank upstream of the main dam would be a surface station of conventional type accommodating five units each of 50 MW capacity. The powerhouses would operate through a common switchyard to feed 400 kv transmission lines that deliver power to Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

(c) Water supplv and distribution facilities. Releases would be through the CHPH or the irrigation by-pass tunnel. Those releases would be -8-

reregulated in four interconnected ponds above the main canal head regulator. The main canal, branches, and distributaries,which form the conveyance system to 200-500 ha irrigation service areas (SAs), would be concrete-lined and equippea with sufficient cross-regulators,and heaa control gates to operate on the controlled volume principle (SAR No. 5108-IN). The canal delivery system, within SAs would be lined to outlets serving about 8 ha and channels would be unlined from there to the farm or field outlets, and would be free draining. In-line hydropower stations would be located on drops on the Saurashtra and Kutch branch canals, and pump stations would be located on the rising reaches of these canals.

(d) Groundwater suRPIv facilities. Where aquifer conditions permit, centrally controlled augmentation tubewells would supply water to the delivery network above or at the head of SAs and then to the canal delivery system in the area.

(e) Draina.e facilities. An open channel flood drainage system consist- ing of improved natural and artificial drains would be constructed to the 40-ha level in the command area. Surface drainage from the field to the 40-ha level would be the responsibility of the farmer. However, drainage channels required for protection of irrigation facilities will do much to meet this need. Where present, the aug- mentation tubewells would perform a groundwater drainage function. Elsewhere, provision would be made to dispose of excess groundwater by pumping from wells to waste or by provision of horizontal drainage, as appropriate.

(f) Roads. The existing road network within the command area would be enhanced by improving farm to market access and by constructing new roads to support operation and maintenance (o&4) of the total system.

(g) Other infrastructure. A looped communicatio-asystem would be provided between the project control center, area control centers, and all flow control points. All such flow control points would be monitorea by sensing devices, and all flow control structures at greater than 8.5 cumec capacity would be equipped for remote control. Other infrastructure include buildings for offices, stores, workshops, and residences, to support O0alof the total system.

(h) Command area development. This would include land shaping, develop- ment of on-farm drainage facilities, and agricultural support serv- ices.

SSP Implementation Period

2.06 It was estimated at appraisal that it would take 22 years to complete the entire SSP water storage, delivery and drainage systems including con- junctive use schemes, command area development and roads. The dam and power facilities are scheduled for initiation in 1985 and completion in 1994. SSP implementation goals and objectives are shown in table 1. Figure 2 shows the implementation schedules for all major components of the SSP, including the dam and pov-ercomplex (sheet 1) and the conveyance, distribution, and -9- drainagefacilities (sheet 2). GOG indicatesthat it expects completionof major SSP conveyanceand drainageworks by September30, 1998 and the remain- ing works, by September30, 2006. Thus, the 22-year implementationperiod (figure2) which was derivedat appraisal,provides the principalbases for economicevaluation of the SSP. Variationsare to be expected in the implementationand completionof specificworks which are projectedtwo decades in advance,for such a complexdevelopment program. Possibledevia- tions from implementationassumptions taken and effects,therefore, upon the justificationof the SSP are fully coveredby the risk considerationsof ChapterVII.

Rationalefor Bank Involvementin Sardar SarovarProiect

2.07 Due to the project'soutstanding potential for benefitingthe basin and the nation, the Bank has been closely involvedduring the planning, preparationand formulationstage. IDA funds have been providedto finance costs of preparationof basin projectsin Gujarat and HP (para 2.03). The Bank has emphasizedthe optimizationof the basin plan through,inter-alia, the adoptionof modern design criteria,methodologies and appropriate institutionsfor executingthe key investmentsand in the phasingof invest- ments. The rationalefor continuationof Bank involvementis summarized below:

(a) The project has the potentialfor generatinglong term socioeconomic benefitson an unprecedentedlocal, regional,and national scale,in one of the world's neediestsettings.

(b) The Bank has had a catalyzingrole in the interstatecoordination and informationexchange between the basin statesand should continueto do so. Modern river basin planning effectinginterdependent projects calls for new and complextechniques and approachesthat are not widely availablein India and are not likely to be adequatelyused withoutBank involvementand assistance.

(c) The planningobjective is to satisfy the requirementsof agriculture in the next century. New proposed technologiesot systemsoperation and controland other innovations,that have been adopted at the planningand design stages,may be slow or never occur without con- tinuedBank participation.

(d) This projectrepresents one of the best opportunitiesto achievethe Bank's objectivesof settingstandards for the modernizationof the Indian irrigationsector.

(e) It is significantthat through the Bank's participation,the project has taken a different,more modern shape than it may otherwisehave taken. While this could be true of many projects,this case has greater significancedue to its size. (f) Bank involvementwould act as a catalystfor the attractionof inter- national contractorsand financingfrom outsidesources for hydropowerequipment. -10-

III. TRE SARDAR SAROVAR DAM AND RESERVOIR

Locationand Site Characteristics

3.01 The damsite is locatedin the vicinity of Navagamvillage, 80 km southeastof the city of Vadodara. The topographyof the damsite is rugged and hilly and is well suited to the type, layout, and dimensions of the cam selectedfor the project. The geology has been thoroughlyinvestigated and analyzed. The dam foundationexcavations essentially have been completed. Early excavationshelped determinethe weaknessesin the foundationand enabled correctivemeasures to be designedwithout delayingmain dam constructionand have also confirmedmajor quantityestimates of the tender documents. Weak materials in the fault zone in the river channel have been excavatedto an ele-7ation11 m below sea level and backfillingwith reinforcedconcrete to the normal foundationlevel at 18 m above sea level were completedat the end of 1983-b4construction season. The layout and locationof main featuresof the dcn complexare shown on map IBRD 17692.

3.02 Comprehensivegeologic investigations have been conauctedon the right abutment of the main dam to prove the competency of the site for construction of the undergroundpowerhouse. This includesextensive test drillingof the proposedaccess tunneland cavern excavationlocations and an exploratoryaait along the longitudinalaxis and near the top of the proposed22 m by 58 m by 211 m machine ball. The final design specifications and bid packagewere reviewed at appraisalby expertsof the Snowy MountainEngineering Corporation (SNEC),Australia. The internationallyconstituted (Sardar Sarover) Dan Review Panel (DRP) (see para 4.22) has conductednumerous reviewsof the site and the relevant technicaldata in order to approve the proposeddesign and layout parsmetersand to assure the integrityof the design, its structuralviability, and the water tightnessof the site.i) 3.03 TribunalDesign Decisions. Principaldecisions made by the NWDT in 1979 that affected the dam designwere as follows: (a) Full supply level (FSL) of the main canal at the head regulator was fixed at EL 91.44 m; and

(b) Full reservoir level (FRL) and maximun water level (MWL) in the reservoirwere fixed at EL 138.68m and 140.21m, respectively. 3.04 Site Selection. Nine sites had been investigatedsince 1947 in the search for a possibledamsite on the lower WarmadaRiver. Four of these sites were discardedwhen it was decidedthat a higher dam was preferable,which requiredmoving the axis upstreamwhere the topographyprovided higher abut- ments for the dam. The most favorabledamsites were narrowedto three sites in the vicinityof Navagam village. Of these, one site was rejectedbecause its topographywas least favorablefor a high dam, and followingfurther exten- sive geologicexploration of the two remainingsites, the presentSardar Sarovar site was chosen.

jJ The geology,topography, climate, and hydrology of the region and the dam and reservoirsites, includingpermeability and seismicparameters, are fully discussedin SDV, annex 9, chapter IV, and the record of the proceed- ings of the DRP which are in the project files. -ll-

3.05 Type of Dam. Four alternative types of dams were evaluated for the site including:

(a) full gravitydam;

(b) buttress dam with nonoverflowsection on the left flank, gravitydam in the spillwaysection, and gravity nonoverflowsection on the right flank; Cc) chute spillwaysection followedby a gravity nonoverflowdam on the left flank, rockfill in the river portionwith a gravity power dam followed by a gravity nonoverflowsection on the right flank; and (d) full lengthhollow dam.

The comparisonindicated approximately equal and lowest costs for alternatives (a) and (b), hovever,relative ease of constructionprompted the gravity dam choice.

3.06 The Reservoir. The reservoirwould extend some 210 km upstreamof the damsite in a narrowvalley carved in basalticrock underlainby sandstogeand limestone. The total 5eservoir capacityat FRL of 138.7 i is 9,500 EIm with a surfacearea of 370 km . The active storageis 5,600 Mmu betweenFRL and minimum drawdown level (MDDL) for power operations of 110.6 m. For irrigation diversionsduring sevIredrought, the MDDL would be loweredto about 93.6 m adding about 1,640Mm of active storage.

3.07 There appearsto be no potentialfor leakage into anothercatchment, and leakagearound the dam would be controlledby the planned groutingprogram. There is no historicalrecord of large scale landslideshaving occurredwithin the reservoir area or its vicinity, and a survey presents no evidence of landslidesthat would affect the behaviorof the reservoir. A seismicmonitor- iDg network is proposedto evaluatepossible reservoir induced seismicity in the future. Siltationstudies indicatea reservoirlife in the range of 180 to 340 years. The dead storageprovided is considereaadequate. 3.08 There are an estimated235 villagesand 10,578 families in three states that would requireresettling prior to filling the reservoir. The principles to be adoptea for the resettlementof familieswere establishedby the NWDT and modified or expandedat appraisaland supplementedby institutionalarrange- ments for implementation(see paras 4.34-4.38). Planningis underwaywith the ForestryDepartment to salvage all marketabletimber prior to inundation.

Climate and Hvdrology

3.09 Climate. The climateof the NarmaaaBasin is humid and tropical, although,at times, extremesof heat and cold are encounteredwith temperatures ranging between 430 C and 70 C. The range of mean annual temperaturesare as follows:

January to February 150 C to 200 C March to hay 300 C to 32.50 C June to September 27.50 C to 300 C October to December 250 C to 27.50 C -12-

3.10 Rainfall/Runoff. Rainfall data in the basin area has been available since 1b91 at which time 21 rain gauge stations were in operation, and by 1974 this had increased to 108 stations. Regular hydrologic gauging in the harmada River commenced in 1942, but it was not until 1948 that continuous hydrographic recording was established. There are now nine river gauging stations operating on the Narmada River and 19 on its tributaries. Runoff at the gauge site at Garudeshwar (about 14 km below the damsite) has been recorded for 33 years since 1950, and provides the site with direct discharge data. The rainfall records have been correlated with the river discharge records to establish a rainfall runoff relationship for the period prior to 1950. The mean annual rainfall of the catchment is 1,214 mm of which 60% falls in July and August, and 90Y falls in the monsoon months of June to October. From a recent statis- tical analysis of the frequency distribution of estimated runoff at Garudeshwar gauge for the period 1925-197b (c3alendaryears), the mean annual runoff at the da site is estimated at 45,000 Mm and the 75% dependable runoff at 35,200 am/year. This compares with the estimate or 75% dependable r noff of 33,570 Mm3 upon which the NWDf based its ,"utilizable,"flow (34,500 0h ) to be sharea among party states. Lj 'rom March to May the discharges at the damsite fall to about 30 cumecs. Flows exceeding 2,000 cumecs are experienced in the monsoon for extended periods and the annual maximum nearly always exceeds 2U,000 cumecs. Sirce 1967, flood discharges have exceeded 48,U00 cumecs on iive occasions, with a maximum estimated at 69,000 cumecs in 1970.

3.11 Floods lUsedFor Design. The following two floods have been usea in the design for the Sardar Sarovar Dam:

(a) the flood witb a recurrence interval of 1,000 years. This is called the design flood for determining the *WL in the reservoir from the point of view of backwater flooding into MP; and

(b) the probable maximum flood (0IF) for determining the spillway size required to prevent overtopping oi the aam under any circumstances and protect against loss of life due to dam failure.

3.12 The determination of the PMF has been actively pursuea by the Narmaaa Project Dam and Design Circle (NW DJC) and the DRP with considerable input from Central Water and Power Research Station and the Indian Meteorological Depart- ment. In addition, several international experts in the field of flood hydrol- ogy have been engaged to advise on the matter. The studies contirm that the proposed height of the dam and design of the spillway are satisfactory. The reservoir design flood peak intlow (1,000-year) is istimated at 101,700 cumecs and its seven day volume was estimated at 16,4U0 Mm . 'lhispeak attenuates by reservoir storage to b7,300 cumecs at the spLllway as the reservoir rises to a maximum elevation of 139.7 m. The PMF hydrograph indicates 5 peak reservoir inflow of 171,0UO cumecs and a seven day volume of 33,600 lim . Attenuation of the inflow peak due to reservoir, channel, and overbank storage results in a peak spillway outflow of 132,000 cumecs and a maximum water elevation surface in the reservoir of 144.3 m. lhus, the design flood would remAin within the MWL of 140.2 m prescribed by the NWDT and the PNF flood would not overtop the

/ Utilizable flow as determinea by NWDT took into account natural flows based on Garudeshwar observed data from 194b-70 and hind-cast series from 1891-1948 plus carryover storage plus return flows minus reservoir evapora- tion. -13-

dam (top elevation(EL) 146.5 m) therebyrendering it safe againstall probable flooding. The estimatedPM1 hydrographsfor reservoirinflow and routed out- flow at the dam and spillwaysite are shown graphicallyin figure3. A detailed summary of the flood analysis, including results of modelling studies is given in SDV, annex 9. 3.13 ReservoirSedimentation. Based on 19b2 studiesof availabledead storage,measured suspendedsediment and projectedbedload estimates, NPDCC concludedthat the reservoirhas an expected life of between180 and 340 years. These estimateswere acceptedat appraisalas adequate. 3.14 ReservoirOperation Studies. Assessmentof the operationof the Saraar Sarovar Reservoirdepends on model simulationof riverflowsas regulatedby upstream reservoirs,of upstreamabstractions, and of correspondingreturn flows. The schematicsequence of upstreamprojects is shown in figure 1. The simulationtakes into account the NWDT rules concerningsharing of utilizable flows, carryoverstorage to be provided in certainyears, and mandatorydown- stream releasesfrom Narmada Sagar Dam, which is yet to be built in MP. A simulationof MP's and Maharashtra'sabstractions, of their reservoiropera- tions, of Gujarat'sand Rajasthan'swater demand from SarciarSarovar Reservoir, and of releasesthrough RBPh has been undertakenfor a seriesof 30 years (1948-78)of natural runoff records. The simulationwas carriedout for a number of distinctstages of developmentof the basin, both upstreamand in Gujarat. The simulationswere subsequentlyadjusted to reflecta longer series of rainfalland runoff in the basin (54 years),which appearsto representlong run hydrologymore truly,giving mean annual runoff of 45,000hM3 (see para 3.10). The simulationstudies give indicativeestimates of mean potentialand projectedactual abstractionfrom Sardar SarovarReservoir for irrigationand other water uses, as well as for average releasesthrough the RBPH for selected stages of development. The estimatesare summarizedin the followingtable:

SurfaceWater Availability for ProiectedDevelopment Stages A/

DevelopgmntStage

Early Intermediateb/ Full c/

Gujarat Allocatedshare 10,800 (9,000) 11,200 (10,700) 11,800 (10,500) Potentialabstraction by Gujarat 12,800 (9,9U0) 12,bUO (10,100) 12,700 (10,6UO) Projectedabstraction by Gujarat 2,200 11,500 12,100 Rajasthan 3uO 600 650 Power releases (RBPH) 27,500 16,900 2,650

Note: All figuresrefer to estimatedmean flows, except figuresin brackets, which indicateflows at 75% dependability. a/ See SDV, annex 1, chapter III and annex 3, ."SurfaceWater Res...urces." b/ Assumes Gujaratand Rajasthanto be at full development,while MP and Maharashtra remain at an early stage of both reservoircapacity and abstractions. SJ Assumes basin fully developed. -14-

IV. THE PROJECT

Proiect Description

4.01 The project would consist of the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam and power complex, over a 110-month (9-years) construction period (1985-94). Salient technical features of the dam and power complex are given in table 2. The overall long term objectives of the SSP are su-marized in para 2.04. The specific objectives of this dam and power project are to create a major storage and diversion facility in the lower Narmada River valley and to develop, within existing physical and legal constraints, the river's multiple purpose water supply and hydroelectric power potential.

4.02 The dam and power complex would include the following main components:

(a) a 128.5 m high and 1,210 m long concrete gravity dam with a large gated spillvay and headworks for an underground powerhouse in the right abut- ment at riverbed;

(b) a RBPH with an installed capacity of 1,200 KW housing six 200 MW revers- ible turbine-generator units;

Xc) a concrete veir fitted with gates, located downstream of the (am to provide the short term storage required for the pumpback operation;

-d) a CEYIHwith installed capacity of 250 MW, including five 50 hW conven- tional turbine-generator units;

Ce) the Vadgam Saddle Dam that would secure the reservoir impoundment near the damsite on the right rim and provide the structural base for CHPH intake and penstock arrangements;

(f) irrigation by-pass tunnel that would supply irrigation requirements in the event the OHPR is not operating;

(g) four interconnected ponds (small reservoirs) to be created by rockfill dams that have been located between the CHPI discharge channel and the by-pass tunnel outlet and the main canalhead regulator;

(h) power transmission lines from project generating stations to MP and Maharashtra interconnection locations;

(i) a hydrometeorological (flood warning) network of raintall, streamflow and reservoir level gauges tied to telemetering and comunication systems to be established throughout the Narmada Basin.

(j) resettlement and rehabilitation of oustees from the project's dam and reservoir area;

(k) a training program to assist implementation of the project as well as future operation and maintenance of project facilities covering environ- mental sciences, operation and maintenance, and resettlement and rehabilitation; and -15- (1) technicalassistance for the project'soverall design, construction,and quality control;design and constructionof the undergroundRBPh; opera- tion and maintenanceof the dams, spillvays,hydroelectric power plants and power supplysystems; carrying out of the hydrometeorologicalnet- work; and, monitoringand evaluationof the resettlementand rehabilita- tion program.

A parallel water delivery and drainage project within the NRIi-Gujarat vill be implemented to ensure beneficialand timely utilizationof the water supply potentialscreated by the dam and reservoir. It is described in detail in SAR, No. 510&-IN. DetailedPLhsical Features 1/

Dam and Spillwavs

4.03 Description. The main dam would be a 1,210 m long concrete gravity structure. It would rise 128.5 m above streambed and 157.5 m above the lowest point of excavationin the riverbed. The FRI was fixed at elevation(EL) 138.68 m and MWL was fixedat 140.21m by the NWDT. Allowing for a freeboardof 6.29 m, the top of the dam is at 146.5 m. 4.04 Of the main dam's total length, the central 750 m portion supports a gated spillway sectionand 460 m on the flanks comprisenonoverflow sections. The 524 m long servicespillway contains 23 radial gates with dimensions18.3 by 16.7 a. Energy dissipationbelow the dam occurs in a 297 m long sloping-apron type stilling basin. The servicespillway in the center has side walls up to 56 m high, and four dividingwalls up to 45 m high that create five separate operatingbays.

4.05 A 161 m long auxilliaryspillway on the left flank containsseven 1.3 by 18.3 m radial gates discharginginto a chute. The end of the chute is fitted with energy dissipationdeflector buckets that jet spill water back to the stream. The chute walls would be up to 18 m high.

4.06 The serviceand auxiliaryspillways combined would provide protection against overtoppingand failureof the dam for a PMF peak inflow of up to 171,000cumecs which is attenuatedto 132,000 cunecsat the spillway. The river channel would be excavated for about 2J0 m below the sloping apron to improve its flow evacuationcharacteristics.

4.07 Ongoing constructionin the dam foundationis facilitatedby works for diversionof the river, includingupstream and downstreamcoffer dams, a diver- sion channelana constructionsluice at streambed. The sluicehas a bottomEL of 18 m and consistsof ten 2.8 by 2.1 a conduits. This sluicewould be plugged with concreteand replacedby eight similar sized conduitsat EL 35 m that would dischargeinto the servicespillway stilling basin followingits completion.

4.08 In additionto the sluiceways,other outletworks of the Sardar Sarovar Dam include: intakefacilities for the RBPH at EL 97.5 m in the nonoverflow

jj The followingconstitutes a suimaryof the overallmagnitude of the project and its facilities,however, additional details are given in SDV, annex 9. -16- section on the right abutment; four emergency outlets placed with invert EL 61.5 m for passing the lover riverflows during construction following closure of the temporary sluiceways; ana the CHli outlets at Vadgam Saadle Dam and the irriga- tion by-pass tunnel that are not part ot the uain aam structure.

4.09 Mategial Requirements. Construction of the main dam involves placement of over 7 Mm of mass and structural concrece that would require approxima e quantities of cgnstruction materials as follows: ngtural aggregates - 7 Mzm; cement - 1.2 Mm ; fly ash or pozzolana / - 0.2 Mm ; and crushea aggregates - 0.6 i.3. There are more than adequate supplies of aggregates for all concreting works in close proximity to the aam. All required cement would be obtained from a newly commissioned 2,OUO tons/day cement factory near some 150 km from the dausite. Pczzolana would be obtained from fly ash from the Ukai Thermal about 250 km from the damsite, or burnt clay pozzolana from shale deposits located nearby or in Rajasthan as necessary to assure use of the best available quality (see pars 4.33).

Riverbed Powerhouse

4.10 The RBPH comprises an underground cavern (22 m by 211 m by 58 m) in the right bank housing six 200 MW reversible turbine-generator units and a b50 m long two way access tunnel. The sequentially alignea water conductor system consists of six 7.62 m diameter by 210 m long tunnels extending trom respective intake structures on the face of the right nonoverflow section of the main dam; six circular 10 m diameter by 160 m long tunnels from the turbines; an open collection pool; three circular tailrace tunnels 11.5 m diameter by 430 m long; and an open tailrace channel to the river 150 m wide by b30 m long. Accessory facilities and equipment include cable shafts, a surface transformer deck, and switchyara for transmission connection.

Garudeshwar Weir

4.11 The weir is located about lb km downstream ot the tailrace outlet of the RBPH. It would be ^ gated, concrete structure about 23 m high that would provide about 26 Lm'storage and would maintain the minimum tailwater level at EL 25.9 m. The design is ongoing but no unusual foundation conditions are anticipated.

Canalhead Powerhouse

4.12 The surface CHPH comprises five 50 hW units and a transtormer deck. The water conductor system consists of six steel penstocks (6.7 m diameter by 80 m long) with gated intake structures located on the reservoir lace of Vaagam Saddle Dam, and an open channel about 140 m wide by 3U0 m long, which discharges into the first of four interlinked reservoirs (para 4.15). A comon switchyard would be constructed for both RBPH and CHPhito step up the generating voltage to 400 kV for transmission.

/.j A siliceous or silicaous and aluminous additive to a concrete mix whica combines chemically with lime in portland cement to improve workability ana quality of the concrete or protects against aisruptive expansion caused by alkali-aggregate reaction or sulphate attack. -17-

Vad2aulSaddle Dam

4.13 This dam is in a saddleon the right rim of the reservoirabout bO m upstreamof the main dam axis. The dam is about 60 m high, and containsthe CEPH intake regulatorand retains the reservoirlevel. The saddledictates the locationof the power station. The site has been investigateavith drill holes and trenchesresulting in the selectionof a concretemasonry dam. Enough geologicinvestigations have been completedto assure the adequacyof the site from a foundationand water tightnesspoint of view (SDV, annex 9, para 4.16). Detaileddesign data collectionand designs are proceeding. The IrritationBv-pass Tunnels

4.14 The by-pass tunnelshave been designed to release the peak irrigation requirementsso that the irrigationdemand can be met if the (BPH is out ot operation. It is locatedon the right abutmentwith its intakeabout 75 m upstreamof the main dam. Presentdesign envisagestwin pressurizedtunnels, each of 6.4 m diameteroperated by controlgates locatedat the downstreamend of the tunnel. An invertelevation adequate to allow substantialflow into the Narmadamain canal when its water surfaceis at about &7 m has been recommendea, pending final design studies,to assure utilizationof additionalstorage as discussedin para 3.U6. A stillingbasin type energy dissipatorwould be providedat the entranceto the upper regulatingreservoir (paras 4.15-4.16). The CanalheadRefulation Reservoirs

4.15 Four interlinkedreservoirs behind rockfill dams have been located between the CHPH dischargechannel or the irrigationby-pass tunneloutlet and the main canal3headregulator. The four reservoirswould have an active storage of about 13 NmJ for controlof daily operationalmismatches between power releasesand irrigationdemands.

4.16 Constructionof the dams and interlinkchannels commenced in 1980. The dams are constructedof earth and rockfillembankments with centralcore and filter zones, and are locatedon four smallwatercourses. The ponds are inter- linked by deep channelsexcavated through the ridges between the watercourses. A rock-masonryspillway structure for flood protectionis providedon the righc flank of the dam on reservoirno. 3 and evacuatesinto the SuryakundNalla. Normal operatinglevels in the reservoirswould vary between EL 95.12m and EL 92.07 m allowingdischarge in the main canal at FSL of 91.46 m.

TransmissionLines

4.17 Transmissionfacilities would consistof about 670 km of 400 kv double-circuittransmission lines to connectthe hydropowercomplex to the grid interconnectionpoints in Gujarat,XP, and haharashtra,and stepdownequipment at terminalpoints. However,NWDT's cost sharingformula for the project takes account only of the line length necessaryto transmitthe power to the NP and Maharashtraborders, a total line distanceof 1O km. Agreementhas been reachedwith GOGI GOMP and GOM that they would carry out, in accordancewith standardsand criteriaacceptable to the Bank, the planning,design and con- struction,and, by December31, 1991, or such other date as may be agreed upon between the Bank and the states,complete vithin their respectivestate bound- aries, the constructionof transmissionlines and substationsand other -18- power-relatedfacilities required for full integrationof the SSP power facilitieswith the WesternRegion power grid.

Design and ImplementationAsUects

Dan and SDillwavs

4.1 The dam design has5 been carriedout by the NPDDCwith overview by the DIP and sanctionedby the CEC. The design data and criteriaare in accordance with the standardslaid down by Indian StandardIS-6512-1973, which in turn is in accordancewith the scandardsof other major dam-buildingauthorities in the world. The design and layoutof the dam adoptedis consideredmost appropriate for the conditionsat the site and is primarilyinfluenced by featuresrequired for handlingof monsoon floods during constructionand the spillwayfacilities required to handle extremelylarge floodswhich could occur during the operation of the reservoir.

4.19 Comprehensivehydraulic modelling of the dam, its spillways,and outlet facilitieshave been completedand the DRY has accepted the layout,design, and dimensions of the facilities. The review of data at appraisalby SHEC resulted in basic agreementwith the DRP's conclusionsas describedin SDV, annex 9. All modelling used separatephysical models at the GujaratEngineering Research Institute,Vadodara and/or the CentralWater and Power ResearchStation, Pune. Principalconclusions are that the serviceand auxillaryspillways would ade- quately dissipateenergy for flood flows at the damsiteof up to 171,000cumecs (the probable maximum condition)without jeopardizingthe safety of the dam and would achieve sustainedperformance efficiently over the range of lower flood flows.

The Dam Review Panel

4.20 The DBP was formedearly in 1981 by authorityof GOI and GOG and had its initialmeeting in June 1981. Members includefive Indianand two expatriate consultants. Detailedterms of referenceof the panel require reviewand recom- mendationsconcerning the dam's technicaldata, analyses,designs, and implemen- tation plans. It was also to assure the aaequacyof the overalldesign, safety, and economicefficiency of the main dam and appurtenances,including the reser- voir, spillways,RPH, CHPR, foundationsand river diversionfacilities. The panel met seven times through1983. It has produceddetailed reports of meeting activitiesand progressiverecommendations. These reportsare maintainedin the project file.

4.21 Activitiesof the panel concentratedon the review of principalelements of the analysesand designs,which would effect the integrityof the main dam and spillvaystructures. Review elementsincluded: selection of the damsite; foundationexplorations to identifyveaknesses and possibleremedies, including foundationtreatment against sliding; layout of the dam complexwith emphasison hydraulicmodels and other analysesof the adequacyof spillwayenergy dissipa- tion; flood hydrologystudy results,including effects of the PMF on the main dam, the spillway,and appurtenantfacilities; seismicity coefficients appropriatefor the site; dynamic analysesof the structure;stability analyses; design criteriato be adopted;design of the undergroundRBPH; miscellaneous featuressuch as designsand plans for dam and reservoirmonitoring (instrumenta- tion) systems,spillway aeration,and spillvaygate operations; and preliminary -19- designs of related facilities such as Vadgam Saddle Dam (headworks for the CHPR intakes and penstocks), and the irrigation by-pass tunnel.

4.22 At appraisal, project authorities maintained the view that the DRI was chartered to be maintained only through the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project design stages. However, justification for continuing the review function under the auspices of a reconstituted Dam Safety Panel (DSP) throughout project implementation for this large and important dam and its related features has been clearly established. Thus, agreements have been reached with GOG that it would by April 1, 1985, establish and thereafter maintain a DS2 with terms of reference and membership satisfactory to the Bank. Agreements have also been reached that GOG would:

(a) cause the DSP to conduct semi-annual reviews of the adequacy of the plans and designs of the dams, spillways, bypass tunnel, veir, power- houses, channels and related structures and facilities included in the project and to examine, inter alia. whether there is a need for making changes in the design and/or construction; and

(b) not later than seven days from the date of each of the DSP-s reviews, furnish to the Bank and GOG a report of its findings, conclusions recom- mendations.

GOG further agreed that it would, under arrangements satisfactory to the Bank, cause the project-s dams, spillways, by-pass tunnel, weir, powerhouses, channels and related structures and facilities constructed under the project to be peri- odically inspected in accordance with sound engineering practices in order to detexmine whether there are any deficiencies in the condition of such struc- tures, or in the quality and adequacy of maintenance or methods of operation, which might endanger their safety. It is proposed that the DSP meet not less than every six months or when requested by project authorities to review overall designs, construction and quality control of the project-s water storage and control features and the hydropower components. Thereafter, the DSP would report its findings and recommendations to the project authorities for resolu- tion. In order to assist the resolution of such issues a pool of talent would be made readily available through a prepared list of indiviaual consultants. Thus, it has been agreed that GOG would by April 1, 1985, prepare and furnish to the Bank, for its approval, a list of consultants and/or experts in the areas of, inter alia quality control, design of gates and valves and related control equipment, concrete design and placement, steel fabrication and erection, tun- nels, rock mechanics including coutrolled blasting and rock support systems for the underground powerhouses, design and installation of large rotating equipment and accessory electrical equipment, operation and maintenance of dams and spillways and power plants and emergencies encountered during construction such as earthquakes and other unforseen events which may affect the project. Par- ticipation of the members of the DSP and individual consultants, as may be required, are included under conditions and arrangements to be funded under the loan and credit allocations for technical assistance which are further discussed in paras 4.27, 6.16 and 6.17.

The Hydronower ComDonents

4.23 The largest hydropower component is the underground RBPkIand its ancil- lary facilities. It was envisaged by NiWD as a conventional plant. However, investigations indicated that after the date of project commissioning, peak -20-

shortages would coincide with offpeak surpluses of energy that made desirable the adoption of reversible turbines, a less costly option than the addition of thermal peaking capacity elsewbere in the system. This decision required after- bay storage for pumping that is created by construction of Garudeshwar Weir across the Narmada River channel about i8 km below the main dam. Also, inves- tigations have justified the CE1R as a surface hydroelectric plant, as envisaged by NWDT, located just below Vadgam Saddle Dam. Its tail waters would discharge into the balancing reservoirs at the head of the main canal (map IBRD 17962). The capacities of the RBPH and of the CHPH would be 1,200 MW and 250 MW, respec- tively. Commissioning of the first 200 MW unit of the RBPH is expected in October 1992 and the sixth (last) unit in July 1994. Similarly, the first 50 hW unit of the CEPH would be commissioned in August 1992 and the fifth (last) unit in December 1993.

4.24 The analyses of the proposed RBPH and CHIi installations were carried out jointly by GOG and the Central Electricity Authority (C5A). These studies included comprehensive reservoir operation simulations, regional power demand and generation analyses, evaluation of the sizing of the plants and tur- bine-generator units in each plant, and a determination favoring the use of reversible turbine-generator units in the RBPR. Studies were also made to verify that Sardar Sarovar hydropower installations, as scheduled, belong to the least cost expansion program for the Western Region when compared with equiv- alent alternative sequences for power development. A full discussion of the hydropower component, including the electric power supply and demand situation in India and the western region, justifications for selecting the size and type of RBPH and CUPH units and overall plant sizing are presented in SDi, annex 9.

Hydrometeorological Network

4.25 A hydrometeorological network, including an early flood warning system for the Narmada Basin is included as a project component. This is justified by SRrdar Sarovar dam safety considerations that, under basin conditions, have resulted in the design of perhaps the world's largest spillway. lhere is also a critical need for real-time data upon which to base day-to-day decisions con- cerning the optimum operation of the basin's interrelated projects including the SSP. Moreover, future basin plans in MP call for immediate development of Narmada Sagar Dam located about 300 km upstream, (the basin's largest single storage unit), and the ultimate development of some 28 additional major project storage and diversion projects. Preparation, design, and implementation of those projects would also benefit from the data collected by a hydrometeorologi- cal network. The system would permit enhanced planning and design capabilities and result in improved operational efficiencies and reduction of flood damages throughout the Basin as soon as it becomes operational.

4.26 The network would be implemented and aaministered by coordination of project authorities in Gujarat, MP and Maharashtra and the N4armadaControl Authority. Study reports have been completed for NCA by the India-based firms of Telecommunication Consultants India, Ltd., and Computer Maintenance Corpora- tion Limited. Those reports along with KCA's June 1984 report titled "Hydrometeorological Network for Real Time Streamflow and Flood Forecasting in iarmadaBasin" resulted in a refinement and overall substantiation of estimates available at appraisal. jj Those refinements include definition of alternative

jj The consultants' and INCA-sreports are maintained in the project files. -21-

combinations of equipment and operating methodologies for the collection, storage, transmission, communication and processing of relevant data on a real time basis. Equipment subsystems would include the following: hydrometeorological sensors at lb self-recording rain gauges, 18 stream gauge discharge and 15 project reservoir sites located throughout the Basin; alterna- tive systems for data and voice transmission and communication including UHF/VHF radio, space sateAlite/VHF radio, and UHF/VHF radio along with arrangements for rental of existing equipment of the Post and Telegraph Department; and, a centrally located control center(s) with appropriate computer equipment to assist operators in the rapid monitoring and evaluation of data. Selection of the final network configuration and its operating plan is pending final evalua- tion of available options. Selection, design and evaluation of the final facilities and related operating procedures would be the combined responsibility of the liCA,GOG, GOU and GOMP project authorities. For implementation of the hydrometeorological network GOI would need to make available to the participat- ing states about US$15 M. Agreements have been reached with with GOG, GUMP and GOM that they would, in coordination one with another and the NCA:

(a) by December 31, 1986 prepare and furnish to the Bank, for its approval, a final system design for the hydrometeorologicalnetwork including equipment specifications and construction schedules, and thereafter, carry out the system design and construction following approval;

(b) by December 31, 1787, prepare and furnish to the Bank, for its approval, an operation and maintenance plan for the hydrometeorologicalnetwork including the provision of funds, staff and other resources, and, there- after, adopt and implement the plan as approved;

(c) by June 30, 1988, have the components of the hydrometeorological network located within their respective state boundaries, installed and opera- tional in a manner satisfactory to the Bank; and

(d) provide to NCA, as needed and in accordance with cost-sharing provisions of the hWDT decision, the funds, faciliLies, services and other resour- ces required to enable NCA to assist GOI in carrying out its respon- sibilities under the 1iDT decision related to, inter alia, the overall operation and maintenance of the hydrometeorological network.

Also, agreement has been reached with GOIP and GOM that they would carry out in coordination with one another and with GOG and NCA, the construction, procure- ment, installation, operation and maintenance of the hydrometeorological network in conformity with appropriate administrative, financial and engineering prac- tices, and provide as needed, the funds, facilities, staffing, services and other resources required for such purposes.

Traininz and Technical Assistance

4.27 Training, in support of interstate activities during implementation of the project, would be required in categories as follows (paras 6.14 and 6.15):

(a) the environmentzl sciences and mitigation measures;

(b) project operation and maintenance; and

(c) resettlement and rehabilitation. -22-

Technical assistance required for implementation would be in the folloving categories (paras6.16 and 6.17): (a) overall project design, construction and quality control;

(b) design and construction of the RBPH includingunderground works;

(c) operation and maintenance of dams, spillways, hydropower plants and power supplysystems; (d) implementationof the hydrometeorologicalnetwork;

(e) support of expert participationin DSP activitiesand of individualconsultants; and

(f) monitoring and evaluation of resettlement and rehabilitation activities. Implementation Schedule and Status of PreRaration

4.28 Figures 2 and 4 show the proposedoptimal implementationschedule for the overall SSP and details of the Sardar Sarovar Dam and ancillary works, respectively. Table 1 shows principal goals and objectives for the SSP. The entire complex is scheduled for completion in 1994.

4.29 Construction of the Main Dam. Works on the foundation excavation and treatment,and initialriver diversions were undertaken by a series of local contracts. Exposingthe foundationsof the dam enabledpotential problems to be identifiedand solved,and thus, permitteda more exact estimationof quantities and treatment required. 4.30 The contractfor the mai-ndam is on schedule. The contractprovides for the supplyby the governmentof a considerableamount of materialswhich can be suppliedeconomically from local sourcesfor which the contractorwould pay a fixed price, includingcement, steel reinforcement,explosives, rubble, and concreteadmixtures such as pozzolana(see para 4.09). In addition,the govern- ment would supplymost of the metalworkto be installedin the dam. These items of metalworkwould be obtainedby GOG throughcontracts with manufacturersand suppliersof equipment,including radial gates, river outlet gates, penstock gates, gantry crane, stoplogs,and pumps. Individualcontracts would be util- ized for supply and installation of elevators in the dam, and the construction of a substationfor permanentpower supplyto the dam. The design and bid package for the main dam and prequalificationof biddershas been completedand bids have been invited. The main dam contractrepresents about bbkXof the total cost of the project-sestimated work contracts. Also, prequalificationapplica- tions have been received,designs have been completedand bid solicitationis imminentfor the civilworks for the undergroundRBPB. lhe cost of the civil works on the RBPH equals about 8Z of the total cost of work contractsunder the project (para 5.14 et. seq.).

4.31 Other Contracts in the Dam and Power Complex. Other works would be undertakenby severaldifferent contractors working in close proximity with one another requiring considerable coordination and cooperation among the interested parties. The other contracts would include: -23-

(a) constructionof Vadgam Saddle Dam, includingthe intake structures for ClPH; (b) irrigationby-pass tunnels;

(c) rockfill dams and link channelsfor reregulationponds (these contractswere awardedin 1980 and are scheduledfor completion in 1985 - see para 4.16);

(d) civil works for the RBPH;

(e) civil works for the CPHR;

(f) supply and installationof the turbines,generators, and ancillariesfor the RBPX;

(g) supply and installationof turbines,generators, and ancillariesfor CAIPH; (h) constructionof switchyardcivil works constructionand installationof switchgearequipment; and

Xi) constructionof power transmissionlines.

4.32 Agreement has been reachedwith GOG that it would, carry out the plan- ning, design and constructionof the projectworks locatedwithin its state boundariesand the installationof project equipmentincluding the tur- bine-generatorunits of the RBPH and CHEkEand the hydrometeorologicalnetwork, in accordance with standards and criteria acceptable to the Bank.

4.33 SunRly of ConstructionMaterials. Constructionmaterials and goods, includingcement, steel,explosives, petroleum, tires, and battery requirernmeew, have been estimatedfor the SS2 over the entire implementationperiod. Of these, the total SSP requirementfor cement,over 7 X metric tons (mt), and steel,240,000 mt, would be the most difficultto meet because of the vast quantitiesand peak rates required. As shown in table 3, it has been estimated that cementwould be used at a rate of 500,000mt or more a year from 1987188 through1996/97, with a peak requirementof about 680,000mat in 1989/90for the main dam, pover facilities,and canal system. Similarly,steel would be requiredat a rate exceeding2U,000 mt a year from 1987/88through 1991/92 peakingat about 33,400 mt in 1989/90. At least half of the productionfrom the newly constructed2,000 mt a day cement plant near Surat would be dedicatedfor use of the Narmada project. Any additionalrequirements would come from loca- tions and sourcesnormally available to the state that are posted near the center of constructionas the project progressesacross Gujarat. Establishment of the CentralizedProcurement Unit (para 6.1b) would providethe necessary logistic mechanism for continuous evaluation and projectionof the project's criticalmaterial needs. Agreementhas been reachedwith GOG that it would maintainan adequatesupply of materialsincluding cement and steel needed to carry out the constructionworks under the project. -24-

Land Acquisition and Resettlement 1

General

4.34 At HWL of 140.2 m and FRL of 138.7 m, the reservoir would inundate about 41,000 and 37,000 ha of land, respectively, and require evacuation of some 67,000 people (mostly tribal) in three states. Land acquisition and resettle- ment options have been appraised and implementation plans have been initiated. Data obtained at appraisal on the area and people affected in the various states are summarized in the following table:

Gujarat Maharashtra MP Total

Area inundated (ha)(MWL)11,608 7,050 22,b82 41,000 Villages 19 36 160 235 Families 1,900 1,358 7,500 10,758 ZI Oustees (displaced 10,593 11,747 45,000 67,340 persons)

4.35 In the main reservoir area, overall timing of the resettlement program must be in advance of, but keyed to, the rise in water levels that would be controlled by the elevation of construction at the main dam at the end of each construction season. Scheduled yearly construction levels and the resulting nominal reservoir inundation areas are as follows:

Year 84/85 85/86 86/87 87/88 88189 89/90 90191 91192 92/93

Elevation (m) lb 24 24 40 45 66 106 122 138.7 Total area (iOO ha) a/ +1 +1 +1 +2 +2 4 10 1l 37

/A The maximum area inundated corresponds with the FRL while total of 41,000 ha would be innundated at flooa level (MWL).

The Tribunal Order

4.36 Land acquisition and rehabilitation principles of the NWDT are given in the Tribunal Orders. Submergence can only take place when payments and rehabilitation activities are completed among the states. There are provisions for arbitration in case of disputes among states. The Tribunal orders are summarized below:

jj For further details, refer to SDV, annex 1, ."Planningthe Sardar Sarovar Project.."

]/ The 14C's October 1984 report titled, "Sardar Sarovar Project:,Resettlement and Rehabilitation Programme, Supplementary Report" indicates that a total of 11,850 families would be displaced, or an increase of about 10 over the estimate available at appraisal. -25-

(a) Land and Mrovertv acquisition. The states were ordered to acquire for the project all private lands situated below FRL 138.7 m together with other pertinent private interests therein. In the area affected by floodlift, between FRL 138.7 m and MWL 140.2 m, buildings with appur- tenant lands only would be acquired, with the understanding that the floodlift would include the backwater effect above MWL 140.2 a. (The MWL is measured at the dam.) The floodlift is to be worked out by the Central Water Commission (CWC) of GOI. Gujarat is to pay to NIPand Maharashtra compensation for the acquisition of new lands, including charges and expenses incurred by them in the process. Furthermore, it is required to compensate the two states and GOI for government lands made available by them for the purpose. Also, Gujarat has to pay to MP and Maharashtra land revenue in accordance with their respective land revenue codes for all land made available or acquired, as well as com- pensation for the relocation of historical monuments, religious build- ings, etc., affected by the submergence. Lastly, Gujarat is to pay all costs and expenses incurred for the rehabilitation of oustees and their families in the territories of HP and haharashtra.

(b) Rehabilitation. The NWDT gave detailed orders for rehabilitation of oustees from the submergence area. The burden of rehabilitation falls on Gujarat as the builder of Sardar Sarovar Dam. It is reqLired to offer lands for new villages for oustees in its own territory, together with irrigated agricultural land, civic facilities, and grants to families being resettled. Only if oustees do not wish to migrate to Gujarat are IP and Maharashtra required to provide for land, facilities, and grants in their own territories, in which case Gujarat is to pay the respective states all costs and expenses arising from such resettlement, including that of land acquisition.

{c) Oustees. Every displaced family from whom more than 25% of its holdings has been acquired would be allotted an irrigable plot of the same size, vith a minimum of 2 ha per family and a maximum as allowed by land ceiling laws. Irrigation facilities have to be provided by the state in whose territory the allotted land is situated. While oustees are com- pensated for the land they loose, they would be debited with the price of the new land provided (to be mutually agreed among the party states). Only part of new land price is to be paid initially (50% of the compen- sation for lost land) and the rest to be paid off by the farmers over 20 years. The proceeds of downpayment and installments would be credited to Gujarat since Gujarat would have paid for its acquisition.

(d) Other. The NWDT further stipulated in detail the modalities and time frame for exchange of information among the concerned states on the extent of submergence areas, village location, yearly programs of rehabilitation, as well as for the various payments to be made. As a matter of principle, MP and Maharashtra retain all their rights of sovereignty over their submerged territory, in particular the rights of fishing and navigation on the reservoir as far as it is located in their territories. -26-

Additional Recuirements

4.37 The prime concern at appraisal with regard to oustees was ensuring that all persons displaced, including the landless who are mostly tribal, regain at least their previous standard of living after a reasonable transition period and that, so far as possible, they be economically and socially integrated into the host community. Therefore3 the NWDT's compensatory package would have to be expanded to include the landless and other provisions necessary to ensure.ethat living standards and conditions for all oustees would be equal to or better than those existing prior to displacement. Planning, financing and implementing of the resettlement would need to be an integral part of the project and measures taken in this regard must be assured. During negotiations, GOI, GOG, Government of Maharashtra (GOM), and Government of NP (GOMP) and the Narmada Control Authority (NCA) provided the Bank with acceptable program*, plans and scheduled actions for land acquisition and rehabilitation and resettlement of Sardar Sarovar reservoir oustees. The resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) program and plans consist of the following principal elements: jj

(a) an overall program of R&R of Sardar Sarovar Dam and Reservoir oustees with time-bound schedules for resettlement of all affected villages and costs thereof;

(b) detailed R&R plans for Stage I oustees where Stage I would include all oustees affected by reservoir submergence up to the contour elevation of 350 feet (106.7 meters) including identification of villages and oustees to be relocated, consideration of the oustee's preferences and specific locations of resettlement sites and alternative sites along with time-bound relocation schedules and related estimates;

Cc) a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system including semi-annual and annual resettlement reports which would be evaluated to provide an annually revised plan reflecting the previous year's progress and learn- ing experiences; and

(d) principles and objectives of RBR as contained in Schedule A, the institutional, monitoring and evaluation arrangements contained in Schedule X, and cost estimates which are summarized in table 14.

To give effect to R&R, GOI may be required to utilize land currently protected by the Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980 which places a prohibition upon the use of reserved forest lands in each of the affected states thereby restricting the reasonable resettlement of displaced oustees from the project.s submergence area. Reasonable encroachment of forest lands appears to be overwhelmingly justified, under environmentally controlled conditions, by oustees who have historically obtained their livelihood from the forest and its products along the perimeter of the project's reservoir and who would in the future be able to improve their livelihood through improved and/or expanded agro-forestry pursuits. Further, resettlement effects upon the reduction of forest vegetation

LJ Such R&R plans and estimates are provided in a report titled "Sardar Sarovar Project, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Programme, Supplementary Report" dated October 1984 (maintained in the project files). -27- would be minimal inasmuchas deforestationhas, except for isolatedpockets. already taken place within the reservoir,simmediate catchment.

Resettlementand RebabilitationAgreements

4.3b With regard to the resettlementand rehabilitationof Sardar Sarovar Reservoiroustees the followingagreements and conditionshave been reached:

(a) that GOI would: (i) take all actionsnecessary to release forest lands reservedby the Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980, within the boundariesof the states of Gujarat,NP and Haharashtraif requiredfor the purpcseof implementingthe Sardar SarovarDam and Power Project includingthe resettlementand rehabilitationprograms and plans;

(ii) with the assistanceof NCA, carry out the overallmonitoring and evaluationof the resettlementand rehabilitationof the Sardar Sarovardam and reservoiroustees within the boundariesof the participatingstates of Gujarat,MP and Maharashtra;and if (iii) on June 1 of eacb year, commencingon June 1, 1986, and thereafter until June 1, 1995, furnishto the Bank semi-annualand annual reports,of such scope and detail as the Bank may reasonably request,regarding the resettlementand rehabilitationof Sardar SarovarDam and.Reservoiroustees within the State boundariesof Gujarat,MP and Haharashtra.

(b) that GOG, GOMP and GOM would: i) provide to NCA, as needed and in accordancewith the cost-sharing provisionsof the NWDT decision,the funds, facilities,services and other resourcesrequired to enablePCA to assistGOI in carrying out the overallmonitoring and evaluationof the resettlementand rehabilitationof the Sardar SarovarDam and Reservoiroustees; and

(ii) adopt and thereafterimplement within their respectivestate bound- aries, a resettlementand rehabilitationplan for the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Reservoiroustees, satisfactory to the Bank, which would includethe principlesand objectivesgiven in ScheduleA and the institutionalarrangements provided for in ScheduleB.

Further, as a conditionof effectiveness,a legal opinionon behalfof GOG, GOMP and GOM would be provided to the Bank indicatingthat all the necessarygovern- mental actionshave been taken for adoptingand thereafterimplementing a plan satisfactory to the Bank for resettlement and rehabilitation of all persons who would be displaced(ouLtees) as a consequenceof the project,in accordancewith the decisionsof the the NWDT and with the principles,objectives and institu- tional,monitoring and evaluationrequirements referred to in SchedulesA and B.

iJ For participationof the ECA in the implementationof .he overallmonitoring and evaluationof the R&R program,GOI would em;loy and thereafterassign to NCA a socialscientist for such purposes(see paras 6.16 and 6.17). -28-

Environmental Effects

4.39 Characteristically the creation of a large man made lake results in significant environmental changes in the adjacent area. The reservoir would inundate about 37,UOO ha at FRL of which 1b% is forested, 33% is cultivable land, and nearly 50% is waste or of low utilization potential. Submergence would cause loss of forest and agricultural lands, cultural infrastructure and a limited loss of wildlife habitat. Effects on existing fisheries remain to be assessed. However, creation of a more positive ecocycle on the periphery of the reservoir may be expected in terms of improved soil moisture for nearby forests and other biomass and improved wildlife habitat. Opportunities would be created for improved local river transportation and freshwater fisheries. Below the dam, frequent low intensity flood damages would be controlled, but potential for changes in the regime of the Narmada streambed would be increased and the upward migration of existing fish species would be halted. Measures would be taken through development of implementation programs to ensure the preservation of land and enhancement of the environment.

4.40 The principal environmental activities would be as follows:

(a) Fish and fisheries. A work program including detailed schedules and budgets for determining the environmental effects and proposed actions to mitigate adverse effects of the dam on the important estuarine species (hilsa, prawn, and mullet) and the fishery potential that would be created by the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Reservoir. Proposed fish and fisheries studies and programs of the GOG, GOM and/or GOMP fisheries departments include:

Wi) effects of the Sardar Sarovar Dam construction and operation on the migration of fish, quality of water, suitability for spawning, and possible mitigating measures;

(ii) breeding experiments with hilsa species;

(iii) brackish water breeding measures needed to enhance propagation of giant shrimp and mullet;

(iv) effects of changes in water quality from reduced flows over time on fisheries and on future water uses below the dam;

(v) technical fishing enhancement opportunities needed to prepare future reservoir stocking and propagation needs including administrative and organizational requirements needed to assure interstate coordination regarding fisheries, control measures such as stocking, production and licensing;

(vi) special studies, e.g., potential for breeding large-headed I4aashur (Tortor) fish (one of the world's most important gamefish); and

(vii) other studies as the need develops.

(b) Forest and wildlife. A work program including detailed schedules and budget for assessing the forest areas and wildlife that would be effected by the reservoir and designing and implementing measures for -29-

its protectionand for determiningthe effectsof intensifiedbiotic pressureon the remainingforest areas.

(c) Public health. A work program includingdetailed schedulesand budgets for assessingthe risks and monitoringof the three principaldiseases (malaria,schistosomiasis, and filaria)that may be augmentedby crea- tion of the reservoirand designingand implementingmeasures to reduce their proliferation.Of these diseases,malaria occurs sporadically over the entire region,but at a generallylow level, schistosomiasis was thought to have potentialin a few isolatedstatic foci in India, but additionaldetailed analyses concerningits occurrencewould be required,and filariahas been reported close to the proposeddamsite, but of the three diseases,the latter is least likely to spread. Also, migrant constructionworkers may bring a variety of health related problems. Thus, the environmentalpublic healthprogram aspectsmust include a specificaction plan for dealingwith these principaldiseases that may be relatedto the proposedsite activitiesduring and after implementation.Agreements would be soughtwith GOG, GOMP and GOM that they would, within their state boundaries,take all necessarymeasures necessaryto minimizethe risk of malaria, filaria,schistosomiasis and other water-relateddiseases that may result from implementationof the project. 4.41 No basic organizationalchanges, either at state or centralgovernment levels,would be required,and all proposedstudies and implementationprograms can be undertakenwithin existingorganizational frameworks. Agreementhas been reachedwith GOG, GOIiP,and GOM that they would, in collaborationwith one anotherfurnish to the Bank for its approval,by December31, 1985, a work plan for the environmental effectsanticipated regarding implementation of the SSP which would includesuitable training programs for responsiblestaff of the three participatingStates, includingplans, schedules,syllabi and provisionof funds and studiesand implementationtherefor, covering fish and fisheries, forest and wildlife,and public health aspectsand, thereafter,the participat- ing states should implementthe approvedwork plan and trainingprograms.

Land and Rights

4.42 Agreementshave been reachedwith GOG, GOhP and GOM, that they would acquireall lands and rightsneeded for carryingout the project and furnishthe Bank promptlywith satisfactoryevidence that all necessaryland and rights would be availablein timelyfashion for purposesof implementingthe project.

4.43 In addition,agreement has been reachedwith GOG that it would carry out the project in conformitywith appropriateadministrative, financial, engineer- ing, agricultural,environmental, sociological practices, including those por- tions of the power transmissionline interties,hydrometeorological network and resettlementand rehabilitationcomponents including evaluation and monitoring activitiesthat lie within its state boundaries,and providethe requiredfunds, facilities,staffing, services, and other resources. -30-

V. COSTESTIMATES AND FINANCING

Proiect CQst Estimates

5.01 The estimated cost for the ten components of the dam and power-related project over a 110-month implementation period would total US41934 X, including physical and price contingencies. This amount includes a foreign exchange costs of about US4613 N or 32% of the total cost and about US$260 M or 13X for taxes and duties. The basic cost estimates were prepared by GOG engineers and their consultants, with assistance from the CWCand CEA of the GOI. Tbe estimates were revieved during appraisal. In addition, construction-type cost estimates of Sardar Sarovar Dam were prepared by SMEC during appraisal. Detailed cost estimates are given in tables 5 through 17 and are summarized below:

Proiect Cost Sumrmar

X Z Total Foreign Base Components Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchange Costs -- (Rs million) - ---- (US million)

1. Main dam 3,790.2 1,679.0 5,469.2 315.8 139.9 455.8 31 37 2. Rockfill dams & link chAnnels 92.2 17.2 109.4 7.7 1.4 9.1 16 1 3. Riverbed powerhouse al 2,726.3 2,426.2 5,152.4 227.2 202.2 429.4 47 35 4. Garudeshwar weir 352.4 149.4 b51.8 29.4 12.5 41.8 30 3 5. Canalhead powerhouse 884.3 175.9 1,060.2 73.7 14.7 88.3 17 7 6. Transmission 142.4 85.0 227.4 11.9 7.1 18.9 37 2 system 7. Vadgam saddle dam & by-pass tunnel 196.3 60.8 257.1 16.4 5.1 21.4 24 2 b. Hydrometeo- rological network 142.0 33.5 175.5 11.8 2.8 14.6 19 1 9. Training & techncal assistance 5.9 23.7 29.6 0.5 2.0 2.5 80 0 1O.Land acquisition & rehabilitation1,680.8 - 1.680.8 140.1 - 140.1 - 1 1 Total baseline costs 1i 10,012.74,650.6 14,663.4 834.4 387.6 1,221.9 32 100 Physicalcont. 947.0 398.5 1,345.5 78.9 33.2 112.1 30 9 Price cont. 4.885.1 2.307.9 7.192.9 407.1 192.3 599.4 32 Total project costs 15,844.8 7,357.0 23,201.8 1,320.4 613.1 1,933.5 32 158

a/ Includes Rs 3670 M (US$306 M) worth of power generating equipment of which an estimatedRs 1975 M (US$165M) would be subjectto foreignexchange (para 5.07). b/ In November1984 prices. -31-

5.02 Physicalcontingencies were estimatedseparately for eacb component and total approximatelyUS$112 H or 9% of the total baselinecost. Physical contingencyrates are given by item for each of the ten project componentson detailedcost tables5-17. Price contingenciesaccount for approximately31X of the total projectcost and are based on local rates of 8.5Z from 1984-85 through1990/91 and 6% in 1991/92and thereafter;and foreignrates of 9.751 in 1984-85,8.75% in 1985-86,71 in 1986-87,and 62 thereafter.

Onerationand Maintenance(O&N) Costs

5.03 The estimatedbuildup of recurrent0&M costs for the Saraar Sarovar Dam and power complexare presentedin table 18. Annual 06H costs of USS9.67M (Rs 116.0 M)are estimatedat a rate of 0.5% of investmentcosts followingcommissioning of all turbine-generatorsets in 1994 (see figure2).

Cost Sharin'

5.04 The cost of the projectwould be shared among the four beneficiary states as directedby the NWDT. The cost of constructingthe power com- ponentswould be shared in the followingproportions: 161 - Gujarat;571 - MP; and 27% - Maharashtra. The irrigationcomponent costs are to be shared at ratios of 18/19 by Gujaratand 1/19 by Rajasthan. 5.05 The allocationof costs betweenpower and irrigationfor nine of the ten componentsin the projectare: Allocationof costs ComDonent Power Irrijgtion

1. Main dam 56.1 43.9 2. Rockfilldames + link channels 50.0 50.0 3. RBPH 100.0 00.0 4. Garudeshwar Weir 100.0 00.0 5. CUPH 100.0 00.0 6. Transmissionsystem 100.0 00.0 7a. Vadgam SaddleDam 56.1 43.9 7b. Irrigationbypass tunnel 00.0 100.0 8. Training& Tech Assistance 56.1 43.9 9. Land Acquisition& Rehab. "6.1 43.9

The cost for the hydrometeorologicalnetwork would be shared equallyamong the four states.

5.06 The total cost of USM1,934M would be sharedapproximately as fol- lows: Gujarat- US$659 H or 34.1%;MP - US$843 H or 43.6X;Maharashtra - US$402 M or 20.8X;and Rajasthan- US$29 H or 1.5%. Details are shown in table 19.

FinancinR

5.07 The projectwould be assistedby an IBRD loan/IDAcredit and commer- cial co-financingwould be encouragedby requesting,as part of bidding (ICB) procedures,suppliers' credits to cover a portionof the foreignexchange cost of the power generating equipment in the RBPh. The financing plan for -32- the proposedproject costingUS41674 M, net of taxes and duties, is as fol- lows:

USS million

GOI and the states 1374.0 1J IBRD loan 200.0 IDA credit 100.0 Total 1674.0

The proposedIBRD loan/IDAcredit of US43U0 X would financeabout 49% of the project'sforeign exchange cost of US4613 M or about lb% of the total project cost, net of taxes and duties. The four stateswould financethe contribu- tion of USb1374M from their developmentbudgets. Also, the states'finan- cial positionswould be enhanced to the extent that supplierscredits are made availablefor the large electro-mechanicalequipment of the RBPH. !l The IDA credit would be made to GOI on standardterms. The IBRD loan would be for 20 years, includingfive years of grace, at the prevailinginterest rate.

5.Ub GOI would make the proceedsof the loan/crecitavailable to each state in proportionto its contributionto project costs as part of Central assistanceto state developmentprojects on terms and conditionsapplicable at the time. For Rajasthanand Maharashtra,financing their contributionsto the SSP should not pose difficultiesdue to their relativelylow financing shares as proportionsboth of total project costs,and of their overall investmentprograms in irrigationand power. For both Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh,however, Narmada Basin investmentwould absorb considerablefinanc- ing resourcesand could place strainson their irrigationand power budgets.

5.09 Prospectiveinvestment programs in irrigationand, for Madhya Pradesh in power, for the SeventhPlan period (l185/b6-1989I90)have been analyzedto ensure that Narmada investmentscan be accommodatedwithout undue displace- ment of investmentsin other sectors or criticaloperation and maintenance expendituresin each state. Total contributionsfrom Gujarat to the SSP and the upcomingNarmada Sagar Project in MP are expectedto absorbabout 65% of Gujarat's irrigationbudget over the SeventhPlan period. For Madhya Pradesh,wvhich will financethese investmentsfrom its irrigationand power budgets, the total comittments to ongoing projectsand planned outlays to SSP and the NarmadaSagar dam and reservoircomplex is expected to be about 80X of such budgets.

5.10 Since each state,under the SeventhPlan, has stated its intentionof accordingthe highest priorityto Narmada investmentsand have indicatedthat new investmentsoutside the harmada basin would be lim-.-edduring this period,Narmada investmentsare expectedto be supportableunder each state's Plan. Moreover, since 1larmadainvestments are interstateprojects of con- siderablenational importance, GOI has indicatedthat it would, if necessary,

ii Includingsuppliers credits of up to USi135 M or an estimated85Z of the foreign exchangecost (see the Project Cost Summary,para 5.01). -33- be prepared to adopt special measures to ensure that sufficient funds are available to COG and GOMP to ensure timely completion of the investments. Assurances have been obtained that GOI would provide all funds necessary promptly, as and when needed, to complete the project.

5.11 In view of the above, GOI would be the borrower and an agreement has been reached with GOI that it would make the proceeds of the IBRD loan and/or IDA credit available to GOG, GOU's&nd GOM in accordance with its standard arrangenents for development assistance to states and the cost sharing provi- sions of the NWDT decision 11, an aggregate amount equivalent to US*299.8 M. 2.

5.12 Agreements have been reached with GOI that i would:

(a) cause GOG, GO1P, and GOh to implement the project in accordance with their respective obligations including provision of the required funds, facilities, services and other resources; and

(b) cause GOR to perform its obligations regarding implementation of the project as provided for in the NWDT decision.

In addition, agreements have been reached with GOMP and GOM that they would assist the GOG in implementing the project including the provision of funds, facilities, services and other resources as needed and in accordance with the cost-sharing provisions of the NWDT decision.

5.13 Because of the close physical, social and economic inter-relationships and synchronized implementation schedule between this project and the "Water Delivery and Drainage Project."(SAR No. 5102-IN) and the dependency of the proposed IBRD loan and IDA credit, one upon the other, in achieving the purposes of both projects under the Narmada River Development - Gujarat, agreements have been reached with GOI that the effectiveness of:

(a) the IBRD loan and/or IDA credit for the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project would be dependent upon the concurrent effectiveness of the IDA credit for Water Delivery and Drainage Project; and

(b) the IDA credit for the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Jroject would be depen- dent upon the effectiveness of the IBRD loan agreement for the same project.

f The parts of the credit/loan allocated to partially cover the cost of the power component would be distributed at 57% for Mp, 16% for Gujarat, and 27% for Maharashtra.

2.1 The amount of USY299.8 M shown results from a reduction of the total IBRD loan and IDA credit by an amount of US420U,0U0 which is the estimated amount required by GOI for employing over a 10-year period, a senior social scientist for the purpose of assisting NCA in the overall monitor- ing and evaluation of the resettlement and rehabilitation program. -34-

Procurement

5.14 The work contracts under the project would cost approximately US$503 X, excluding price and physical contingencies. Five of the contracts would cost approximately US4498 h (or 99X of the total) and would be let through international competitive bidding (ICB). Four other work contracts, (approximately US*4 h in total) have been scheduled; however, because of their small size, they would not be of interest to foreign bidders and would be let through local competitive bidding (LCB). Procurement schedules, figures 5 and 6, give detailed projections on how ax.dwhen the nine scheduled works would be put to bid, started, and completed, and are summarized in the table below:

Procurement Method Total Project Element ICB LCB Other Cost -(USA M)-- 1. Works Main dam 425.00 425.00 Instruments, furnish & l.UO 1.00 install in dam Irrigation, by-pass tunnel 10.00 10.00 Pumps, furnish & install .06 .06 Elevators, fabricate & install .20 .20 Gates, other than crest 10.UD 10.UO Crest gates ' 12.00 12.00 Penstocks - 1.70 1.70 Riverbed powerhouse, tunnelling - 41.50 41.50 Hydrometeorological network 1.50 1.50 Sub-total 498.50 4.46 502.96

2. Goods Instruments, hydro- meteorological network 15.45 15.45 Steel for penstocks 3.90 3.90 Sub-total 19.35 19.35

3. Training & Technical Assistance 3.43 3.43

Total 517.85 4.46 3.43 525.74

Total in percent 98 1 1 100

w Fabricate and deliver to the site (see figure 5). Underground civil works.

5.15 Work contracts in excess of US*6 M would be let in accordance with Bank-approved ICB procedures. The five works that fall in this category are:

(a) construction of main dam, estimated cost US4425 h; -35-

(b) fabrication and delivery of all gates except radial crest gates, estimated cost US*10 M;

(c) fabrication and delivery of radial crest gates, estimated cost US412 K;

(d) construction of the irrigation by-pass tunnels, estimated cost USS1O M; and

(e) civil works for underground RBPR, estimated cost US%41.5 M.

The above five works would include prequalification of contractors. Indian contractors would be given a 7.5% preference in comparing bids awarded under ICB procedures.

5.16 The remaining works contracts to be disbursed against under the project are the minor contracts for implementing the hydrometeorological network which would include installation of the required equipment. These minor works would be scattered over the entire Narmada River basin. Individual contracts would not exceed US4100,000, and the total of all con- tracts would cost less than US41.5 M. These works would not be of interest to foreign firms and would be carried out under LCB procedures acceptable to the Bank. All works contracts in excess of USA1 1iwould be subject to full pre-action review by the Bank. All other works contracts would be subject to the Bank's post-action review.

5.17 Project procurement is well in hand. Procurement action has been initiated on two of the major contracts representing about 94% of the works contracts included in the project for which designs essentially have been completed. Prequalification has been completed on the main dam. Bids for the main dam were invited from prequalified firms in December 1984 and are scheduled to be opened in March 1985. Prequalification information was received from firms willing to bid on constructing the underground RBPH in December 1983. Bids for constructing the RBPIi are expected to be solicited in February 1985 and would be due in May 1985 (see also para 4.30).

5.18 One contract for the supply of steel would cost approximately US$3.9 M, excluding price contingencies. That contract would be to procure the special steel for the RBPiL penstocks and would be procured through ICB procedures. An estimated U5S15.5 M, excluding price contingencies, worth of instruments required for the hydrometeorological network would also be procured through ICB procedures. The normal 15% preference or applicable import duties, whichever is lower, would be allowea local suppliers in bid evaluations on all ICB. Goods packages under USMlO0,000 would be awarded through LCB procedures with the exception of the miscellaneous equipment including audio-visual and other special goods which would be provided under the training program. Local shopping, requiring a minimum of three quota- tions, would be utilized to procure the training equipment estimated to cost less than USA30,U0O in total. All goods procurements in excess of US$100,000 would be subject to full pre-action review by the Bank. All other procure- ments would be subject to the Bank's post-action review.

Disbursements

5.19 Disbursements would be made only against the expenses that are incurred on the main dam, the hydrometeorological network, the civil works -36- contracts for tunnelling and concreting in the RBPH, irrigation by-pass tunnel, and training and technical assistance. The main dam component would cost approximately US4739 M, the hydrometeorological network component approximately USb21 M, and the civil works in the RBPH approximately USS117 N, the irrigation by-pass tunnel US417 M and training and technical assistance US$3.4 M, for a total of US*897 H. About US547 M would be for engineering and administration, and US437 N for taxes and duties, leaving about US4813 H eligible for disbursements. Disbursements for the hydromet component would be made for lUO% of foreign expenditures for directly imported goods; 100% of the ex-factory price or 70% of expenditures for equipment procured locally and 70% of expenditures for civil works; and luOZ of training expenditures and technical assistance. Civil works for all other components would be disbursed at 45% in FY 1985-90 and at 15% from FY 1990 thrcugh EY 1995. No disbursements will be made for works constructed by government forces. Disbursements for payments of less than Rs 300,000 (US$27,300) for works, or Rs 150,000 (US$13,600) for goods, and for the training would be made against certificates of expenditures. Documentation for these expenditures would be retained by GOG and made available for inspection by the Bank. Full documentation would be required for all other disbursements. The estimated schedule of expenditures is given in table 17 by project component. It is expected that disbursements would be completed by June 1994, however, in order to match disbursements with the project's financial requirements, disbursements would be accelerated during the first five years with the goal of disbursing up to BO% of the funds by the end of FY 1990. The estimated schedule of disbursements is given in table 20. No disbursement profiles were applicable for projects of this duration in which 80% of the funds would be disbursed in the first five years. The proposed allocation of proceeds of the loan/credit is presented in table 21. Certifi- cates of expenditures would be audited annually, and the audited statements would be submitted to the Bank once a year along with the audited accounts.

Project Accounts and Audits

5.20 Agreements have been reached with GOG, GUMP and GON that they would, with respect to those parts of the project which are to be carried out by each state, maintain separate records and accounts for project expenditures; ensure that such project accounts are audited annually and that copies of such accounts, certified as to their accuracy by an independent auditor acceptable to the Bank, are submitted to the Bank not later than nine months after the end of each fiscal year; have final audits prepared for project accounts for each fiscal year by an auditor acceptable to the Bank and for- ward such audit reports to the Bank immediately after their finalization; and make complete accounts and financial statements available for inspection during Bank review missions. -37-

VI. QRGANIZATIOh AI4DMANAGEMENT /

General

6.01 The Narmada Development Department (NDD) of GOG has primary respon- sibility for planning, design, implementation, and operation and maintenance of the SSP. However, because of the interstate nature of the project, a number of coordinating institutions have been established in accordance with the rulings of the NWDT. Also, several GOI organizations have played an active role in assisting project planning and design, usually on a consultancy basis. The Central Water Commission is responsible for reviewing GOG designs for compliance with Indian standards and CEA exercises approval authority over planning and engineering aspects of hydroelectric projects. The organization and management aspects discussed below relate principally to the dam and hydropower components of SSi'.

6.02 Power Sector Institutions. Under the Indian Constitution, the respon- sibility for supplying power is shared between the central government and the state governments, and full agreement between the center and the states is required for the implementation of most actions. Various agencies have been established with a view to promoting integrated power development in the country. The principal agencies in the sector are: the State Electricity Boards (SEBs), the Regional Electricity Boards (REBs), the CEA, the two central power corporations--the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) and the National Hydro-Electric Power Corporation (NHEPC)-and the Rural Electrification Corporation (REC).

Interstate Agencies

6.03 Narmada Control Authority (NCA). This authority was established to ensure compliance with the decisions of the IiWDT. It consists of seven high ranking engineers as members and a supporting staff. The four party states each appoint one member, and GOI appoints, in consultation with the states, the remaining three, one of whom serves as chairman. The INCAwould participate with GOG, GOIP and GOh in the implementation and, thereafter, play a ke> role in the operation of the hydrometeorological network for flood warning and day-to-day operation of the Sardar Sarovar Dam ana Reservoir and, through GOT, in the monitoring and evaluating the resettlement and rehabilitation of reservoir oustees. It would also play a key part in coordinating seasonal and monthly (10-day) water allocations between SSP and other major irrigation and power projects in the basin. The NCA is modeled after the Bakhra l'anagementBoard, which has been successful in guiding the irrigation and pcwer operations of the Indus Basin in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, ana Rajasthan.

6.04 Sardar Sarovar Construction Advisory Committee (CAC). This committee was formed by the NWDT to review and make recommendations concerning the plan- ning, design, and construction of the dam and power complex. It is chaired by

Portions of this chapter are identical to comparable paragraphs of SAR, No. 5108-IN, chapter VII. -38-

the Secretary of Irrigation, GOI, and has, among others, the Chairmen of CWC and CEA and senior representatives of the states as members. It is actively involved in reviewing and making recommendations concerning designs, cost estimates, contracts and implementation progress.

6.05 Narmada Review Committee (NRC). This committee was formed by NWDT and is chaired by the Union Minister of Irrigation and includes the concerned Chief Ministers of each state as members. It has the right to review and suspend any decisions by the NCA.

6.06 An agreement has been reached with GOI, GOG, GOMP and GOM that they would maintain the NCA, CAC and *RC each with the functions, responsibilities, staffing funds and membership as may be required to carry out their respective duties.

Guiarat State Agencies

6.07 Irri2ation. The GOG irrigation organization has recently been sub- divided into two majoI anits to meet the special requirements of implementing the SSP. There is now:

(a) a harmada Development Department (NDD) headed by an Additional Chief Secretary which is responsible for implementation of the entire SSP; and

(b) an Irrigation Department (ID) headed by a Secretary with responsibility for all irrigation development and the O&M of all public irrigation systems outside the SSF.

Each of the two departments would maintain similar staff positions and respon- sibilities and would require a similar pool of technical and professional talent.

6.08 Narmada Development DeDartment. The NDD would be the main implementing body for the SSP. In order to meet the challenge of this large and technically complex project, the NDD would have to be strengthened and provided with the necessary authorities. It would have to improve the management skills of its senior staff and to make greater use of private sector consultancies. Organiza- tional pyramids of staff are provided under chief engineers who presently report directly to the Additional Chief Secretary. In the SSP four chief engineers have been assigned planning, design, and construction responsibilities covering the following elements of the project: main dam complex except hydropower components; hydropower components; main canal; and, branch canals, distribution and drainage networks Another chief engineer level position with functional responsibility for quality control is anticipated. Existing staff strength in the NDDacd in the ID are shown in the following table: -39-

Existint Strenath of Irri2ation Engineerin2 Staff

EnzineerinxPosition NDD ID NDD + ID (no.) (no.) (no.)

Chief 3 a/ 7 10 Superintendingand officerson special duty 18 39 57 Executive 73 b/ 219 292 Deputy Executive 307 1109 1416 Assistant and additional assistants 969 4772 5741 Total 1370 6146 7516 aJ As of August 1983 - thereafter one additional chief engineer, hydropower, was appointed under NDD. )J The NDD has a total of 42 divisions each headed by an executive engineer under each of which there are usually five subdivisions now totalling 210.

6.09 It is anticipatedthat significantchanges in organizationalunits and staffingof the NDD would be made over the entire SSP implementationperiod consistentwith the buildupof activitiesunder the respectivechief engineers, includingthe formationand expansionof new units such as those requiredfor centralizedprocurement, information management systems, resettlement and rehabilitationimplementation and its evaluationand monitoring,layout and design of commandarea developmentblocks and operationand maintenance. GOG's estimateof technical/engineeringstaff anticipatesa need for SSP implementa- tion of a peak requirementof about 230 senior level and 6400 junior level engineersin about 1989. It is believedthat externalrecruitment needs can be filled, for the most part, from anticipatedgraduates of state engineering institutions and supplemented, if necessary, through external recruitment. Implementation would be supported by appointment of command area development personnel, including senior and junior level agricultural officers for which it is estimated that about 1,80U would be required in the late 1990s. Comprehen- sive training will be required in connection with NDD recruitment and technical needs to be fulfilled partially by training provisions outlined in paras 6.14-6.15 and training of Gujarat's engineers provided through experience gained in the design and implementation of the Gujarat Medium Irrigation II Project (Cr. 1496-IN).

6.10 NarmadaRigh Power Committee(NHPC). This committeeis responsiblefor coordinationand timely interactionbetween various GOG departments. Its most importantrole, so far, has been to provide guidanceon policy issues relatedto the development. The IHBPCis chairedby the Chief Minister and includesthe Ministersof Finance,Irrigation, Power, and Agricultureamong its members.

6.11 NarmadaPlanning Group (NPG). The group (para 2.03) reportsdirectly to the NHPC and is responsiblefor the major planningstudies and for continuous coordinationof the activitiesof the implementingagencies. It is chairedby the IrrigationMinister. The NPG has extensivelyand successfullyused local consultingfirms for planningstudies. The group continuesto follow a work plan of studiesand investigationsthat have been discussedwith the Bank. A priority listingof work plan items as they relate to the dam and power project is presentedin table 22. -40-

6.12 An agreement has been reached with GOG that it would maintain the fol- lowing agencies with the powers, functions, responsibilities,membership, staff- ing, organization and funds required to enable them to adequately undertake their responsibilities:

(a) the I1 HPC for the coordination and timely interaction among the various departments and agencies of the GOG responsible for carrying out the project; and

(b) the 1PG for carrying out planning studies of the Narmada River Develop- ment program including those required to develop a plan for the opera- tion and maintenance of the hydroeletctricpower and water delivery and drainage facilities under the SSP.

6.13 Other Guiarat A2encies. Because of the magnitude of the project and its statewide importance, a number of other GOG departmental agencies have been, and would continue to be, involved in planning and implementing the project. These include departments of Finance, Agriculture, Forestry, Public Works, Transportation, and Communications, the Water Supply and Sewerage Board, and the State Electricity Board.

Training

6.14 It would be required that GOG, GOMP, GOM, and GOI (in support of inter- state programs as needed) establish training programs, subject to Bank approval, for the following dam and power project activities: (a) environmental studies and mitigative measures; (b) project operation and maintenance; and (c) rehabilitation and resettlement. The above training initiatives would be sup- ported by an allocation of USS700,bUO within the proposed IDA credit and IERD loan over the 10-year period until closing in accordance with estimated dis- tribution of costs given in table 13. The project training allocation would finance costs of expatriate fees, travel and instruction in India, travel and expenses of project technical and administrative staff abroad, acquisition of up-to-date training equipment such as audiovisual or other special equipment required to accomplish specific training tasks; and, to initiate O&M training with respect to the dam, reservoir, and power components. The training program, when aproved would include, but not be limited to, principal elements as described below:

(a) Environment. Training in environmental science j/ would be required under the following headings:

(i) Refresher courses for experienced specialists responsible for project implementation;

(ii) Special environmental and related social impact training for younger starf; and

jj Environmental training for the dam and power project would be coordinated with similar training funded under the Water Delivery and Drainage Project (SAR, No. 5108-IN). -41-

(iii) Seminars to share intra and interstate and international experiences about environmental and related social effects of large reservoir and irrigation projects.

(b) Operations & Maintenance training. O&H training, instruction, and courses would be required (principally of GOG staff and, to the extent needed, of GOI, GOMP, and GOM staff) preparatory to operation and main- tenance of dam and power complex facilities and the proposed hydrometeorological (flood warning) system. Training would be coor- dinated with the plans, schedules, and budgets to be developed by the NPG including the proposed O&M training facility for the Water Delivery and Drainage Project (SAR, No. 5108-IN, para 7.14). All training under this component would be completed pricr to and in accordance with implementation of the dam and power complex construction (figures 2 and 4). The principal purposes would be:

(i) staff orientation and training for initial O&M assignments includ- ing start-up;

(ii) instruction in operations of all facilities, techniques of mainten- ance, administrative and fiscal matters, and personnel management;

(iii) power marketing and dispatching; and

(iv) operation and maintenance of large rotating electromechanical equipment, related accessory equipment, transmission facilities, and of the dam, including large radial gates, high pressure gates and valves of outlet facilities, control equipment, and other mechanical equipment.

(c) Rehabilitation and Resettlement Training. The re;.abilitationand reset- tlement institutions responsible for monitoring and evaluation described in Schedule B for each of the respective states would, by allowing for its use by the responsible state agencies, by the end of March 1985, develop suitable training programs designed to better familiarize project staff with the compulsory relocation problems of oustee com- munities and the related implications upon the implementation of the resettlement and rehabilitation plan.

6.15 Agre"nent has been reached with GOG, GOMP and GOM that they would, in collaboration one with another, furnish to the Bank for its approval:

(a) by December 31, 1985, a suitable training program of resettlement and rehabilitation of the oustees for the responsible staff of GOG, GOMP and GOM including plans, schedules, syllabi and provision of funds; and

(b) by June 30, I9b9, a suitable training program of operation and main- tenance of the facilities under the SSP including plans, schedules, syllabi and provision of funds; and

Thereafter, the participating states should implement the above training programs as approved. Provision of training in the environmental sciences is taken in to account in the agreement with GOG, GOMP and GOM to prepare and furnish an environmental work plan to the Bank for approval by December 31, 1985 (see para 4.41). -42-

TechnicalAssistance

6,16 Due to the unusualmagnitude, complexity and high level of technical standardsrequired for the project, it is essentialthat the project staff be able to utilize foreignand local technicalexperts and consultantsduring implementation.Technical assistance would be providedfor the: (a) overall projectdesign, constructionand quality control including computerbased data and managementand informationsystems;

(b) design and constructionof the undergroundRBPB includingcontrolled blastingand installationof rock support systems;

(c) operationand maintenanceof dams, spillvaysand related equipment, hydroelectricpower plants and power supply systems;

(d) carryingout of the establishment,operation and maintenauceof the Narmada Basin's hydrometeorologicalnetwork includingthe requiredcivil works;

(e) monitoringand evaluationof the resettlementand rehabilitationof the reservoiroustees; and

(f) establishingand maintainingthe Dam Safety Panel.

The technicalassistance requirements for (a) through (f) above would be sup- ported by an allocationof US$2,700,000within the proposedIDA creditand IBRD loan over the 10-yearimplementation period in accordancewith estimateddis- tributionof costs given in table 1B. The technicalassistance allocation would finance the DSP meetingsand the hiring of individualexperts including the cost of foreignand local expert fees, travel and related expensesoutside and/or within India in the accomplishmentof their assignedduties. Local consultants would be used vhen and as available.

6.17 It is estimatedthat the requiredlevel of technicalassistance would includeabout 312 man months of assistancecosting, with inflationover the implementationperiod, an average of US$8,600per man month. It would be essen- tial to establishand maintain the DSP for review-ngthe projectfeatures and making related technicalrecommendations and to constitutea list of consultauts whose talents could be tapped by NDD, on an as needed basis, to examineand make recommendationsto NDD concerningtechnical solutions to issues that might arise. Such requirements,and the agreementsreached in this regard,are fur- ther describedin para 4.22. Further, agreementshave been reachedwith GOG that it would employconsultants and/or expertswhose qualifications,experience and terms and conditionsof employmentshall be satisfactoryto the Bank, to be selectedin accordancewith the Bank's August 1981 guidelinesfor the use of consultants 1/ f.-r carrying out:

1J "Guidelines for the Use of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers and by the World Bank as Executing Agency, August 1981." -43-

(a) within its state boundaries, the overall project design, construction and quality control including computer based data management and infor- mation systems, the design and construction of underground works includ- ing controlled blasting and installation of rock support systems, and the operation and maintenance of the dams, spillways and related equip- ment and hydropower plants and power supply systems; and

(b) in coordination with GOiP and GUM, the establishment, operation and maintenance of a hydrometeorological network for flood warning and the day-to-day operation of the SSP.

Agreement also has been reached with GOM and GOMP thbt they would employ, in coordination one with another and with GOG, for implementation of the hydrometeorological network within their respective state boundaries, consult- ants and/or experts whose qualifications, experience and terms and conditions vould be satisfactory to the Bank and would be selected in accordance with principles and procedures of the Bank's August 1981 guidelines for the use of consultants. j/ Also, it has been agreed with GOI that it would by September 30, 1985, employ or cause to be employed and thereafter assign to NCA a social scientist with qualifications, experience and terms and conditions of employment satisfactory to the Bank and in accordance with its August 1981 guidelines for the use of consultants. jj This would allow NCA to carry out the overall monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement and rehabilitation plan thereby providing a coordinated plan each year that would be adjusted for and responsive to the previous year's experiences and to assist the GOI in its obligations to furnish the Bank semi-annual and annual reports regarding the settlement and rehabilitation of the Sardar Sarovar Reservoir oustees. A senior social scien- tist working full time over a projected ten-year period or, a total of 120 man-months at an estimated rate (including inflatiou) of Rs 1b,300 (US41,b70) per man month is the basis for the allocation of USS200,000 which has been made under the proposed IDA credit for this purpose within the total allocation for technical assistance for the project of USS2,700,000.

Centralized Procurement Unit (CPU)

6.18 To perform the procurement tasks necessary for implementation, the NDD has taken steps to centralize the procurement responsibilities in one organiza- tional unit that would be responsible for the procurement of all goods, works, and services for the entire scheme and would report directly to the Additional Chief Secretary of NDD. The National Thermal Power Corporation's procurement organization has been selected as a model. 'theorganization would maintain the financial, commercial, legal, and engineering talents needed to manage procure- ment activities and would, in coordination with the engineering units of the project, determine the source, arrive at a price, and prepare the contracts for all works, goods, and services. Therefore, agreement has been reached with GOG that it would maintain within the NDD a CPU, headed by a qualified and experienced officer, with such powers, functions, responsibilities, staffing, organization and funds as would be required to undertake the procurement of all goods and services required for the implementation of the SSP.

iJ 'Guidelines for the Use cf Consultants by World Bank Borrowers and by the World Bank as Executing Agency, August 1981.:' -44-

Evaluation and Monitorinf

6.19 In order to adequately provide monitoring control and evaluation capabilities to manage the SSP, the NDD has taken steps to establish a Manage- ment Information Systems Cell (MISC) with adequate computer facilities. The MISC would produce data to control, plan, monitor, and forecast financial, material, and staff requirements for implementation. The MISC would be respon- sible for preparation of progress reports. It would subsequently monitor agricultural progress following initiation of project 06M. There is no Indian model to use as a guide in establishing the MISC. GOG is therefore using con- sultants to define the organization and to specify equipment and staff. Tata Consultancy Services, Bombay has been commissioned to design and implement the MISC and work began in October 1983. An agreement has been reached with GOG that it would establish, not later than December 31, 1lb5, and thereafter main- tain within the NDD, a MISC to be headed by a qualified and experienced officer and provide it with such powers, functions, responsibilities, staffing, organization and funds as would be required for monitoring, control and evalua- tion of the various activities under the SSY.

Reportium

6.20 Agreement has been reached with GOG, GOMP and GOM that they would fur- nish to the Bank semi-annual and annual progress reports within three months after the end of each reporting period, of such scope and detail as may reasonably be requested by the Bank regarding implementation of the parts of the project for which each state is responsible within its respective boundaries (including power transmission intertie lines, hydrometeorologicalnetwork, resettlement and rehabilitation program and overall project monitoring and evaluation). Progress reports would among other aspects: compare planned and actual accomplishment in physical and financial terms; describe deviations from plans and explanations therefore; and provide implementation schedules and updates as required. Agreements also have been reached that GOG, GOMPand GOM would furnish to the Bank within six months after project completion, a report of such scope and detail as may reasonably be requested by the Bank regRrding project components for which each state is responsible within its respective boundaries regarding execution and initial operations, and costs, expenditures and benefits to be derived.

Project Operation and Maintenance

6.21 The NDD would become the operation and maintenance (OM) organization responsible for operation and maintenance of the SSY. lhus, it would be neces- sary for the kDD to shift its emphasis from construction to operation and main- tenance in step with the completion of the project works. The mechanism for this change overtime and the operation and maintenance organization to follow would need to be defined, agreed and put into service in a timely manner. The SSP's conveyance, distribution and drainage systems design principles and con- cepts, multipurpose water allocation criteria, services to farmers, operation concepts, the OEM organization formulation including scope and responsibilities, and O&KMfacilities requirements are discussed in detail in SAR 50b-IN, Water Delivery and Drainage Project. The overall structure of SSP's 0&M organization is proposed in figure 7. The full organization with requisite responsibilities and staff is not yet fixed inasmuch as it is likely that its administrative and organizational requirements would change over time prior to the establishment of a permanent OLM organization. The magnitude of the undertakings and -45- capabilitiesrequired of the sinal 0&H organizationwould need to be as thorough in scope and detailsas the organizationand staff arrangementsrequired to carry out the project'splanning, design and implementationstages.

6.22 The kDD has assignedresponsibility for O0M planningto the hPG. Thereby,initially, the NPG would analyzeand prepareplans and define require- ments of the 061 facilityfor the proposeddam and power complex. It would then reviewand define requirementsfor the detailedorganization, facilities, equip- ment, and staffingneeds for operatingat the initialand full development stages of the SSP and to recommendpermanent operation and maintenancearrange- ments in accordance with the agreementsof para 6.25. It would preparedetailed manuals to guide the operationof specificstructures, facilities and Oh equip- ment and would define functionaland staff responsibilities,including the proposedintegration and interfacingof the power and of the irrigationand M&I water supply units of the NDD. Staff initiallyassigned to the O& planning unit within NPG would ideallyform the nucleusof ,-heSSP's Ohh organizationat full development. A detailed0&61 plan for the SCs would includethe identifica- tion of an agency or unit for the operationand maintenanceof SSP's power facilitiesand specificationof arrangementsrequired in the sharingof power between the governmentsof Gujarat,he and Naharashtra. The plan would also identifyadministrative, organizational and staff responsibilitiesfor O&Mof the Water Deliveryand DrainageProject for the carryingout of SSl's multipur- pose water supply functions(SAR 5018-IN). 6.23 A likely O&M organizationalstructure and the divisionof its respon- sibilitiesis discussedherein pendingGOG's submittalto the Bank, for its approvalby December31, 1587, a detailedplan of 064 for the SSP, inc.uding designatingan agency for the operationand maintenanceof the project'spower componentas providedunder para 6.25. Gujaratwould be responsiblefor the operationand maintenanceof the Sardar Sarovardam and power complexon behalf of the three party states. It also would have the responsibilityof the opera- tion and maintenanceof the water deliveryand drainagetacilities. Together those facilitiescomprise the SSP. The State would decide how and under what scheduleto best utilize its share of the Narmada'syield in accordancewith the NWDT decisionand with guidanceof the NCA concerningwater allocationsand flood emergencies. Gujarat'soperating schedule would impact directlyon reser- voir and power operations,particularly at the CHPH, whereinmaximum use would be made of water supplydeliveries to Gujaratand Rajasthanin the production of bydropower. Hovever,NWDT requiredthat the responsibilityfor O0K of the power facilitieswould rest with the GOG or its designatedagency. The final decisionon whether or not the O&M of the power componentwould be undertakenby NDD or throughanother appropriate agency has not been made, however,such choicewould not alter the internalstructure or functioningof NVD. The central unit of the hDD, the designatedProject Office, would have direct responsibility,on behalfof the States,for BSS's OM. It would be in direct contactwith the hCA on a periodicbasis and would representthe State and receiveguidance on operatingthe SSP's diversionand storagefacilities. As such, NCA has the responsibilityfor basin-widewater inventories,runoff projectionsand allocationof the river'syield and operationof the hydrometeorologicalnetwork. NC& would, therefore,provide coordinationand guidance to HP and Gujarat in the operationof its upstreamprojects during the monsoon runoff and in times of emergencyand provide coordinationand advice concerninginterstate flows during the remainderof the year. The Project Officewould be responsiblefor developingthe water and power operating schedulesof the Sardar Sarovar reservoir,power plants and main canal and -46- oversee their execution. Four administrativeregions with divisionsand other subunitswould be responsiblefor the O&M for irrigationand domestic,municipal and industrialwater supplyfacilities and are describedunder SAR lO8-IN,the Water Deliveryand DrainageProject report.

6.24 The power divisionof the NDD or its designatedagency reporting directlyto the ProjectOffice, would be responsiblefor O&M of the RBPH and CHU1, and the joint switchyard,transformers, accessory mechanical-electrical equipmentand transmissionfacilities within Gujarat. The power divisionwould maintaina system of independentaccounting and receivedirect supervisionof its activitiesfrom the ProjectOffice. Thus, the actual agency chosen for performingthe power operations,whether establishedwithin the NDD or chosen from elsewhere,would need to adhere to establishedand agreed operatingrules, conditionsand agreed reportingarrangements of the NDD/GOG. A Dams and Reser- voir Unit would be establishedfor O&M of the Sardar SarovarDam and Reservoir, GarudeshwarWeir, Vadgam Saddle Dam, the irrigationby-pass tunnels.andthe four smallerdams and reservoirsat the head of the main canal. This unit would be a part of the Main Canal and Dams Division that would reportdirectly to the Project Office in parallelwith the Power Division. As structured,the primary water operationsat the reservoirwould be carriedout by the hain Canal and Dams Divisionand the power operationat the reservoirwould be carriedout by the Power Division,under direct supervisionand detailedoperating schedules of the Project Office.

6.25 In view of the need to establishand maintain the organizational entitiesand arrangementsdiscussed in paras b.21 through6.24, agreementhas been reachedwith GOG that it would, by December31, 1987, prepareand furnish to the Bank, for its approval,an operationRnd maintenanceplan, includingthe provisionof funds, staff and other resources,for the dams, powerhouses,canals and relatedstructures and equipmentunder the project,and thereafter,adopt and implementthe approvedplan. Agreementshave been reacheawith GUG that it would maintain the the NZD, headed by a qualifiedand experiencedofficer, with the powers, functions,responsibilities, organization, staffing and funds as needed to enable it to carry out its responsibilitiesfor the overall implemen- tation of the SSI including:

(a) the operationand maintenanceot the irrigationand municipal, industrialand domesticwater deliveryand drainagefacilities; (b) the operationand maintenanceof Saraar Sarovardam and spillway, Garudeshwarweir, Vadgam Saddledam, the irrigationby-pass tunnelsand the systemof dams and reservoirsand interlinkingchannels and related facilitieslocated between the CEPh and the Narmadamain canal head-regulator;

(c) the supply and distributionof irrigationand municipal,industrial and domesticwater resultingfrom the SSP; and (d) throughan appropriateagency, to be establishedby December31, 1988. operateand maintain the hydroelectricpower componentof the SSP, and, in accordancewith the NWDT decision,supply hydroelectric power to GOG, GOhP and GOM resultingfrom the implementationof such component.

In addition,agreement as been reachedwith GOG, GOMP and GOM that they would requirethe project'sfacilities, to be efficientlymaintained and the vehicles -47- and equipment to be efficiently operated and maintained and all necessary repairs and renewals made, in accordance with sound engineering and financial practices.

Ownership and Financial Arrangements Relating to the Power Facilities

6.26 According to the NWDT decision, the net power and energy generated at the RBPE and CUPH would be shared as follows: 57% to MP, 27% to haharashtra, and 16Z to Gujarat. The entitlement of power and energy for any one day can be utilized fully or partly by the states, or sold to one another by mutual agree- ment. The power assets to be created under the project would be owned by the participating states in those proportions. Capital and annual O&K costs of the power facilities to be constructed under the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project, would be shared in the same ratio as the above power benefits.

6.27 Under the project, and in accordance with the NWDT, transmission lines are to be constructed by GOG to the borders of -JPand Maharashtra. Tbereafter, by December 31, 1991, these state governments will, each within its territory, construct necessary facilities to connect these lines to the Western Region power grid.

6.28 GOG, through an agency to be designated by it, is to operate and main- tain all power facilities (generation and transmission) within Gujarat, while each participating state would operate and maintain their respective transmis- sion facilities. While the ownership of the power facilities to De constructed under the project would be vested with each participating state, it has not yet been decided who would purchase the power produced under the project on behalf of each state for re-sale to consumers. The purchasing agencies could be the respective SEBs or other operating electric utility organizations. Such agen- cies could be independent authorities, corporations or other electric supply utilities. The precise form of these organizations would be firmed up at the time that the project O&Morganization is to be established (paras 6.21 and 6.25).

6.29 In order to ensure that the power to be produced under the project would be priced economically, agreement has also been reached with the three par- ticipating States that they would, by a date not later than six months before the commissioning of tne first turbine-generator unit under either the RBPH or the CEPH, enter into contracts, satisfactory to the Bank, with appropriate electric utility organizations for the bulk supply and sale of electricity generated under the project including bulk supply contracts with each state containing provisions for pricing power at levels which would recover all investment costs and full O&M costs and would produce a satisfactory internal rate of return to project investments over the life of the assets. The internal rate of return would reflect an acceptable real rate of return to capital and, in addition, an estimate of expected future inflation. In this manner, real recovery of assets by the participating states would be assured. The precise levels of tariffs to be charged under the bulk supply contrpzts would be nego- tiated six months before commissioning of the power facilities and would be subject to review every three years tbereafter. -48-

VII. BENEFITS. RISK. AND JUSTIFICATIONJ/

General 7.01 The project to be financedunder the proposedcredit would be an integral part of the larger SSP in Gujarat. The SSP serves three functions: irrigation, M&I water supply, and power generation. The assessment of benefits, costs, and risk covers the SSP in its entirety, ZJ since all func- tions are interdependentthrough the common resource,the NarmadaRiver, and tbrough their joint relianceon the Sardar SarovarReservoir. AgriculturalBenefits

7.02 Beneficiaries. The rural population of the SSP command area is estimatedat about 4.5 M (in 1981). Projectionsof populationgrowth suggest a rural populationof 8.3 M in the year 2021, and an urban population growing from some 3.9 M (includingAbmedabad city) to 9.9 X in the same period. About 78% of the rural working population are engaged in agricultural activities,to about equal parts as either cultivators (U.bO M) or agricul- tural laborers(0.59 M). The number of householdsis estimatedat about 340,000, of which some 45% are cultivatorhouseholds and 36% are agricultural laborer households. Some 96% of the holdingsare fully owned by the cul- tivators. Populationgrowth will necessarilyincrease the number of householdsand of holdings,thereby diminishing the average farm size. The proportionof landless laborersin the rural populationwill increasecon- siderably. Average annual per capita expenditurefor rural householdswas estimatedin a sample survey in 1982 as Rs 1,280 a year S/. Cultivator householdsspent on average Rs 1,450 per capita a year; whereas, agricultural laborerhouseholds spent only Rs 985. The officialrural poverty line in 1982 was Rs 1,030 per capita. Some 28% of the cultivatorhouseholds in the survey fell below this line in terms of expenditures,as against 64% of the agriculturallaborer households.

7.03 IncrementalProduction. The provisionof surfacewater from the Narmada River and the recyclingof inducedgroundwater recharge within the project area are expectedto raise the croppingintensity from 105X at present to around 135-140%in the future.4/ Most incrementalbenefits would

;J This chapter is in large parts identicalto chapter IX in SAR No. 5108-IN.

ZJ This includesdam and reservoir,all power facilities,all irrigation works, commaadarea development,public and private groundwater develop- ment, and tentative projections for iajasthan-s cost and benefits from Narmada water. The flood warning system is excluded.

J At the then prevailing exchange rate of Rs 9.28/US$1.

If two-seasonal crops were counted twice and perennials three times, the cropping intensity with project would be about 175%, and about 140% at present. -49- derive from replacement of rainfed by irrigated crops, accompanied by a corresponding intensification of cultivation. Yield increases over present average levels for irrigated crops would rank in second place as source of incremental benefits. Based on past experience, the cropping intensity would not rise appreciably in the absence of SSP, although some rainfed crops may be replaced by irrigated crops through limited further development of private groundwater. The value of agricultural output (measured in financial prices of 1984) would increase under the SSP by some 370X over a period of 20-25 years; whereas without the project the increase would be less than 30%. Agricultural production in Gujarat State as a wbole would be about 40X higher than it would be without SSP. Virtually all of the incremental cash crop production and the major part of foodcrops can be expected to reach the markets.

7.04 Incremental production of foodgrains in the project area is estimated at about 2.5 M tons (+ 3004.)annually at full development, consisting mainly of wheat, but also of paddy, sorghum, pearl millet, and pulses. lhe project would generate an increase in cash crop production valued at about Rs 8,600 H (+ 260%) a year, mainly through crops such as cotton, oilseeds (groundnut, mustard, and castor), tobacco, vegetables and fruits. With respect to cot- ton, a shift towards higher value medium and long stapLe varieties for which suitable hybrids have been developed, can be expected from introduction of irrigation. Fodder crops would more than double to cater to the increasing demand for draught animal power. Production with and without project for major crops, by volume and by value, is simmarized in table 23.

7.05 Emplovment and Income. More intensive cultivation of the project agricultural area is estimated to provide, by the time of full development, the equivalent of some 0.7 X man-years of full on-farm employment. Most of the incremental employment would benefit landless laborers. Given the population growth in the project area of some 80% over 40 years, the project may not fully absorb the additional workforce in agricultural activities, although secondary employment effects may well help to accommodate the balance in other sectors of the economy. Apart from permanent employment generation in agriculture, the project would provide, on average, some 125,000 seasonal jobs annually during the construction period of the project, extending over some 22 years. Incremental incomes to farmers would vary widely among agro-climatic regions and farm sizes. Estimates of incremental incomes for typical farm sizes in different regions have been made to indi- cate orders of magnitude (see table 24). Income from crop production for an average farm would ri&e on average by some 250% when compared to estimates for the future without project. The sum of all regional incremental incomes from farming (net value added) in the SSP would amount to some Rs 10,400 M per year after 20 years (see table 25), whereas without project it would amount only to some Rs 3,100 M. It is estimated that presently some 40% of the rural population in the project area live on incomes below the poverty line. This percentage is expected to diminish under the SSP, even with the anticipated growth of rural population, although it is difficult to predict to what extent, given the demographic changes and intricate shifts in income distribution. -50-

Benefitsfrom M&I Water Supply

7.06 Projectionsof future water demand and supply for urban centers, villages and industriesreveal a substantialdeficit of M&I water, due to scarcityand unsuitablequality. The study area for these projections includes towns ara villageswithin the SSP command,in adjacentareas, and villages in criticalareas of Saurashtrapeninsula and Kutch, not contiguous to the SSP command. Part of the deficit in urban centers can be met by ongoing and plannedwater supply schemes. Villages that have some form of local source have been excludedfrom deficitestimation. The balanceof villageswould have absolutelyno sourcesto satisfy the growing demand of the future. Consequently,the remainderof the deficit is planned to be provided from Narmadawater, either directlythrough the canals of the SSP or indirectlyby pumping from the SSP-inducedrecharge to groundwater. In simmary,the annual volumes of M&I water to be provided,the number of benefitingurban centers and villagesand their respectiveprojected popula- tion are as follows:

Urban Rural Total

Supply of SSP surfacewater (Mm ) 1115 /A 195 1310 /b Supply of groundwaterfrom SSP-induced recharge (Mm3) 79 99 178

Number of urban centers/villages 131 4720 -

Populationprojected in year 2021 (M) 18.6 10.8 29.4

/a Includingsupply to industriesand thermal power plants and supply to the city of Abmedabad. /b At canalhead.

7.07 While it is difficultto attach an economicor socialvalue to the M&I water to be supplied,it is possibleto evaluatethe approximatecost of alternativeprojects (where feasible)to supply similar amountsof water at urban and rural distributionpoints and to compare it to additionalinvest- ments to make SSP water availableat these points. The differencein the annualizedeconomic cost per unit of water has been used to estimatebenefits from this function of SSP, lacking an indication of the consumers' 'willing- ness-to-pay." M&I water would be made available only gradually over a period of about 40 years, starting with the more straightforward schemes within the command area. Since the cost of alternativewater supply schemesin the absence of SSP would rise considerablyover time as more difficultand costly schemeswould have to be implemented,the economicvalue of each additional block of B&I water would also increaseover time. The ultimatealternative consideredfor some rusal areas would be supply by tank truck, estimatedto cost about Rs 10 per m . The average3annualizedcost saving,after 35-40 years, amounts to about Rs 2.50 per m at the distributionpoint. Kowever, neither the indirecteffects of basic water supply and of improvedwater quality on health, standardof living and labor productivity,nor the addi- tional benefitof using treated effluentsdirectly or indirectly(through -51- recharge of groundwater) for irrigation could be adequately quantified for inclusion in the economic analysis. Benefitsfrom Power Generation

7.08 Riverbed Powerhouse. The RBPR would generatethe bulk of power at Sardar Sarovar Dam. Its functionwould be to make use of substantialregu- lated but undivertedflows of the Narmada River during the period of buildup of consumptivewater use both upstream and in Gujaratand Rajasthan (at least 40 years). Due to graduallyincreasing abstractions, the firm capacityof the RBPH in the conventionalmode of operation(initially estimated at some 415 MS or 3,640 GWh a year) would decreaseover time to nil. Secondary energygeneration (spill energy)would also decrease,but would be available in high-flowyears even at full development. Due to its capabilityof pump- back operation,however, the powerhousewould be able to maintain a firm peak load of at least some 300 MW indefinitely. 7.09 CanalheadPowerhouse. The power generationat the CEPH is dependent on abstractionsof Gujarat and Rajasthanfrom Sardar Sarovar Reservoir,and to a lesser degree, on averageelevations of the reservoirsurface that would tend to decreaseover the time of basin development. Given the capabilityof reregulatingthe flow to the main canal in the interlinkedponds between the CMPB and the canalheadregulators, and due to the expectedlow daily plant factor (15-30%),the CHPH could be operatedas a peakingstation. At times of spills,additional flows can be routed through the CHkR and back to the river. Average annual generationat the full developmentstage is estimated at about 800 GWh.

7.10 The two power sourceswould form part of the least cost capacity expansionsequence in India-swestern regiongrid, even when carrying100% of the cost of the dam and reservoir(see SDV, annex 9). The benefitsfrom power generationhave been assessedby attachingan estimateof the social value of energy to the volume of energy to be produced. An attemptwas made to estimatethe maximum willingnessto pay for power in the industrialand agriculturalsectors, which togetheraccount for some 75X of energydemand in the western grid. Based on these estimatesand on average tariffspaid by consumersin these and other sectors,an estimateof the average financial willingnessto pay was calculatedand then adjustedto the economicvalue of energygenerated. ij The resultingeconomic price of energy at tenerationis Rs 0.66/kWh,whereas the averagefinancial revenue (at present tariffs)is about Rs 0.47/kWh. All energy (firmand spill energy)has been valued at the economicprice. Its derivationis describedin detail in SDV, annex 10.

Other Project Benefits

7.11 The creationof Sardar SarovarReservoir would allow the introduction of fisheries. Estimatesof the net benefitsfrom fish productionare presentlynot availableand, therefore,not includedin the quantitative analysis. This activityand the planned reforestationin the reservoir

ij By multiplyingwith the assumed standardconversion factor (0.80)and the averageefficiency of transmissionand distributionfrom generationto consumer (0.82),including auxiliary consumption. -52- catchmentand in parts of the commandarea would help to offset the economic costs from submergenceand from changes in the downstreamenvironment. The availabilityof water in the vicinityof the reservoirand in the command would improvegeneral health conditionsof the population. While the reser- voir would not be able to protect downstreamareas from the magnitude of flood consideredfor sizing the spillways,it could be managed to mitigate considerablythe more frequentbut lesser floods. The proposedflood warning systemwould contributetowards this goal basinwide.

Assumptionsfor EconomicAnalysis 1/ ./

7.12 CroDRinuPatterns. Yields. and Cost of Cultivation. Since the full benefits from irrigationwould only accrue after some 20 to 25 years, there is more than usual uncertaintyin assessingthe croppingpattern at full development. To minimize this uncertainty,studies have been made by NPG to estimate croppingpatterns for each of thirteenagroclimatic zones on the basis of presentlyavailable information concerning yields, costs, acreage response of farmers to prices, irrigationavailability, likely water availabilityand regionalwater allocation. However, the studiesdid not take fully into account the likely increasein private groundwaterpumping, which has a bearing on overallwater availabilityand likely croppingpat- tern. Crop yields for a representativenumber of crops presentlygrown under irrigationin Gujarat have been projectedon the basis of what is alre4y being achievedby progressivefarmers under reliableirrigation and what may, accordingto experts, be achievedon a broader basis by the average farmer 15 to 20 years from now with the type of irrigationservice intendedunder the project and with adequate supportservices. Yielas and croppingpatterns as adopted for the base case in economicanalysis are conservativein as much as they do not reflect any major breakthroughin agriculturaltechnology or major shift towardsextremely high value crops, such as can be observed alreadywhere there is privatetubewell irrigation. Therefore,the future value of productionmay well exceed projectionsas adoptednow, while it is less likely to fall short. The cost of cultivation(input requirements) for the variouscrops is based on sample surveys in Gujarat,adjusted for crop yield assumptions. Yield and input requirementsassumed for the future with SSP are shown in detail in SDV, annex 10.

7.13 Presentand Future Without Proiect Situation. Presentcropping patterns by agro-climaticregions are based on detailedstatistics for the talukas (subdivisionsof districts)covered by the SSP commandarea. Areas served by existingmajor surfaceirrigation schemes in those talukaswere not countedin estimatingthe area presentlyirrigated. At presentsome 13Z of

AJ See SDV, annex 10 for a detaileddiscussion of assumptions.

]/ The economic analyses summarized in this chapter reflect an exchange rate of US$1.0 to Rs 11.0 while the cost- sDmmarizedin chapterVI reflect an updatedrate of USS1.0 to is 12.0. This variance is not expected to significantlyaffect conclusionsof the economicanalysis presented for the base case (paras 7.28-7.31)or conclusionsof the risk analysis discussedin paras 7.32-7.40. -53- the command area is irrigated, mostly by private groundwater. When project- ing the cropping pattern and intensity into the future, no significant chan- ges were assumed, apart from further increases in groundwater development. Accordingly, the irrigation intensity was assumed to increase from some 13% to sone 16% in the future without project over a period of 20 years, while the cropping intensity would remain the same at 105%, as past performance would suggest.

7.14 An analysis of yield trends since 1970 in Gujarat shows an annual increase of about 2.7% a year for all crops. It is not likely that this trend would continue much further, since it was linked to the development of irrigation facilities and to the introduction of high yielding varieties for many of the important crops. Adoption of such varieties appears to have reached a saturation point. It was, therefore, assumed that yields of all crops would increase by 20% over 20 years, and that the corresponding cost of cultivation would increase somewhat faster (25%). Combined with a higher irrigation intensity, average economic net returns per ha would be about 24% higher in the future without the project than at present. Present yields are based on recent crop cutting surveys in the districts covered by the SSP command and on agronomic expertise on the differential between rainfed and irrigated yield levels, where surveys are not available. Cropping patterns, yields, and input requirements under the present situation are shown in SDV, annex 10.

7.15 Agricultural Output and Input Prices. All prices are expressea in constant 1984 rupees. Import or export parity prices were estimated for major tradable crops such as cotton, rice, wheat and groundnut, based on IBRD projections of world market prices for 1995 (expressed in 1984 constant rupees at an exchange rate of Rs 11/US41). For nontraded foodgrains and oilseeds, economic prices were based on real increases in economic prices of tradeable foodgrains and oilseeds over the period 1984 thru 1985. For other non-traded crops, a standard conversion factor of 0.b was used.

7.16 Agricultural wages vary considerably seasonally and regionally, but average about Rs 7.5 a man-day. Studies of farm labor supply and demand in India typically suggest a ratio of economic shadow wage to market wage in the range of 0.50 to 0.70. A farm labor conversion factor of U.67 has been adopted in the economic analysis. Costs of other agricultural inputs, such as compost, bullock labor, agrochemicals, and miscellaneous costs, have been multiplied by the standard conversion factor to arrive at their economic equivalent. All economic and financial prices used are summarized in SDV, annex 10.

7.17 Proiect Costs. The Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project's nine year implementation and annual 0EM costs are presented in chapter 5. Detailed estimates, including the rates of physical contingencies by item of each major project component and other formulations of costs are given on tables 5 through 17. Base cost estimates were provided by GUG and/or their consult- ants and reviewed by the appraisal mission. A differentiated approach was taken to the level of detail in design and estimates required for appraisal. The estimates range from final pre-construction quality for the first and highest priority features such as the dam and initial reaches of the main canal, to full feasibiliLy level for minor works of the first stage develop- ment area, to the best obtainable estimates of features that would not be finally designed or laid out for a decade or more into the future. The -54-

differentialapproach to projectdesign and estimatingstandards and proce- dures is justifiedby the following:the exceptionallylong (22 year) implementationperiod; the reduced effect,due to discounting,of possible errors iu estimatesof project facilitiesthat would not be implementedor perhaps even designedfor a decade or more; and worldwideexperience with large and long term publicworks projectsthat typicallyentail numerous physical,financial, or politicalchanges over time that cannotbe anticipatedinitially. The SSP investmentcosts are given in table 26, showing cost estimates(inclusive of physicalcontingencies) at financial prices over the 22-year period of implementation from FY 1984/85 through 2005/06. Table 27 shows the estimated recurrent O&Zand energy costs for the Water Delivery and Drainage project.

7.1b Base costs plus physical contingencies, in constant 1984 rupees, for all componentsof the SSY were taken as the basis for economic investment costs and adjustedby applicationof appropriateconversion factors to specificmaterials such &s cementand steel, to skilledand unskilledlabor and, in a second step, to subcomponentssuch as earthwork,lining, other civil works, equipment,etc. Where a specialconversion factor could not be derived,the standardconversion factor was used. Conversionfactors used are summarizedin SDV, annex 10.

7.19 In additionto investmentcosts containedin table 26, the estimated cost of the entire lengthof transmissionlines into hP and Maharashtra,as well as the estimatedcost of subtransmission,urban distributionand rural electrification(150% of transmissionco3t) was includedin the economic tnalysis.

7.20 Land acquisition in the reservoir area and for infrastructure in the SSP commandwas costed using the estimated economic value of annual produc- tion foregone,based on projectionsof agriculturalnet returns per ha in the futurewithout project.The cost of rehabilitationof oustees is includedin the investmentcost for the Sardar SarovarDam, in as far as this cost does not representtransfer payments. The value of foregoneforest production in the reservoirarea due to submergenceis also included.

7.21 Other costs for the economicanalysis include the investmentand recurrentcost of privatepumping from groundwater,the investmentand O&H cost of Rajasthan'suse of Narmadawater for irrigation,and a share of the cost of Narmada Sagar Dam in MP. The regulatedreleases from SardarSarovar Reservoircould not be fully obtainedwithout additionalregulation in upstreamreservoirs of the Narmada Basin,particularly at Narmada Sagar. Ideally,costs and benefitsof the entirebasin developmentwould have to be estimatedsimultaneously to take account of the interdependenceof projects, which is not possibleat this stage. Guided by the NWDT's analysisfor interstatecost sharing,20% of the investmentcost for NarmadaSagar Reser- voir were allocatedto the SSP to account for NarmadaSagar's regulation benefits. The phasing of the SSP's total economiccosts of the dam and reservoir,power and irrigationcomponents is shown in figure 8. Buildupof BenefirsOver Time

7.22 Water Use. Abstractionof Narmadawater by Gujaratwould follow the phasing of areas coming under irrigation. First irrigationreleases would be made in year 9 (1992193). It is assumed that each hectarewould ultimately -55- be allocateda volume of water consistentwith the estimatedfinal water availabilityfrom all public sourcesfor irrigation,the projectedsystem efficiency,and the size of command. However,higher allocationsresulting in correspondinglyhigher irrigationintensities would be given initially until the full commandis under irrigation. Systemwater use efficiencyis projectedto increasefrom a low 34% in the first year of irrigationto a final 48% for surfacewater over a period of 10 years.ij The gross area irrigatedis determined,in any year, by water availabilityat the field, by the estimatedaverage water demand of irrigatedcrops, and by the assumed rate at which farmerswould actuallyapply water in relationto the calcu- lated requirement(90%). Agency groundvaterabstraction for conjunctiveuse would be phased in graduallyover a period of some twelveyears, starting about 4 years after the first irrigation. Water from en route rivers would become availableonly much later. Some 13,270Mm would ultilatelybe avail- able for irrigationfrom all public sources,oroabout 3,540 m /ha at the plant.

7.23 Some privategroundwater development would take place with and without project. In addition,new privategroundwater would be developed based on the inducedrecharge of the aquifer from surfacewater lossesand would thus contributealso to the subsurfacedrainage requirements. There are severalreasons why such new developmentcan be expectedto take place, althoughwith some delay:

(a) public surfacewater supply,at full development, would not be ample in relationto irrigablearea;

(b) public groundwatercannot be developedin all areas;

(c) farmerswould recognizethe benefits from additionalflexibility and securityof supply,especially im years of low reservoir yields,towardsthe hot seasonand in the maintenanceof high value perennialcrops; and

(d) farmerswould be able to accumulatesavings from the initialstream of incrementalincome from irrigationand would be in a better positionto afford their own wells.

7.24 All privategroundwater development Nould ultimately contribute another3,300 Mm per year, or about 1,750 m /ha. Buildupof water use over time from the differentsources is illustratedin figure 9. Water availabilityfor Rajasthanwas taken as a proportionof availabilityfor Gujarat. It has been assumed that Rajasthanwould start to draw its share as soon as the main canal is completed(year 14 or 1997/98). 7.25 Each block of commandarea comingunder irrigationin a year was assumed to follow a particularpath of transitionfrom the respective start- ing situation (as for future without project) to full developmentin terms of net returnsper unit area. The Rotential net returns for each time period

IJ Higher efficiencieswere assumedfor public and privategroundwater (60% and 70%, respectively). -56- would increase gradually to a maximum over a period of 12 years after first irrigation, and farmers in each block would approach and ultimately achieve the yearly potential levels according to assumed annual adoption rates over a period of five years. Th: assumptions are more fully described in SDV, annex 10.

7.26 Phasing of M&l water has been projected according to tentative plans of the Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board. Witl!drawalswould start at about the same time as the first irrigation, and would not reach their final level until 30 years later (see SDV, annex 10).

7.27 Annual average releases through the RBPH and corresponding generation were estimated in function of projected buildup of withdrawals in the upstream states and from Sardar Sarovar Reservoir. For Shis purpose, annual upstream abstraction has been assumed to reach 16,300 hm after 25 years, and the full development stage (24,300 hm3 ) after a total of 42 years. Present abstraction upstream is estimated at i800Mm 3. Power operations would start with less than full capacity in year 9 (1992193). Full capacity was assumed to be available in year 10. Energy generation in conventional operation is derived from the sequence of projected flows through the RBPH. Pumpback operations using the reversible turbine-generators are assumed to start, at a low level, in the second year of power operation, building up gradually over 15 years to sustain ultimately a 25% load factor. Energy generation at the CHPH was estimated from releases to the main canal and mean annual head available for generation.

Economic Rate of Return for SSP: The Base Case

7.28 The economic viability of the SS?, including its three functions of power generation, irrigation, and M&I water supply, was evaluated through a simulation model covering 50 years of the project's life and taking explicitly into account the interdependence of the three functions in terms of facility use and water resources, as well as the dependence on upstream development. The resulting buildup of total project benefits over time is illustrated in figure 10. The economic benefit and cost streams for the base case are summarized in table 28 and graphically shown in figure 11. Using base case values for all model parameters, the economic rate of return (ERR) is 13%. Bad power benefits been valued at the equivalent (at generation) of the average tariff realized by State Electricity Boards, (Rs 0.47/kWh instead of Rs 0.66) the ERR would have been about 12%.

7.29 The principal objectives of the SSY are to safeguard basic water supply to the human population and to industries in Gujarat as well as to increase agricultural production through provision of the presently most limiting factor, water. Those are the binding rules of society as formulated by the NWDT stating that consumptive water uses have priority over power generation. It is supported by the nction that water cannot be replacea by any other factor in agriculture and human consumption, whereas power can be produced from alternative resources. Therefore, power generation, although contributing a large share of total benefits, is a residual benefit, taking advantage of undiverted flows during the buildup period of basin diversions. Consequently, no project is conceivable without the irrigation and i&I water supply components. Therefore, and also because joint reservoir costs cannot be allocated between the interdependent purposes of this project, it is not appropriate to estimate separate ERRs for the different purposes. Given -57-

GOG's decision that the main objectiveis providingirrigation and municipal/industrialwater supply, it is unrealisticto conceivean alterna- tive project satisfyingthis objective,as requiredby the classicalmethod of appraisingmulti-purpose projects, because any alternativemeans of providingsuch vater is prohibitivelyexpensive.

7.30 However, for analyticalpurposes, it is possible to conceivean alternative"power-only." project at Sardar Sarovar,which would use most of the water resourcesreleased from upstreamreservoirs. Such a projectwould have an ERR of about 15%. Adding the irrigationand h&I functions,and considering those as an incremental project, the "add-on:' project would have an ERR of about 12Z, producingan ERR for the combined,multipurpose SSP of 13%. ./ The presentvalues for the ."power-only,"alternative and for the 'add-on!'project are detailedin table 29. Alternativeallocations of avail- able river water over time are conceivableand may produce some gain in "optimality",but are not feasibledue to the bindingrules which society, through the NWDT, has decided upon.

7.31 The proposedSSP is more than a very large project;it provides the basis of a regionaldevelopment and of Gujarat'sstate water plan for regions north of the NarmadaRiver. The allocationof Narmadawater to basic water supply for villages,cities, and industries,although relatively small, is criticalfor the furtherdevelopment of a water short and drought prone state such as Gujarat. The irrigationsystem would providea basic infrastructure for the expansionnot only of the agriculturalsector but of an entire regionaleconomy throughlinkage and multipliereffects. Because of its very large size relative to the rest of the Gujarat economy,the project stretches the limitsunder which partialanalysis through economic internalrate of return is apprcpriate. Worldwideexperience would also suggest that large scale basic infrastructureprojects generally tend to have low rates of return when evaluatedonly on their immediate,quantifiable benefits and costs. Due to its size, the SSP would have clearlymore than marginal effectson the Gujarat economy. The irrigationproject area would cover about 20% of the state'sterritory, and its impact,in terms of agricultural production,would be proportionallyeven larger. Incrementalconsumption by rural beneficiaries,marketing and processingof agriculturalproducts, and demand for agriculturalinputs and labor would generate secondaryincome and employmenteffects. While existingdata are not sufficientto quantifysuch effectsfor Gujarat,studies elsewhere(Malaysia) indicate that these .'down- stream" effectsof irrigationprojects in terms of value added on a region may be as high as 75Z of the direct effects.if The same study estimated that each dollar of ."downstream"value added associatedwith the project

AJ While such an additionvould cause some loss of power benefitsrelative to the hypothetical"power-only." project, this would be partiallycompen- sated throughpower generationat the CIPH and use of reversibletur- bine-generators.Pumpback operations have been excludedfrom the "power only.'case, due to the alreadyhigh long-termplant factor. i) Bell, C. and Hazell,P., 'Measuring the Indirect Effects of an Agricul- tural InvestmentProject on its SurroundingRegion," American Journalof AgriculturalEconomics, vol. 62, no. 1 (1980)World Bank Reprint Series no. 154. -58- needed between US $0.75 to 41.50 of complexentary investments appropriately distributed over all other sectors. This would suggest indeed high rates of return on follow-on investaents. Another study on the Indian economy sug- gests that an increase in the growth rate of agricultural output of 1% may trigger an increase in the growth rate of national income of about 0.7%, and of industrial production of about 0.5%. j/ The quantitative economic evalua- tion of the SSP, however, does not attempt to take these secondary effects into consideration.

Project Risk

7.32 Sensitivity to Key Parameters. Sensitivity analysis was conducted through computation of "switching values."to determine how deviations from the main assumptions would effect the economic viability of the project. The "switching value" is that value of a parameter to which it will have to increase (or decrease) in order to render present value of the project's net benefits zero. The discount rate used was 12%. The following table shows the percentage changes between appraisal assumption and switching value for a number of selected parameters:

Percentage Difference Between ADpraisal and Switching Values

Cost Over-runs (in real terms, economic cost) Total cost +15 Dam cost +152 Total reservoir cost +104 Riverbed powerhouse cost +214 Power transmission & distribution cost +144 Total power cost +75 Main canal cost +77 Branch canal cost +151 Distribution & drainage system cost +85 Total irrigation system cost +24

Benefit Short-falls Total benefits -13 Agricultural benefits -22 Agricultural plus M&I water benefits -21 Power benefits -38

Implementation Periods Dam +22 Power facilities +55 Narmada Sagar Dam >+100 Irrigation system -30 Period to reach full irrigation deveIopment +300

jj Rangarajan, C., "Agricultural Growth and Industrial Performance in India," Research Report no. 33, International Food Policy Research Institute, 1982. -59-

Other Parameters Cement conversionfactor +110 Unskilledlabor conversionfactor +95 (constructionand agriculture) Socialvalue of energy -35 NarmadaRiver mean runoff -28 Narmadawater availableto Gujarat& Rajasthan -48 Irrigationsystem efficiency (canalwater) -37 Water requirementsfor average irrigatedcrop +26 Cultivablecomaand area +130 Economic crop prices -17 Economicfarm input prices +73 Irrigatedyields (with project) -13 Rainfed yields (without 6 with project) +60 Farm inputs on irrigated crops (with project) +40 Irrigated yields & inputs varying simultaneously -20

7.33 Among these factors,those relatingto yields, to prices, and physi- cal parameters(water resource availability and crop vater requirements)are subjectmainly to appraisalerrors; projectplanning has littlecontrol over them. Yields are based on judgementof the potentialof today'scrops when supportedby responsive,equitable, and reliablewater conveyanceand deliverysystems, by proper drainagefacilities, and by an efficientagricul- tural extensionservice some twenty years from now. Operationand design criteria,including ample conveyanceand deliverycapacities, are specifi- cally geared towardssuch operations. A plan for O&H has been worked out and agreed with GOG to ensure that operationmakes good use of the potential built into the design. Projectedgross returnsper hectare are on the average not considerablyhigher (+3b8)than what is being presentlyachieved under irrigation(mostly by privatewell owners). They do not imply any major breakthroughin agro-technology,and thus may understatethe potential. A large shortfallrelative to the base assumptionsis thereforeunlikely. Yields may be jeopardizedin parts of the command only if incipientsoil drainageproblems are not remediedby propermeans, e.g., throughvertical (well)drainage. Criteriafor drainageand conjunctiveuse of groundwater have been developedand agreed upon. As to the economicvalue of power, a reductionby 35X would imply that it falls short even of the averagefinance revenue realizedpresently, in spite of strong indicationsthat the willing- ness to pay is higher.

7.34 Risks relatingto implementationperiod and projectcosts (in real terms) can, to some extent,be reducedby good planningand diagnosis. It is noteworthythat major risks from implementationdelay are likelyto arise at the dam and power complexrather than in the irrigation infrastructure. Timely project implementationis related to institutionaland staff capabilities,organization and managementand proper funding of the SSP. The implementingagency, the state of Gujaratand its institutions,are fully committedto the SSP. Institutionalcapabilities of the highestcalibre are -60-

found in Gujarat and in India as exhibited by their excellent performance during project preparation and design phases. The ability of goveriment to reach across agency lines and to draw upon the private sector for in depth technical support is unique and indicative of the level of statewide commit- ment and support to he found in the future. However, timely implementation depends on support for recomm-endedinstitutional, organizational, managerial, and financial initiatives, as well as on the assurance that recommended staff levels and technical consulting services are maintained for efficient and effective management of this massive and complex project. In this regard, GOG has already indicated acceptance of centralized procurement, a management information system, early initiation of the 0&M organizatiou, continuation of the DRU, and utilization of outside technical expertise in certain special- ized design and construction activities, including a canal review board. Successful implementation would also depend heavily upon early establishment of the recommended organizations in each state and at the center for managing and monitoring the resettlement and rehabilitation of oustees from the main reservoir.

7.35 Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, worldwide experience in large public works development shows that implementation slippage is frequently caused by inadequate public sector financial support. Financial capabilities of Gujarat and MP during the coming Five-Year Plan period have been assessed, and while the SSP would certainly cause considerable strain on their invest- ment budgets, its financing is considered feasible given the priority accorded to the investments in each state plan and given GOI's commitment to provide all funds necessary to ensure timely project completion (see paras 5.07-5.13). Inspite of a strong statewide resolve to implement the SSP, the risk of slippage related to institutional capabilities, organization, manage- ment, and funding remains potentially high. This need has resulted in the agreements with GOI and the participating states cited elsewhere in this SAR and summarized in paras 8.01 to 8.07, that relate to these issues, especially the establishment of GOG's hISC by December 19b5 (see para b.U2[k]).

7.36 Project costs appear pa.ticularly important for the economic viability of the SSP. Dam costs are not expected to to exceed the estimates significantly, since foundation conditions are well known, and the costs of the structure have been assessed in great detail (contractor's type estimate). The RBPE cost contains an element of uncertainty with respect to cavern excavations, but is otherwise well founded. The cost of the first one third of the length of the main canal (which represents more than one third of the total cost) has been assessed in detail and is mostly subject to some cost variations with respect to local geological conditions. The remainder of irrigation works, while based on the cost of sample blocks and typical cost per unit of capacity and length of major canals, may vary in a wider range, but in either direction. Special features such as the pumplift schemes on Saurashtra and Kutch branches have been costed on feasibility type estimates, but overruns here vould not influence the overall economic viability significantly.

7.37 A particular, although not substantial, risk with respect to power generation in the early years is the possibility of delays in the construc- tion of the major upstream regulation facility, Narmada Sagar Dam in HP. The NWDT ordered SiPto complete it at the same time as Sardar Sarovar Dam. Average annual power generation in the early years at Sardar Sarovar RJkH would be reduced by about 25Z without Narmada Sagar in place. While the -61- preparation of Narmada Sagar has been somewhat delayed, the NP project is now expected to be completed in mid-1993. Full upstream regulation wotnld thus be available from the outset. The Bank is considering the financing of Narmada Sagar Project and is actively involved in its preparation to achieve the implementation target. A slippage of 5 years would result in a decrease of the ERR of less than one half percent, and even 10 years slippage would not lower the ERR below 1ZX.

7.38 Quantitative Risk Analysis. If all base case assumptions turned out to be accurate, the SSP in its totality would yield an economic rate of return to investment higher than the estimatedopportunity cost of capital in India. It is, however, certain that all assumptions would not be correct. What then is the likelihood of a measure of returns to investment, such as the ERR, to fall below any given minimum level' While this question is pertinent to all investment decisions under uncertainty,the case of the SS1 warrants a more detailed analysis for the following reasons: firstly, the time frame for implementation and benefit buildup is unusually long, and uncertainties increase with the remoteness of events in time; and secondly, the 'stakes' are unusually high given the size of proposed investments. The returns to investment are the result of the interaction of a large number of variables,such as costs of individual components (in real terms), implemen- tation periods, buildup speed for benefits, resource availability, agricul- tural yields and inputs, volume of energy produced, economic values attached to benefits, etc. All of these can be perceived as random events following certain probability distributions. An effort was made to quantify approximately such distributions for a number of parameters based on judge- ment of staff and experts involved, and thus to express the perceived variability of individual events between extremes. A number of parameters entering the cost-benefit simulation model were subjected to random variation under defined probability distributions (Monte Carlo method). 1/ Annual random fluctuations,such as of rainfall and riverflow,were not considered. All parameterswere assumed to be mean values for a given year instead. ERRs and net presentvalues were then calculatedfor 500 different,randomly chosen sets of parameters.

7.39 The following factors affecting risk have been incorporated into the quantitative risk analysis model: (a) costs of dam, powerhouses, transmission system, main canal, branches, distribution and drainage system, command area and groundwater development;

(b) implementation periods for the above;

(c) errors in estimatesof economicconversion factors;

(d) deviation of agricultural gross returns (yields), cost of cultivation, water demand, and cropping intensities from base assumptions;

jI Obvious or supposed correlation among random variables was taken into account either directly through equations linkin-g related parameters, or through identical random numbers used in general:ing correlated variables. -62-

(e) deviationof economicprices of agriculturaloutputs and inputs and of the economic value of power from base assumptions;

(f) change of buildup rate of agricultural benefits from assumed rate;

(g) loss of agricultural production due to drainage problems; (h) deviationof river runoff and of actual water availabilityto Gujarat and Rajasthanfrom assumedvolumes, and of systemefficiencies from those assumed;

(i) variationsin the share of Gujarat'swater aLlocatedto M&I use;

(j) delays in constructionof the Narmada Sagar Reservoirupstream; and (k) variationsin the times that it takes the upstreamstates to reach pre-defineddevelopment stages. Details on the assumedprobability distribution are discussedin SDV, annex 10.

7.40 The risk analysisas describedabove yielded a random sample of ERRs, based on which the exected ERR would be 12%. The minimum ERR observedin the samplewas 7.4%, a.d the maximum 18.9%. Since the values of the ERR in the sampleare approximatelynormally distributed, the followinginferences have been made about the likelihoodof the ERR fallingwithin certain inter- vals: iJ Range of ERR Probability Cum. Probability (Z) (Z) (J Less than 8 2.2 2.2 8 to 10 13.4 15.6 10 to 12 34.4 50.0 12 to 14 34.4 84.4 14 to 16 13.4 97.8 Greaterthan 16 2.2 100.0

The sample distributionof the ERR is shown graphicallyin figure12. It is noteworthythat the band of ERRd observedspreads only about 5-6 percentage points around the mean, and that an ERR of less than 10X would occur only with a chance of one in six. The spread of the distributionmight be some- what larger,if year-to-yearfluctuations of water availabilityand possibly of rainfal:were simulatedas well, especiallyin regard to power benefits. The risk inherentin the SSP appearsto be relativelylow. This can be attributedto the multipurposecharacter of the project,which spreadsthe risk over severalfunctions, and to the nature of the power functionthat in itself is less risky than the irrigationfunction. In summary,the project is expectedto yield satisfactoryreturns to investmentand to carry a reasonablylow overall risk, consideringits size and time frame.

1J The samplemean is 12.00%and the standarddeviation 2.00. -63-

VIII. AGREEMENTSAND RECOMMENDATIONS

ARreements

Governmentof India (GOI) 8.01 Agreementshave been reachedwith GOI that it would:

(a) Take all actionsnecessary to releaseforest lands reservedby the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, within the boundaries of the States of Gujarat, HP and Naharashtra if required for the purpose of implementing the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project including the resettlement and rehabilitation programs and plans (para 4 .38[a]ti]);

(b) With the assistance of NCA, carry out the overall monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement and rehabilitation of the Sardar Sarovar dam and reservoir oustees within the boundaries of the participating states of Gujarat, MP and Habarashtra (para 4 . 3 8al [iil);

(c) On June 1 of each year, commencing on June 1, 1986, and thereafter until June 1, 1995, furnish to the Bank semi-annual and annual reports, of such scope and detail as the Bank may reasonably request, regarding the resettlement and reLabilitation of Sardar Sarovar Dam and Reservoir oustees within the State boundariesof Gujarat,MP and Maharashtra (para 4 .38[al[iii]).

Cd) Make the proceedsof the IBRD loan and/or IDA credit availableto GOG, GOMPand GOM in accordance with its standard arrangements for develop- ment assistance to states and the cost-sharingprovisions of the NWDT decision,an aggregateamount equivalentto US$299.8N (para 5.11);

Ce) Cause GOG, GOMP, and GOMto implement the project in accordance with their respective obligations including provision of the required funds, facilities, services and other resources (para 5.12);

(f) Cause GOR to perform its obligations regarding implementation of the project as providedfor in the NWDT decision(para 5.12);

(g) Maintain the NCA, CAC and NRC with powers, functions, responsibilities, staffing, funds, and membership as may be required to carry out their respectiveduties (parao.16); and (h) By September30, 1985, employ or cause to be employe and thereafter assign to NCA a social scientistwith qualifications,experience and terms and conditionsof employmentsatisfactory to the Bank and in accordancewith its August 1981 guidelinesfor the use of consultants (para 6.17). -64-

Governmentof Guiarat (GOG)

8.02 Agreementshave been reachedwith GOG that it would:

(a) By April 1, 1985, establishand thereaftermaintain a Dam SafetyPanel with terms of referenceand membershipsatisfactory to the Bank (para 4.22);

(b) (i) Cause the Dam SafetyPanel to conduct semi-annualreviews of the adequacyof the plans and designsof the dams, spillways,by-pass tunnel,weir, powerhouses,channels and related structuresand facilitiesincluded in the projectand to examine,inter alia, whether there is a need for making changes in the design and/or construction(para 4.22[a]); and

(ii) Not later than seven days from the date of each of the Panel's reviews,furnish to the Bank and GOG a report of its findings, conclusionsand recommendations(para 4.22[bl);

(c) By April 1, 1985, prepareand furnish to the Bank, for its approval,a list of consultantsand/or experts in the areas of, inter alia, quality control,design or gates and valves and related controlequipment, concretedesign and placement,steel fabricationand erection,tunnels, rock mechanicsincluding controlled blasting and rock supportsystems for the undergroundpowerhouses, design and installationof large rotatingequipment and accessoryelectrical equipment, operation and maintenance of dams and spillways and power plants and emergencies encounteredduring construction,such as earthquakesand other unforeseen events which may affect the project (para4.22[cl); Cd) Under arrangementssatisfactory to the Bank, cause the Project'sdams, spillways,by-pass tunnel,weir, powerhouses,channels and related structuresand facilitiesconstructed under the project to be peri- odically inspected in accordance with sound engineeringpractices in order to determine whether there are any deficiencies in the condition of such structures, or in the quality and adequacy of maintenance or methods of operation,which might endanger their safety (para 4.22); (e) Carry out the planning,design and constructionof the projectworks locatedwithin its State boundariesand the installationof project equipmentincluding the turbine-generatorunits of the RBPH and CEPH and the hydrometeorologicalnetwork, in accordancewitb standardsand criteriaacceptable to the Bank (para 4.32);

(f) Maintainan adequatesupply of materialsincluding cement and steel needed to carry out the construction works under the project (para 4.33);

(g) Carry out the project in conformity with appKoV-priate C' tr..ative, financial,engineering, agricultural, envirommental and sociological practicesincluding those portionsof the power transmissionline interties,hydrometeorological network and resettlementand rehabilita- tion componentsincluding evaluation and monitoringacrivities that lie within its state boundaries,and providethe required funds, facilities, staff, services and other resources(para 4.43); -65-

(h) Maintain the following agencies with the powers, functions, respon- sibilities, membership, staffing, organization and funds required to enable them to adequately undertake tbeir responsibilities (para 6.12):

Ci) The NHPC for the coordination and timely interaction among the various departments and agencies of the GOG responsible for carry- ing out the project; and

(ii) The NPG for carrying out planning studies of the Narmada River Development program including those required to develop a plan for the operation and maintenance of the hydroelectric power and water delivery ard drainage facilities under the SSP;

(i) Employ consultants and/or experts whose qualifications, experience and terms and conditions of employment shall be satisfactory to the Bank, to be selected in accordance with the Bank's August 1981 guidelines for the use of consultants, for carrying out (para 6.17):

(i) Within its state boundaries, the overall project design, construc- tion and quality control including computer based data management and informatiot'systems, the design and construction of underground works including controlled blasting and installation of rock eup- port systems, and the operation and maintenance of the dems, spillways and related equipment and hydropower plants and power supply systems; and

(ii) In coordination with GOMPand GOM, the establishment, operation and maintenance of a hydrometeorological network for flood warning and the day-to-day operation of the SSP;

(j) baintain within NDD a CPU, headed by a qualified and experienced officer, with the powers, functions, responsibilities, staffing, organization and funds required to enable it to carry out its respon- sibilities for procurement of all goods and services needed for implementation of the SSP (para 6.18);

(k) Establish not later than December 31, 1985, and thereafter maintain, within the NDD, a MISC to be headed by a qualified and experienced officer and provide it with such powers, functions, responsibilities, organization, staffing and funds as would be required for monitoring, control and evaluation of the various activities under the SSP (para 6.19);

(1) Maintain the NDD, headed by a qualified and experienced officer, with the powers, functions, responsibilities, organization, staffing and funds as needed to enable it to carry out its responsibilities for the overall implementation of the SSP including (para 6.25):

(i) The operation and maintenance of the irrigation and municipal, industrial and domestic water delivery and drainage facilities of the SSP;

(ii) The operation and maintenance of Sardar Sarovar dam and spillway, Garudeshwar weir, Vadgam saddle dam, the irrigation bypass tunnel -66- and the system of dams and reservoirsand interlinkingchannels and related facilitieslocated between the CHPH and the Narmadamain canal headregulator;

(iii) The supply and distributionof irrigationand municipal, industrial and domesticvater resultingfrom the SSP; and

(iv) Through an appropriateagency, to be establishedby December31, 1988, operate and maintain the hydroelectricpower componentof the SSP, and, in accordancewith the NWDT decision,supply hydroelec- tric power to GOG, GOMP and GON resultingfrom the implementation of such component;

(m) By December31, 1987, prepare and furnish to the Bank, for its approval, an operation and maintenance plan, including the provision of funds, staff and other resources,for the dams, powerhouses,canals and related structuresand equipmentunder the project,and thereafter, adopt and implementthe approvedplan (para 6.25);

Governmentsof Guiarat (GOG),Madhva Pradesh (GOMP).and Maharasbtra(GON)

8.03 Agreementshave been reachedwith GOG, GOMP and GOM that they would:

(a) Carry out in accordancewith standardsand criteriaacceptable to the Bank the planning,design and construction,and, by December31, 1991, or such other date as may be agreed between the Bank and the states, completewithin their respectiveState boundaries,the constructionof transmissionlines, sub-stationsand other power-relatedfacilities requiredfor the full integrationof the SSP power facilitieswith the western region power grid (para 4.17);

(b) In coordinationone with anotherand with the NC&:

*i) by Dece^ber 31, 1986 prepareand furnish to the Bank, for its approval,a final systemdesign for the hydrometeorologicalnetwork includingequipment specifications and constructionschedules, and, thereafter,carry out the system design and constructionfollowing approval (para 4.26[a)D;

(ii) by December31, 1987 prepare and furnish to the Bank, for its ap- proval,an operationand maintenanceplan for the hydrometeorological network includingthe provisionof funds, staff and other resour- ces, and, thereafter,adopt and implementthe plan as approved (para 4.26[b]); (iii) by June 30, 1988, have the componentsof the hydrometeorological network locatedwithin their respectiveState boundaries,installed and operationalin a manner satisfactoryto the Bank (para 4.26[c]);

{c) In coordinationone with another and the NCA, provide to NCA as needed and in accordancewith the cost-sharingprovisions of the NWDT deci- sion, the funds, facilities,services and other resourcesrequired to enable NCA to assist GOI in: -67- Ci) carryingout its responsibilitiesunder the NhDT decisionrelated to, inter Alia. the overalloperation and maintenanceof the bydrometeorologicalnetwork (para 4.26[d]);and

(ii) carryingout the overallmonitoring and evaluationof the resettle- ment and rehabilitationof Sardar SarovarDan and Reservoiroustees (para 4.381b][i]). (d) Adopt and thereafterimplement within their respectiveState bound- aries, a resettlementand rehabilitationplan for the Sardar Sarovar Dan and Reservoiroustees, satisfactoryto the Bank, which would include the principlesand objectivesgiven in ScheduleA and the institutionalarravgewerts provided for in ScheduleB (para4.38)[b][ii]; (e) Within their state boundaries,take all measuresnecessary to minimize the risk of malaria, filaria,schistosomiasis and other water-related diseasesthat may result from implementationof the project (para 4.40); (f) In collaborationone with another,furnish to the Bank for its approval,by December31, 1985, a work plan for the environmental effects anticipatedregarding implementation of the SSP whicn would includesuitable training programs for responsiblestaff of the par- ticipatingstates, including plans, schedules,syllabi and provision of funds, and studiesand implementationtherefor, covering fish and fisheries,forest and wildlife,and publichealth aspects,and, there- after, the participatingstates should implementthe approvedwork plan and trainingprograms (para 4.41); (g) Acquireall lands and rights needed for carryingout the projectand furnishthe Bank promptlywith satisfactoryevidence that all necessary land and rights would be available for purposes of implementing the project (para4.42);

(h) With respect to those parts of the project which are to be carriedout by each state,maintain separaterecords and accountsfor project expenditures;ensure that such projectaccounts are auditedannually and that copiesof such accounts,certified as to their accuracyby an independentauditor acceptableto the Bank, are submittedto the Bank not later than nine months after the end of each fiscalyear; have final audits preparedfor project accountsfor eacb fiscalyear by an auditoracceptable to the Bank and forwardsuch audit reports to the Bank imediately after their finalization;and, make completeaccounts and financialstatements available for inspectionduring Bank review missions (para 5.20); (i) Maintain the NCA, CAC and NRC each with the functions,respon- sibilities,staffing, funds and membershipas may be requiredto carry out their respectiveduties (para 6.06);

(j) In collaborationone with another,furnish to the Bank for its approval (para6.15): -68-

(i) By December31, 1985, a suitabletraining program of resettlement and rebabilitationof the oustees for the responsiblestaff of GOG, GOMP and GON includingplans, schedules,syllabi and provisionof funds; and (ii) By June 30, 1989, a suitabletraining pro-ram of operationand maintenanceof the facilitiesunder the SSP includingplans, schedules,syllabi and provisionof funds;

Thereafter,the participatingstates should implementthe above train- ing programsas approved; (k) Furnish to the Bank semi-annualand annual progressreports, within three months after the end of each reportingperiod, of such scope and detail as may reasonablybe requestedby the Bank regardingimplementa- tion of the parts of the project for which each state is responsible within its respectiveboundaries (including power transmissionintertie lines, hydrometeorologicalnetwork, resettlement and rehabilitation program, -andoverall project monitoring and evaluation)(para 6.20); and (1) Furnish to the Bank within six months after project completion,a report of such scope and detail as may reasonablybe requestedby the Bank coveringthe parts of the project for which each state is respon- sible within its respectiveboundaries regarding execution and initial operations,and costs,expenditures and benefitsto be derived ;ara 6.20);

(m) Require the project'sfacilities to be efficientlymaintained and the vehicles and equipmentto be efficientlyoperated and maintainedand all necessaryrepairs and renewalsmade, in accordancewith sound engineeringand financialpractices (para 6.23);

Cn) By a date not later than six months before the commissioningof the first turbine-generatorunit under either the RBPH or the CHPH, enter into contracts,satisfactory to the Bank with appropriateelectric utility organizationsfor the bulk supplyand sale of electricity generated under the project including bulk supply contracts with each state containing provisions for pricing power at levels which would recoverall investmentcosts and full 0&M costs and would producea satisfactoryinternal rate of return to projectinvestments over the life of the assets (para 6.29);

Governments of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) and Nabarashtra (GOM)

8.04 Agreements have been reached with GOMP and GOMthat they would:

(a) Carry out in coordination one with another and with GOG and NCA, the construction,procurement, installation, operation and maintenance of the hydrometeorologicalnetwork in conformitywith appropriate administrative,financial and engineeringpractices, and provideas needed, the funds, facilities,staffing, services and other resources requiredfor such purposes (para 4.26); -69-

(b) Assist the GOG in implementing the project including the provision of funds, facilities, services and other resources as needed and in accordance with the cost-sharing provisions of the NWDT decision (para 5.12);

(c) Employ, in coordination one with another and with GOG, for implementa- tion of the hydrometeorological network within their respective State boundaries, consultants and/or experts whose qualifications, experience and terms and conditions would be satisfactory to the Bank and would be selected in accordance with principleE and procedures of the Bank's August 1981 "Guidelines for the Use of Consultants by World Bank Bor- rowers and by the World Bank as Executing Agency" (para 6.17);

Recommendat ion

8.04 The proposed project is suitable for an IBRD loan of US$200.0 M and an IDA credit of US$100 M (SDR 99.7 M equivalent).

Conditions of Effectiveness

8.05 As a condition of effectiveness, a legal opinion on behalf of GOG, GOMP and GOM would be provided to the Bank indicating that all the necessary govern- mental actions have been taken for adopting and thereafter implementing a plan satisfactory to the Bank for resettlement and rehabilitation of all persons who would be displaced (oustees) as a consequence of the project, in accordance with the decisions of the NWDT and with the principles, objectives and institu- tional, monitoring and evaluation requirements referred to in Schedules A and B (para 4.38).

8.06 The effectiveness of the IBRD loan and/or IDA credit for the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project would be dependent upon the concurrent effective- uess of the LDA credit for Water Delivery and Drainage Project (para 5.13).

8.07 The effectiveness of the TDA credit for the Sardar Sarovar Dam and Power Project would be dependent upon the effectiveness of the IBRD loan agree- ment for the same project (para 5.13). ScheduleA -70- Pae 1

INDIA

SARDARSAROVAR DAN AND POWER PROJECT Resettlementand Rehabilitation

1. The project'soustees from the statesof Gujarat,Madhya Pradesh and Naharashtrawill be relocatedand rehabilitatedin accordancewith the provi- sions of the WDT decisionsand the following-principlesand objectives:

(a) The main objectivesof the plan for resettlemeotand rehabilitation of the ousteesare to ensure that the ousteeswill promptlyafter their displacement:

(i) improveor at least regain the standardof living they were enjoyingprior to their displacement; (ii) be relocatedas village units,village sectionsor familiesin accordancewith the oustees'preference; (iii) be fully integratedin the communityto which they are resettled, and Civ) be providedwith appropriatecompensation and adequatesocial and physicalrehabilitation infrastructure, including community servicesand facilities.

(b) The plan for resettlementand rehabilitationof the ousteeswill ensure adequateparticipation by the oustees.

(c) Each landedoustee shall be entitledto and allottedirrigable land in the state (Gujarat,MP or Naharashtra)in which he choosesto resettle,of equal size to that which he owned prior to his resettle- ment, subjectto the applicableland ceilinglaws, acceptableto him; provided,however, that in those cases where the ousteeowned less than 2 ha of land, such oustee shall be entitledto at least 2 ba of irrigableland, acceptableto him.

(d) Each landlessoustee will be rehabilitatedin the agriculturalor nonagriculturalsectors, as the case may be, and shall be entitledto stablemeans of livelihoodin accordancewith the objectivesset forth in paragraph(a) of this schedule. -71- ScheduleA Pare 2

(e) The level of compensationfor land, irrigableand otherwise,to be paid to landed ousteesvill be based on the currentmarket value of land of equivalentsize, locationand comparablequality in areas providedfor and acceptableto each oustee. (f) Where irrigableland is allocatedto a landedoustee in lieu of land previouslyowned by such oustee,50% of the cash compensationto which such oustee is entitled shall be applied towards the cost of the allocatedland, subject to a maximum of the value of the land allotted,and the balance of the cost of such allottedland shall be treatedby the state (Gujarat,MP or Maharashtra)where the allotted land land is located, as an interest-free loam repayable over 20 years.

(g) In no case shall cash paymentsbe made in substitutionfor actual rehabilitation. Cash payments shall be restrictedto such transac- tions as mandated by the NRDT decision. -72- Schedule B Pase 1

INDIA

SARDAR SAROVARDAM AND POWER PROJECT

Institutional.-Monitoringand EvaluationArrangtements for Resettlementand Rehabilitation

1. Gujarat shall:

(a) maintain the Resettlementand RehabilitationWing, within the Narmada DevelopmentDepartment, respoasible for planning,coordinating and implementingthe resettlementand rehabilitationof the oustees,as the case may be, within Gujarat'sState boundariespursuant to the provisions of the NWDT decision and the objectives and principles given in ScheduleA; therefore,such Wing is to be headed by a qualifiedand experiencedofficer and assignedwith such powers, functions,responsibilities, staffing and funds as would be required to enable it to accomplishits purposes;

(b) commencingon March 31, 1985 and thereafteruntil March 31, 1985, employ suitableresearch institutions, satisfactory to the Bank, for purposesof monitoringand evaluatingthe implementationof the plan for R&R of the ousteeswithin Gujarat'sState boundaries,such researchinstitutions to prepareand furnishto the NarmadaDevelop- ment Departmentsemi-annual and annual reportsof their findingsand reconendations. Further,Gujarat will take into account such find- ings and recommendationsin the implementationof the plan for R&R of the oustees; (c) commencingon September30, 1985 and thereafteruntil March 31, 1995, prepareand furnish to GOI and the Bank semi-annualand annual reportson the implementationof the of the plan for R&R of the oustees, which reports will include those reports of the research institutionsprovided for in paragraph(b) of this Schedule. Such reportssha]l be furnishedwithin three months after the end of each reportingperiod; and

(d) by March 31, 1985, establishand, thereafter,maintain a committee for purposesof advisingthe Resettlementand RehabilitationWing of the Narmada DevelopmentDepartment with regard to the implementa- tion of the plan for R&R of the oustees, such committeeto be headed by a qualifiedand experiencedofficer and includein its membership representativesof Gujarat'ssocial scienceresearch institutions, ousteesinterest groups, includingnon-governmental social workers and welfare organizationsfrom Gujarat, and of the oustees relocated .73. ScheduleB Pate 2

within Gujarat'sState boundaries. Such committeewill be assigned, at all times,with such functions,responsibilities, staffing and funds as would be requiredto enable it to accomplishits purposes. 2. Madhya Pradesh shall:

(e) maintain the Land Acquisitionand RehabilitationCell, within the NarDadaPlanning Agency, responsiblefor planning,coordinating and implementingthe R&R of the oustees,as the case may be, within MP s state boundariesin accordancewith the provisionsof the NWDT deci- sion and the objectivesand principlesset forth or referredto in ScheduleA; therefore,such Cell is to be headed by a qualifiedand experiencedofficer and assigned,at all times,with such powers, functions,responsibilities, staffing and funds as would be be required to enable it to accomplishits purposes;

(f) commencingon March 31, 1985 and thereafteruntil March 31, 1995, employ suitableresearch institutions, satisfactory to the Bank, for purposesof monitoringand evaluatingthe implementationof the plan for R&R of the ousteeswithin MP's State boundaries,such research institutionsto prepareand furnishto the NarmadaPlanning Agency semi-annualand annual reports of their findingsand recommendations. Further,HP will take into account such findingsand recommendations in the implementationof the plan for R&R of the oustees;

Cg) commencingon September30, 19b5 and thereafteruntil March 31, 1995, prepareand furnish to the GOI and the Bank semi-annualand annual reportson the implementationof the plan for R&R of Lhe oustees, which reportswill includethose reports of the researchinstitutions providedfor in paragraph(f) of this Schedule. Such reportsshall be furnishedwithin three montbs after the end of each reporting period;and (h) by March 31, 1985, establishand, thereafter,maintain a committee for purposesof advisingthe Land Acquisitionand RehabilitationCell vith regard to the implementationof the plan for R&R of the oustees, such committeesto be headed by a qualifiedand experiencedofficers and include in its membership representatives of MP's social science researchinstitutions, oustees' interest groups, including non-governmentalsocial workers and welfare organizationsfrom MP, and of the oustees relocatedwithin MP's State boundaries. Such committeewill be assigned,at all tines,with such functions, responsibilities,staffing and funds as would be requiredto enable it to accomplishits purposes.

3. Maharashtrashall:

(i) maintain the barmadaDevelopment Division within its Irrigation Department,responsible for planning,coordinating and implementing the R&R of the oustees,as the case may be, within Maharashtras -74 ScheduleB P^ge -3

State boundariesin accordancewith the provisionsof the NWDT deci- sion and the objectivesand principlesset fortb or referredto in ScheduleA; therefore,such Cell is to be headed by a qualifiedand experiencedofficer and assigned,with such powers,functions, responsibilities,staffing and funds As would be be requiredto enable it to accomplishits purposes;

(j) comencing on March 31, 1985 and thereafteruntil March 31, 1995, employ suitableresearch institutions, satisfactory to the Bank, for purposesof monitoringand evaluatingthe implementationof the plan for R&R of the ousteeswithin Maharasbera'sState boundaries,such researchinstitutions to prepareand f-rnishto the NarmadaDevelop- ment Divisionsemi-annual and annual reportsof their findingsand recommendations.Further, Maharashtra will take into account such findingsand recommendationsin the implementationof the plan for R&R of the oustees;

(k) commencingon September30, 1985 and thereafteruntil March 31, 1995, prepare and furnish to the GOI and the Bank semi-annual and annual reports on the implementation of the plan for R&Rof the oustees, which reports shall include those reportsof the researchinstitu- tions providedfor in paragraph (j) of this Schedule. Such reports shall be furnishedwithin three months after the end of each report- ing period; and

(1) by March 31, 1985, establishand, thereafter,maintain committees for purposes of advising the Narmada Development Division with regard to the implementation of the plan for R&Rof the oustees, such com- mittees to be headed by a qualified and experienced officers and includein its membership representatives of Maharashtra's social scienceresearch institutions, oustees' interest groups, including non-governmentalsocial workers and welfare organizationsfrom Maharashtra,and of the ousteesrelocated within Maharashtra'sState boundaries. Such committeewill be assigned,at all times,with such functions,responsibilities, staffing and funds ad would be required to enable it to accomplish its purposes. -75- Table 1 Page 1

IN~DIA

IARMADARIVER DEVELOPENT- GUJARAT

SARDARSAROVAR PROJECT

Implementation Goals and Objectives

Date Goal

1. Jun 85 Award main dam and RBPH civil works

2. Jun 85 Award first of 4 reaches of main canal up to

3. Jun 85 Complete dam foundation work and concrete to streambed elevation

4. Nov 85 Award first reach of a major branch

5. Dec 85 Award supply contract for REPR turbine/ generator sets

6. Dec 85 Complete ongoing dikes and ponds works

7. Jan 86 Award supply contract for CEPH turbine/ generator sets

8. Apr t6 Award CEPH civil works, including Vadgam Saddle Dam

9. Jul 86 Award irrigation bypass tunnel

10. Apr 87 Award Garudeshwar Weir and pumpback storage

11. Jul 87 Award first reach of major surface drains

12. Dec 88 Complete RBPR mining excavation

13. Dec 88 Initiate command area development

14. Apr b9 Complete RBPR Ist stage concrete

15. May 90 Complete irrigation bypass tunnel

16. Oct 90 Complete CEPH civil works and Vadgam Saddle Dam

17. Oct 91 Complete Gsrudeshwar Weir and pumpback storage -76- Table 1 Page 2

18. May 92 Complete main canal and major structures to Miyagam branch turnout

19. May 92 Complete dam concrete placemeat above EL 91.46 m (irrigation diversions begin)

20. Jun 92 Deliver water to distribution network for 172,000 ha (Miyagam branch)

21. Jun 92 Complete high voltage intertie

22. Aug 92 Commission first T/G sets at CHPH

23. Oct 92 Commission first T/G sets at RBPH

24. Jun 93 Deliver water to Vadodara branch

25. Jun 93 Complete main canal and structures to Mahi River

26. Oct 93 Initiate service and arterial roads

27. Dec 93 Commission fifth T/G set at GEPH

28. Jul 94 Commission sixth TIG set at MBPH

29. Jul 94 Complete dam and spillway to top with gates (EL 146.5 m)

30. Oct 94 Complete distribution network ro Mahi River (430,'00 ha)

31. Jun 95 Install first agency conjunctive use wells

32. Dcc 96 Complete main canal to Rajasthan border

33. May 99 Complete Saurashtra branch pump and hydroelectric plants

34. Jun 99 Deliver water to Saurashtra branch

35. May 00 Deliver water to Kutch branch

36. Jun 00 Complete distribution network to mainland Gujarat command

37. Apr 06 Complete command area development

38. Jun 06 Conjunctive use system fully operational

39. Jun 06 Project completely served including agency wells for full groundwater development -77- - ~~~~~Table2 Page 1

INDIA

SARDAR SAROVAR DAN AND)POWER COMPLEX

Salient Technical Features

FacilitylFeature Description

1. Sardar Sarovar Dam

(a) Location Narmada River near Navagam village (210 50' N Lat x 730 45' E Long) (b) Type Concrete gravity

Cc) Volume (Total) 6,000 N Mass concrete 5,500 Nm3 Structural concrete 500 Nm3

Cd) Top of dam Elevation 146.50 a Length 1210.00 m Width (top) 9.14 m

Ce) Freeboard 6.29 m

Cf) Height of dam 128.50 a (from top of fault plug) 157.50 m (from bottom of fault excavation) 2. Spillway

(a) Type Ogee crest(s) (1) Service sp.illwaywith 23 -18.3 x 16.7 a sloping apron stilling basin Radial gates (2) Auxiliary (& emergency) with 7 - 18.3 x 18.3 a chute/flip-bucket Radial gates

(b) Crest length (1) Service spillway 524.3 m (2) Auxiliary 161.0 a (3) Total crest 749.6 a

(c) Crest elevation 121.92 m -78-

Table 2 Page 2

(d) Capacity

(1) Servicedesign (1000-yrflood) 87,000 cumecs (2) Serviceand auxiliary (P.M.FaI 171,000cumecs without overtopping dan)

3. Outlet Works

(a) Irrigationbypass tunnel (Intakelocated 350 m upstream on right reservoir rim) (1) Iavertelevation (reservoirside) 86.9 m (2) Diameter (twin tunnels) 6.4 m

(b) Constructionsluices (Temporary)

(1) Set no. 1 (invertelevation 18.0 H) - Description 10 - 2.75 x 2.15 a Rectangular boxes (2) Set no. 2 (invertelevation 35.0 n) - Description 8 - 2.75 x 2.15 a Rectangular boxes (c) Emergencyoutlets

- Invertelevation 60.0 a - Description 4 - 3.05 x 2.74 m Rectangularboxes - Discharge (FRL) 300 cumecs

4. RiverbedPowerhouse Underground(23 x 58 x 211 a machine hall)

(a) Location/Description Cavern/rightabutment (b) Type units Reversibleturbine-generators (c) Unit capacities 6 x 200 MW Units (d) Total plant capacity 1200 MN (e) Penstocks

- Invert elevation 97.5 n - Diameter (6 each) 7.62 a - Combined discharge (maximum) 1000 cumecs

1J Probablemazimum flood -79-

Table 2 Page 3

5. CanalheadPowerhouse

(a) Location/Description Right rim of reservoir 800 n upstream of main dam axis/surface powerhouse (32 x 141 m)-intakesformed by Vadgam Saddle Dam

(b) Type units Conventional turbine- generators(Kaplan) (c) Unit capacities(5) 50 KW

(d) Total plant cuapacity 250 MW

(e) Penstocks (5)

- Invert elevation 90.0 m - Diameter (each) 6.7 m

6. Reservoir

(a) Hydrology

- Total catchment 89,000 sq. km. - Average annualrainfall 1,214 m - Maximum annual rainfall 1,270 ami - Minimum annual rainfall 760 am - Runoff at 50% dependability 45,000 imr - Runoff at 75Z dependability 35,200Nr. - Runoff at 90X dependability 26,500 Nm3 - Spillvay design flood (1000-year) Peak discharge (inflow) 101,700cumecs Peak discharge (outflow) 87,300 cu ecs Flood volume (inflow) 16,410 Mm Maximumwater surface (routed) 139.7 m - Probable -mximum flood Peak discharge (inflow) 171,000 cum6cs Peak discharge (outflow) 132,000 cu ecs Flood volume (inflow) 33,600 Mm Maximumwater surface(routed) 144.3m (b) Storage

- Maximnm water level (MWL) 140.2 i - Full reservoir level (FlL) 138.7 m - Minimum drawdown level (MDDL) -80-

Table 2 Page 4

Power operation 110.6 m Irrigation operation 93.6m 3 - Gross storage (FRL) 9,500 Mm - Dead storage (HDDL)

Pover (MDDL 110.6 m) 3,700 3 Irrigation (MDDL 93.6 a) 2,100 Mm

- Live storage (FRL)

Power (CDDL 110.6 n) 5,800 3m3 Irrigation (NDDL 93.6 a) 7,400 Mm

(c) Submergence data (FRL)

- Forest lavd 6,273 ha - Cultivable land 12,141 ha - Other land 18.616 ha

Total 37,030 ha

- Affected villages & population 1J Villares Families

. Madhya Pradesh 180 7,500 . Maharashtra 36 1,358 . Gujarat 19 1.900

Totals 235 10,758

7. Garudeshwar Weir (pumpback storage) 2J

(a) Location 18 km below main dam axis (b) Maximum water level (MWL) 30.0 i (c) Maximum live capacity at MWL. 26 Mm (d) Minimum tailvater for pump/storage operation 25.9 m

1J Preliminary estimate up to MWL (140.2) - develcpment of final resettlement plan data is expected to increase these figures significantly.

2J Facilitates sumped-storage mode of operation of the RBPE for a 7-hour pump and 5-hour generation cycle. -81-

Table 2 Page 5

8. Vadgam Saddle Dam 1J

(a) Location Right rim of main reservoir 800 m upstream from main dam axis near Vadgam village (b) Type of structure Stone masonry dam (c) Dam height 60 m

9. Canalhead Reservoirs and Dams

(a) Dams

(1) Type Earth and rockfill with core and filter zones and cutoffs tc bedrock 3 (2) Total embankment volume (4 dams) 5.4 Mm

(3) Maximum height (dam No. 3) 54.6 m

(4) Spillway on dam no. 3 (combined)

Type Stone-sasonry; chute Design discharge 640 cumecs

(b) Interlink channels

Overall side slopes 0.5 H to 1.0 V Maximum depth of cut 100 m Design discharge 1,133 cumecs

(c) Storage

Maximum reservoir (pond) level 95.1 m Minimum reservoir (pond) level 92.1 m Active storage (EL 95.1 to 92.1) 13.0 m33 Gross storage (EL 95.1) C- 3 Mm

(d) Submergence (EL 95.1) 773 ha

(e) Catcbment 4460 ha

1J Facilitates structural support for CHPH intakes and penstock arrangements. -82- Ta -le 3

INDIA

NARMADARIVER DEVELOPMENT- GUJARAT

Material Requirements

Annual Cement Requirements (Metric Tonnes)

Year Main Dam Hydro-Power Main Canal Dist. Systems Grand Total

1981-82 12,545 - - 12,545 1982-83 10,300 - - 10,300 1983-84 10,044 - - - 10,044 1984-85 11,020 - - 18,300 29,320 1985-86 8,440 - 63,300 49,050 120,790 1986-87 186,980 - 135,100 112,700 434,780 1987-88 196,330 16,000 170,400 169,700 552,430 1988-89 196,330 40,000 170,400 210,150 616,880 1989-90 196,330 48,000 205,400 231,400 681,130 1990-91 196,330 16,000 197,900 236,050 646,280 1991-92 196,330 34,000 191,000 247,200 668,530 1992-93 86,390 5,000 199,850 332,500 623,740 1993-94 - 2,000 192,150 460,350 654,500 1994-95 - - 195,250 468,350 663,600 1995-96 - - 138,800 456,550 595,350 1996-97 - - 70,700 456,550 527,250 1997-98 - - - 226,400 226,400 1998-99 - - - 131,300 131,300

TOTALS 1,307,369 1J 161,000 1,930,250 3,806,550 7,205,169

1J As presented in the Sardar Sare--= Project, "Construction Program for Read Works (Unit I),."by -yrmada Project Read Works Circle Vadodara, November 1983 which is consistent with the p.-oposed7.1 Mm concrete gravity dam. -83-

Table 4

INDA

NARMADARIVER DEVELOEMENT- GUJARAT

Material Reguirements

Annual Steel Requirements (MetricTonnes)

Year Main Dam Hydro-Power Main Canal Dist. System Grand Total

1981-82 1,635 - 1,635 1982-83 460 - 460 1983-84 200 - 200 1984-85 200 - - 218 418 1985-86 380 - 1,200 498 2,078 1986-87 7,740 - 7.600 743 16,083 1987-88 8,220 1,800 12,000 1,289 23,309 1988-89 8,220 4,400 12,000 1,804 26,424 1989-90 7,915 5,900 17,600 2,005 33,420 1990-91 4,800 3,709 16,400 1,936 26,845 1991-92 4,320 600 15,200 2,140 22,260 1992-93 1,900 200 14,000 2,928 19,028 1993-94 - - 14,400 3,918 18,318 1994-95 - - 14,800 3,918 18,718 1995-96 - - 11,600 3,535 15,135 1996-97 - - 6,800 3,535 10,335 1997-98 - - - 1,577 1,577 1998-99 - - - 915 915

TOTALS 45,990 1J 16,609 143,600 30,959 237,158

1J Includes30 radial crest gates as presentedin the Sardar SarovarProject, "ConstructionProgram for Head Works (Unit I)," by NarmadaProject Read Works gircle,Vadodara, November 1983, consistentwith the proposed 7.1 Mm, gravity dam. inW110 lEWIIEu - 3UJ*A om~SK ~IV ilAPat MlCT FAIN96 htalte Cost T1ab

Cots r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~vetmwets

UM/0l mu nm nM nneC o. Im n4 Total TnnJ tMsmntc -, - --- Cennnnsrot, 34/3535/36 36/3737/SI 36/39 P/9090/91 91/9292/93 93/94 Total 3e4/fl wrr "s 3/37 /rP /0 W3/90 90/91 93/92 92/9S93/94 Total Rale r:i,. TmRate Accoat

1. I 1n1To cl

A. 11 a:n wIu ------0*2 6 0.05 9I

g1m63 33363S3U ------0.2 0.15 0.o3 o rU liUI EAVATI 45.5 "9,10.2 - 244,6 - 5.7 127.4 164.7 - - - 0..135 ol$ 0,05 t 1`1111 1 6Y.,.ATNT loll-30. - - 3,5 1391 - - - - - . - 6.6 015 0,15 0405 co 5jUl36OlSl 0l3l133 - 3.0 9.1 5,[email protected] ------10.7 133 6.3 ------32.4 0.2 0. 0.e5 Cw IJLTNO - - 336037,5 45.0 4J5, 40 405.0171.6 - 25612.2 - - 511.3 sn.5 SW2 64.4 7. 735,737.2 - 4,290. * 0. 0.05 e StUICTK 1 -T0l3.0V47.5 136.2170.6 159.0 3.5 I.0 - 623J7 - - 133 212.4 216,1 21.3 2n9.1 171.6 39.0 - 1.3.2 1 0.4 0.5 1TM 1TM.- 3_.034,7 34.734.7 34.7 17. 5.9 - 393.0 *- 5 50. 54.7 59.2 64.0 34.2 12.4 - 31. 0.3 02 .5 o 9INO1E1-91 - 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.4 0.5 - 14.2 - 1.63 4.1 4.5 4. 5.3 3.1 1.1 - 26.5 0.25 0.15 *.e ON FAIICATIIU WIA BAVS - - 23,6 27.3 27. 20.3 10.2 3.4 - - lol.l? - 191 41*4 449 3A.5 19.3 7. - - la.e 0.35 0.06 0.05 Ce IUTfmilAWIU WAl TS - - - -. - - - - 3 11.4 1.o0 36.2 - - - 23.5 23.9 400 77.3 O.2 0.15 0.0 eV 1gm 1 1 l 2M5. 20.0 20.6 316 26. 39.3 31.6 7 46,7 35.3 591.0 341.4 25.3 26.3 4.1 46.9 17.2 61.2 33.7 106.3 U333934.3 *IS' 0*I5 0.05 ca

h-dsl C11T5113 355. 93316434.S 754.4 6U.0 6f,9 643n.01571.1 264.0 53.1 468.0 424.9301.3 173.33,013.3 2O000.3 3,344.4 13173,7 13115.9 :5.3 123.37,623,1 co UtiUSl - 39.6 39.-- - - - 79.1 - -3-6 5132 l-3.s 0.35 0.05 n o [NIaaII 2.4 3.4 3,4 233 t23,3s3 I6.7 l6,3 t.s to7? . 3.20 IIJ 122,3 727 3.11 33, 33,7 36.4 1395 6.6 2264M 0,2 0.35 O.0 * to CI3ICTII 137. le ------23,9 21,2 15. - -9 - - - - - 37.2 0.23.15 0.05 co Fe @ra tIFn nCuts W7 103 l30l23.3 23,3123,3 21, 22.6 23 3,9 157.1 96 14.5 35.3 37.0 40.2 43.5 43.6 46.7 24.7 9.4 M.o 0.2025 0.05 Eic I. 0(1UMt2 I MIUNIMIIM 30.4l3.e 56.42i2 52.7 55.7 53.247.4 22.0 4.6 .4 31,7l3.2 69.2 82.3 76.2 7. 90.4 364 425 9. 56.W3 0 0 0 E Totaf am11 413.5146,1 7M. 9579?.I 776.0345 656, ,3 650 5,49,249.s 237,0 1343 1,250.l4.47i 12.3391443,5 1fMA4 637.l 36,7 ,318,6 _ 8=33 3331 93n"c3st mm3 _ Same83 s83 3331138 w311 "1=3 "33s3e prrrs *rs I *3r3puernrr13.2 one" _3 ftol 413.5ful. 773.0 5.9 7J M. 73,5 66.9 3Me3 65,0 5,9,2 MIS 217.01s34#3 1,250.4 147lt, 32f9it24343 1,23.4 6. 1067 113W. _ _3 memo_som*3e _ 11rr 33rr-_: ra s 3 rWr3 1.3 31133 3333 .3313 313r m3 M= _ 33333

1/ Includes advance payment on main contract of about Rs 230 2 plum fabricationand delivery of gates, valves and mechanical equinr.entother than r.%dinlcrest gate. at an eatimated base cost of Rs 110 H.

Jhoar1S IM 137334 W-I -tI 3VM -FURFRZE marfnLmm I LINKOVW6IS hiel ledCost Table

DMoCosts Toable5hIncuiri Cant5tk.mieu IRSHiflimI (RSNHllian)Flv 3A/ 35/636/737/33OM6/3931 /1010/1IM19219/3 3/14 Total 84/0 ~U 36/8767/36 88/9 89/90 10/9191/92 9211 93/94 Total Rota, Cxch.TagRitat h.mt am2a22 =322 9222aIZm.I naga z ma,XXVV z*ga at,, rV222 gagII, M.ft-. V,,XW mu.r &-n;. ra-aMZ ama: Vegmas guar."maszar mauss "am gmat reacting a

AsCUIUIITION

MUhUATONMAYAIIN l.t 2.4 ------3.5 W, 2.1 - - 4.2 Oil 0.15 0.05 co *IuLLI a JIINS 0.3 .- 0.3 0.4 - - - - 0.4 0.5 0.55 0.05 cm EAMIWILL 5.7 51.1 - - - - 16.3 6.5 13.3 .- 20.3 0il 0.55 0.05 CM ROLOILLI FAdE M - - - -,6-.32.3 0,6 2.3…- - - -3.5 0.l 0.25 0.05 cv lbTotal ITRS 7.7 155,.3…. . . . .23.5 U3 ltS523.3 - - - -. -. 2. UPILLimT OCAWIIC oil 0.2-...... 0.3 0.l 0,31… - - - -0.4 eel o,15 0."5 CU 00 WANs1u5im 0.1 0.1 ------0.2 0,2 V - - -0,203- 0.f 0,25 0.051 cU Cust[ FAdIE 0.5 0.3…0.5 - - - ' 0.5 0,4…------0.6 oil 0.l5 0.05 CU am20 SDl 0,7 2S7…-3.4 Oil 3.4… 4.1 0.5 0,55 0.05 eV

lbTubl IP1EVAY, 344,4 1,2 442…-5.4 3. LIEROWIES E1WT1U 57,1 33,1-55.919il5 40.0 - -67.5 0.5 0.l5 0.05 IV TNUFfTATJU 0tt fly…2,3 0ld 2.1…- -- 2.1 0.5 0.55 0.0 cU OWlSLFActis 1.3 3,1…4.3 1.4 3.8… -- 5.2 0il 0,55 0.05 cU

MAb-TotalLIM CIWIELS Ile? 43,7-62. 21.6 53.1-75,5 &b-Total CVPVRITIIN 27.6 62,?-90s 31.6 fl,6-509.2 It DhILIlI I.5 3.5…4.2 1,3 3.3…3.1 0.5 0,25 0.05 MI C.EIFNTh 0.l 5-2.4 0.7 2.3-2.1 0.5 0s3 0,J El Is EUI3UICAIIUI 0.3 0.6…0.9 0,4 0o?…5.1 O.5 0,3 0.5 co toO.CIER rnam OSTS Os? 2-3.4M, 0.1 3.4-4,2 0,5 0,2 0.05 Die F, INOINRI AbIuhINuATuIat2,4 5,5-7? 2.5 6,3-3o7 0 0.05 0 cA TotalINK3TET COITS 32,776.6…509.4 37. 94,0…232,2 aM. m mammmme,gmmamaa..ainmmmast n.maV.ra,Mil a. mua.mamow VgmasVessel saava mt_a cum" a TOtal 32.7 76.6-594 37,2 94.0…535.2 mu.-mII g.mmm. mammamamum mmmm vmu.. urosmmumr maw- fata.. ra- mamawmaman a . smem =mumrarm mew-rmg marma

CH

MIM 17116~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WIIVAM U AOiNt - MT USxn ini mn NMi k4.iIl oi IA.!.^1 W4411A testib

las. Costs ulTtahIltdI ti i,Unlnmin IN llillim) __,___._ I milllion? i9...... _._. . _...... -.. .------.--- ne Fr# $M &Mrnsvu 64/35 i3 NM 1/ 11/ 9n Hn / 9I IIM 921J 91914Total 34A5 M/U MAY 7/1 119 19/ 911/91115 1M 92/1393mM Total laic [a. tax ie kumt 8.4 see 24111 as". "a.t s"l meet ag" ,8 IrfWr"sa @sm,j wCCSr" Smr" sogmg pat *wMrre ""r-r"ra l aal: 6"9 war 88111 *roo o-ls, W-82= gags--=

I. IMwinD Lul A. CIVILMS

CIVILVW - 3i3l,411.2 I3.3 3.6 353.1 112.3 *.1I.0 - - 237. 224.421.6 12.0 13.2 211.1 16.5 - -2t241.4 0.15 t,l 0 in ...... _... _ ....._...... ___._._____ hT id CIVILMS -13.4 161.215331 304. 110.1112.1 .2 - - 0W.0 -237.6 224.4231.6 172.0 143.2 216.1 16.5 9. iUiPIEIi -1,241.4

Ir E 0'. - m - - 1.5 5n9.551.5 19.4 1139.939. 29715 - 31.1 15.6 421.4 I02 1,220.9225.1 173.9 4.7113.1 0.05 O5 0.42 To M t_MrWr . . . 22.1 - 176.4 - I.2 - - M2'5 - - . 29.6 - 2171. - 39.0 - - 345,7 0f 1.32 0.U ITr 31M1 IUIPIUI - . - 74. 41.6 22.43.7 14724 - - - - -202.5 7.6 36.1 323.2 21.6 - - 1.1570 0.O5 0.3 0.3 DE .._.___.___._...... _ . ..._ ...... __...... _ _.._ _...... _._...... __.______bTsI lUI hI2I 9 .M - 96.713.415 713 73*2 726,4111.9 Sl.9 564 - 331.9 - 132.111543.2 11254.5 14324.7 13207.5 225.1 173.9 62M5.9 C.NlEIUIU MSAmlIHIIIIAlII 38.3 - 122. 20.6 92.2 70.3 712.9r 9.6 7,2 331.7 - 40 15. 26.6 133,2 110.2 122.3 10. 13.5 14.7 592.11 * * (A total INIIIIEI CIii - 524.011.1 29,9 12445941.2 1.0 793, 229.517.1 S5,2.4 - 213.20.2 390.41343.4 1 5071. 16143.2 M11.13 243.693.7 ,l13e,9

Tolll - 524.0174,1 269.9 1.244,5 94942 / .0 275 . 1 5,152W62354 - 240.230.4 1,41.41,507.3 3643.2 1W4i1.1 2436 19l37 3ill. s3 833 Oman 33sas83 s3a3 3w room3* 3* .33 3333* 83.. -- n.3*w r-rrr-' 3W.1's -r. a* ... me 7-3* 8j1231 ** - STaS,182

Jaar, 15 IM5 17117

IM I am RKLOWEtA - s UnV SV - n me ""CT kbulld Costt*lr

hi c"tsCm Talust lIr IudlrtCn enreis ...... (IS million) IRSHlillidnI PIn

e4/ns / 5u/3U 11/U /if 3/90/f 19/2 92/9393/94 Tudal 04/35351 U/S717/U0t/1f 11/T0 11/1I91/l 92/9393/4 Toal late [m fixeage AaUII magmauusia mammaamman mama 33333 38333 83333 mussSaims. amaa ama mci magmatsass assasmacas amiss sans twae-OtS m--i. Tos mas.s . *r*S wSgmg

I, IIPRSIIEILUSIS __ ...... A. CIVIL M5.05 - - 92.9t134, 0.1 65.0 - - - - - 1444145 144.42ftS Ilt, 130 - - - 1.0 0.2 0.3 e cv le E,NIECRIKAO AIISNISrtaTIu - - 5.2 7.4 10.6 e.5 5.2 - - 3n.2 - - &.4 9.9 55.4 13.4 t.9 - - - 5q.1 0 0 0 IA

total IMSIEINI CosIs - - 70.2100.4 145 1155410.2 - - - 5el l - - 109 151.5244.4 211.41t.L - - - CIO0 iSXs SgSts SanSt m8gaS2ams maYma s Smai. R-r *rai 2: sigma amass 22amass m4a3u-r3 ? Eis arW r*23c s,n rcncs- 4 Tautr - - 10,2100.4 145.5 115,4 70.2 - - - 501.1 - -£00. 154.5246.4 211.4 133.3 - - -54.0 1 mists annas maimtsaSris mcis sgats igiss- Sit g8a3s iitts gamma gaaag ae 3j35 wrrr its: mar- ream cas _a * =-n

_._._. ._ ...... ------....- _- .Iawt 130 Im l71JI

6 co 1336 AMA RIVERDELOPENT - WUMAI SiWA Sews Ccl NIO MU MUCT CtlW 1hSPOWE HOUS Detailedtost tblle

Parreters past Costs Tfitals-l------Can -iis…----- (RSNIllim)l IRSMll1ion M...... -- - -_ ------Canl. Fuer. Mt ur 8l/l ss13r6U3/7 87/N f/8 89/90 0/fl 1/f2 2/1393/f1 Total t/Si' ISU U/17 37/36fl/fl eS/90 N/fl 11/1292/93 93/14 total fats Exch.tax Ealt kcmmt :22222 222Z 22:S V::::: s:::: :.:: ::::s ::r r :rr:: :.?::=:: 2:::: ::::- :r: ::rr- :; r -r::::::= =:=:- rz::r __: asaar.-* g

I.1, TE13" COlST

A. CIVIL $S

CIVIL MIIS l3.3 20.9 62,7 9., 3J I, - - - - 190.0 15.9 27, Not0 No7 53.4 3.4 - - - - 275 0-15 0. 0.12 CV ...... _...... -. ------.. ------. - -- __-..---.. --- - __ - -- _ - - S31lo3alCIVIL CMI 13.3 20.9 62.? 5.9 32.3 1.9 - - - - 10.0 15. 27.0 6.0 39.7 I3.4 .4 - - - - 2n.5 1, EOUIPIENIII

IUPO KMRAIES - 63.6 - - 127.3127.3 121.3 146.3 25.5 19.1 66 - 74.9 - - 1916207.6 224.4 274. 509 0.51165.1 0.ff 0.15 0.12 To MAINIIRANMOYMR5 - - - 3.7 - 29.2 - 3.7 - 36.5 - - - 53 - 41.3 - 6.9 - - 59.30.05 0.1 0.12 If OIHKIWUJIMlIN - - - 317145.2 46.4 .5 - - 111. 24.667,6 15.0 16.6 - - 3,3.7 0.05 0.3 0.12 1f ...... _...... _...... __. __..___ _ StAS-TuhIUlPICP - 63.6 - 23.5172.4 201.3 136. e150.025.5 1p.1 791.7 - 749 - 29.6 A.?32i3J.3240.9 22. 50.9 0.51309.2 C. EIISIIEINi6Alt AMINISIEAtlOII 1.1 6.3 5.0 6.4 16.416.4 30.9 32.0 2.0 3.5 7ss5 3.3 7.6 6.2 3.1 23.7 rh.7 11.4 213. 3.9 3.1 120.4 0 0 0 A

TotalIIIE5i1EN1 COIS 14.4 93.367.7 ad,3 ?21.1221.1 14717 162.0 U.s 20.6 IiO0.2 17.030.6 94.2123.0 336.2 359.4 259.5 304.3 54.3 43.61s07.1 total 24.493. 61,7 36. 223.322. 34?162.0 27.5 20.6Ii060,2 17.0 309.S e4.2123.0 336. z359.4 259,1 304.3 51.3 43. 13.707.1

J.wa 15 3M5 31111 MWI AIV KW~ - J^A u~~~~~~~~~~Pte Cdlle CastI1i s ,

IN SUllen) 3Floillin Ihw

14/flN"U U/?7 P/N i10/1 1111 9 7/011/ n2/93 e/14 f In l /i 1/614Ull 07/UU/fl S71/91"/?l 95/11212/93 11/Ilhil lite 1ad. fox ola, Actsu asia macmama. gaim emae macamamga mma ama asgai m,'em ammammall *ranal,Stimi ciar# lama; mammamamma mcmi, iliac aiim ratw &,enf .aacn,t mini

AsCIYIL MS - - - 1.3 2.1 2,7 7.6 2.0 -107 * . - 2.1 S. . 5,4 4,5 26,10.15 0 0,12 tv o. 1 3O5C UCI,s I 24,040.0 50.0 15.0 38,0 119. 311170.5 4. 164. o1ff1 382.50.15 0.4 0.12 IrC Cs ENIItEERINSAn AMINISIRAIION 12,0 3.4 4.- 4- Is?3 1.0. . . 5,3 ),2 7.4 6.2 - 2.1 0 e o (A ..... l...... * ......

Total Il T COSIS - - - 73 45.556,1 5446 42 - 227.4 * . - 44,7 1.N10?01 lol? T20 - 432.r accac aimmaaimas mimic smica *aim ma S cii.ees .... aimma mini, imugi gilt;lr 1^; i, a fmialls Blsamiss Ital - - 7.I 5@$0 5. 544e432 - 272Z 412| ')N IJ.1 109? 240 - 412.4 wssgew g move e80.55 s alss Sense trrr Bar"e It-Rg Iwr41PR pssan WSasxs *segr WIT tstot *"144 Isr-3 alg%Seat s aXgas

...... -......

NOTEs OKVl tK1f t03 r0It119115s11N lilill TOMONA111 OfSUJIAI IS lltttU0 ASPWI OF PIXCI MST$t

. _. ._ ...... _. _. _...... Jaswarw5IS. lS 17119 WWA1Amiwi kY[LOIII - KWMA wIM WmO DMMI MIENPO.CI

h3a2Iw Costlibi,

UNwco3ts lutlal Irchtidir tominimes ...... InSmillion) (IS Hillion) N

14/8l 6/S /B? IlU711 /UI 9107"90/ 9 91/9W92if9 93/94 totl 14/ISIS/ISI/l f lS /0llY / St199 WP/I91/92 92/93 93/4 total #gil, Exc, tax pote Acceomi sa*Zl tamin utuss tusii s333s Eliza Samoagoa33 urrvr I?, 3t?P0 £trrt *.Dp "'am seats lueav mals, Itumop rrv.rt pro-An tutraud. 9448 trw Newmsann

Al UIW I 3 1WAII113WU1 1.2 ------1.2 3.5 5 0.2 0 0,10 SI NoLAND AIU3I3IIOII I KUI2LlAT30N 5,6 ...... Si 1,* . . 0,2 0 @0.0 LA C. IM16IMONITIW E-PASS ItWlL

INhKLEXMMTIII I LINING - 23,0 35,11133..5 . . . 73,7 .30,7 53,6 21..1. . . 0.0 0,2 0,3 9,3 IV rANICAiimN3 INSTALLSATES I IIIALMMIf - 1.4 3,4 12,-6 . . 4,4 . . 2,2 2,4 2.0 - - 5 0.2 0,3 Oil Co OTHERlI6LMO - 5.3 5.6 2I's 2I's 2.4 . . Us?,9 7,7 3,3 33,3 Ito? 4,5 . * .) 0,2 0.3 0,3 cv

Wh-tela INIGATISOEYE-PASS nMLl - 26.642.1 26. 12.9 4.0 - - -335. - 38.46M.9 42,3 22.01 7.5 . . . . 373*9 t. VAOMISAWTI OAM' FEIS...... U4,...... 43 53 ... .52 1, . 01 C

F2MMtVUI4. 01EIASVIhI - . 2-. 3-. 2.9 - - - - 49.3 So 22. 24, 26.- ,3 -- . - lb.? *2 0.2 0eV

anTiEV011S . . 1337 lie? 33,7 4.5 . - - 45.6 - 20,021.7 23.5 3.3 735 0.2 0,2 Oil LV

k*-Tskl. VAIS UWIE UN 4.3 29.2t 29.329.2 7.3 * 1. 5. 42.446.3 50,0 l3,d - 357,3 to JilLIlNhS Its li...... 3.6 2,3 2.5...... 47 0.20,5 0.0r55I Fs EOUJIPINI 3W li 1.5 1.62.... 6,5 - 2,1 2.2 2,4 2.6.. . . 94 0.13 0.3 0,3 [o Is COg,MICAItue 1.0...... 2, 2,3...... 3 0.2 0.1 O.$ Co HI 071313iWMiIlN1 WBIl 4,9 0.9 0.9 0.9 09 0,9 0 .9 0.9 -e - 7.3 li2 2.2 2.3 1,4 I,6 3.,7 3.6S 2.0 12,20,2 0.35 0.90 02C Is EJUIKERINBI AiMININSJRAIUI 0.6 2,5 5,3 4.5 3.4 2,0 0.2 0.2 - - 3.2 0.7 2,8 7.3 6.0 5.0 3.5 0,30.I f 23,4 0 0 0 [A

-. u...... uu su 33 uu .... i... ..uuu .. .u. .53...... ~ru#98...... 33...... 8 .tD .t... 388

JoIst 35.435,6 3~~~~~~~~~~~80.1; :?.? '6,033 2 0 3,0 - 257,3 39.047,0 335,1 9b 61.224.3 2,01 2.1 - - I.6

Jmwatu135 39M 11120 WMM IUIt kftWIEMt - SJhAA wrtWOW15I M tOW macvX

kalld Ctellable Parawlers To ltslncludird .c..n....nciu. IRS le9 IRSXllion) tfesuI

un/I5n5/3u 116/911 Il/N 1/1" / ttom /9292/93 03/ faidl 34/S IS/3did/ta W7/N /1113/"1/90/ " IM2/ t2/13 f3/14 Total hiO Cxch.fix late A4c ssassXasw 111,11. .4828w s ragass*a x assz2XVISr awst sw81a Sx.s:st*raw $1 321SZ22 :22s*a88CES *sw899 *WE a*LUR *sasx *-188 59118 4r.88499 6951t

A.WJItl1S - 2,3 6.I 1o 2.7 23.41 - 3.3 7,7 2.6 4,1 - - -- 1 0.05 4,2 0 so go FUINhINI - 15.4 28,2 34.1 33.4 2I. - - - -1307 - f.ll 34.0 473 50,2 31.9 - -23151- 0.05 0.2 0 Co C. IMINEEINISI AMINIS1INAII - 2.0 1.5 3.S 3.4 It.S - - - 31.3 2.2 4,3 4,7 5,0 29,5 -. 45,7 00 EA.0 ... , ...... ! ...... Taltl IMIhSIEIfl COSIS - 20.2 SI7. 39P539.5 31.4 - - - - 175.5 - 234 u.0 54,6592 4I5 - 247.0Wil Besanea sests asamse nman assa sugarF gyro wrean I sren xoerrs exs gasxx sees aras vj" wwmvra rmaree reuse averd ttikeas Zg lotl - 20.2 37. 31.5eS39 38.4 -- 175.5 - 23.6 43.054.6 59,24-.5 247.0 mssama. msssw *saili oeSs, Iaves, fa Ps rw t axaxa smaza saarz assss *sErt rousefw-rv rmr, vasts, ruses gssxm *gtew

Ja r 155IM 115121 lLlo 1361'II '.Jr ...... _._._.._...... _.. _ __...... _...... _......

M8a3o51* *:J Lila18A l 33333 3828J.9 JJi3w j831.5 8I.AJ.1 388.611 34 31s3 1 wa38s mana3 3s333 33343 3 s3t. 33333 3a3e seem3 33333

I'll Olt ?It It 6'1, '* l 'S Z'C ZO 6I tell 9 l*t all '1 t IlI*'C 6 1CPI 6 'C *t9 Ill'S Exxta qwsJit &1:Ja7 sgiag iess tests adivit HWV.12 a: !X !V .. i 3 Wav" ht1 g1g stae ssex #*gas 8xll's asBltats asse .88 &*gJsa.. Bass. t'li i't tt'C i'i1 t'' t'S tS t' 6'£ tIi P I'I 6I t't ri' 6' 'i' t'S 9'tPCISD1103AJ11Y5 t'I 1111ll .------...... -----...... --- ..-...... VI zo 3o 0 6.1£t 6 Ot CIECOlt III Lt I ii t Iti I 0 1 Et l 1 811 al1 III ell1 Olt Olt T, 1£ Olt f tISISSW31N311 ' l - - ro I0 91III li t I'0 oC t0 Ot - - 10 0*1 III III 1 IIIl 0 IO e SoONINIV MCI-"q NI E0 1@ 0 ['t - - ' O00'1 660 * o0 ['0 - - Olt - - 1'0 e0 ?IO Po 90 CIO - - 311"1L" INOIIVU3Jl NI IO rlo 0 ill - - - 90 O io£0 0 P0 CIO te 'O£ - - - ,o s10 CIO CIO sC CIOO NII" IMIM c%I ONINIVUY

61103LWMIfI5 It

333.338333*3 33.13 83333333 33333 M11J41 88144 ma314*114jj * 14313 33l*33 go33316 *38M.~6a24-1 14.1.* 83888 $*3 83333 383 33883 33333 38338 33338 33333 33338gme 1UM3'V&IlI 411 'PU] h)IV 11101*6/ti Cited i6/16 16/06W6/S dote Ollie M"/ N/Il SS/to 11lt i/l OU l/ClEd/Id 16/06 06/69 68/00Ol 11/IL/N9 P9/c Co/to pallem~~~~~~~~~~~~~~le ofww ~~~(USIUIHISW IWCIIIINSNIl as3ll' --...... t1I1...... 103 PuII I 11101 11,03___,

IA'- 3z/NI51SSV*1PIWJIIW:J 1103 IP'1"I U iIWuI IU tmfrW on UWm 130N13 IN WINlIMWI 5mm "ml11 ISIA

-SAW"M PmNo1 Mu 61(1 140 ACw9S111011I K9Vl.ilAtIIN hltell.d cotl 11.9.

IRSp19ilion) in6 million) P11,1V

64/fl 813/8,11/61"it? W1 11/11/61 11 /to" 9/92 *21Utf.1 4 tit l 64/65g ljjgf SIU U 67/U Mill 39*7 "/1I 111/7272/73 93n/ Toltl 114 Itch. lix till kewsl ssa.a am.. .. a.. s..., assaa asrrrrosa rrne assc asa u sag a8s88ssas ar 8 s4rr rrail, e*t*5rlg rr issag 1 1 9J28353UIt 9 ShSUt 515555 ¶P.Oh82 S:la;

A. LO 9K1I ZIIIJ9111 IN11*[% 03I A 943 4A361.5 405.2 26.3 2.0 - - - 9. S 10.1 5.6 46.253.5 41.1 3.5 - - - - 1349,6 0.1 0 0 LA 1. 1*. 1 - K3I1Einh(a I EN8I9L9610IIOOIES __...... UKIM.fIW6Il 1.9 1.4 3.3 4.1 *.6 - 1.31.7 4.? 5..0 0 *o LMKIU tAI 0.7 f.i 2.1 2,7 - 6.4 6.e 1.1 2.9 4.0 -0. 0.1 0 0 IA 1961Y911.5lWLOItK l39SA1106 9.0 13.311.1 7.3 42.6 10.3 1945 17.6 10.7 - 55,2 0.1 0 0 LA 011119169401116919.2 26.9 21. IS.6 - 9.9 722.9 3U .1 2I -3.1 - 119.2 0.1 0 0 lA

otlatl StAff - KMutnti(9 W L9IAIII 91611(U 30.0 44.4 4.7 271. - 131.0 34.4 55.3 43.0 43.1 - -- -- 4 C.5194 11 - MShIrt4Xl I MIf LITAIINl3011S . . . ___...... _ ..... soCILFr3s511 - 9.] 10.7 11.1 l. 1.2' - - - - 24 15.7 24,026.3 - - 95.9 0.1 0 I 'A LIAN.US16LA3 -. 2 7. 90.4 .5 6.6 - - 39,6 1.490,2 96,4 96,3 12.4 -u.1 0.1 0 I iA IS9U9NJw1N^S i NtKl 91691101 - - 22.1 24.2 32.2 3,5 220.529.4 -9-3-27.9 - - 30.)34 Sl.li 62.94,4 2 0.9 0 0 lA DINOI16II01 - 31.4 34.9 49.750,3 II6.0J3l. - - - 42.4 5l .0 14J.759.4 13.5 0.9 0 IAL

Ms16.1416S7 11 - MNIIrtDh I 3W9 It8L9769Mull - - 69. 71.1161.3 112.6 U.2 - * - *4.0 -1.S 112.41?0.4 194.2 127.5 - - AN6.7 1. 1SlAt9IffNl I 1111U WIIFIN 1I 1M92.49.2 41.4 59.2 11.4 II.J 64, * - 152.1 14.1 11.4 tS.3 7?.0 21.2 99,6 12.1 - 21 0.*.0 I IA

bIl.l 06199911£0611 136, 940.r52.2 362.9947,0 916l 7n.o - - 9U.60 954, 925.37196, 62.6 233.4291.4 940.3 * - - 2,496.4

fot 111.73 l0O.? 532.2 542i 947.0126.1 75.0 * - - I906. 154l6125.3 116.5 624.6 233,S 2974 110.3 - - - 21416.6 Csars 21SSZ Brt05ass s5as00 30arr"85 tsarr PrIs. frr7rs5am0 oSalCt5 s0330 r sgaussarrmits s*F58 Puis rrias rrtrss sass: sarett1ss.s

~~~~~~~~. ___...... _... .__...... _...... _..._...... _ ...... *...... JoAws IMa9965 1122 INDIA NWIAMRIVER KWLOIENI- ItJtDh S9RP SM AROM MAD POUER FROECT umaarcc ketamta by Year

list Costs (Rsmillion) ForeimExchwA .------...... ---- _ ---- 94/9595/96 U6/87 97/99 80/89 39/90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 Total I AAt muscl *33Z3 3333x3 3333331 14monver nrtaerrs smrrrrr 333s33s 311s313 users rraw.... apsa* rrur*r

If IIIU[lItII COSTS

A. EYI IJSI1ATION 1.2 - - - - 1.2 0.0 0.0 *. INOCMOUISIIIONI RlILITATION 142.4 100.7 532.2 562.9 147.0 126.1 75,0 - - - 1.664 0.0 0.0 C. CIVILUI"S 400.? 381.51015.3S 1.115.1 95.0 875.9 823.6 5.l 266.0 33.38 464.6 32.l 2,118.7 o. IUILDINSS 3.0 47.5 45.? f.8 2.7 - - - - - 1009 1.9 17.0 t. EWUIFMNT

1. CONSITRTION 3.0 fill 10.9 Ill7 19.7 18.1 16.7 26.9 8,5 2.7 127.1 16.9 21.5 2. GENERATION

TURN0ENERATORS - 36314 - - 726,3 M26. 726,8 S3;S; 145.4109.0 3,6331, 50.9 1,849.3 MAIN1RANSORIINERS - - - 25.7 - 205,6 - 25.7 - - 257.0 72.0 15.1 CIHEREOUIflINT - - - 925 413,2 6483 294,2 14,? - - e45.6 33.2 297.7 1OERS,CONDUCTORS2 I MIOWE - - - 24.0 40,0 59,0 48,0 38,0 - M9.o 42,1 35.0 ...... _...... _...... _. _...... _. 9Su-TotalGENERATION - 363.4 - 118.21243.9 1,041,1 972, t24.4 183.310Y,0 4,956.3 49.6 2M4O7. _...... -... ------.------...... ------..------...... ------...... ------&*-Tutal EDUINf(NI 3.0 37S.3 20.0 137. 12.263,6O09.2 999.6 94142 191.9111.7 5I0I3M4 47,8 20428,5 r. C NIIMICATIORS 15, 27.6 29.2 31.2 33.4 19.6 - - - - 161,6 22.0 35.6 GoOTHER INVESTHENT COSTS 9,3 I4,4 12.7 24.2 24.2 24,2 22.5 22,5 29.9 3.9 167,. I. 26,7 N,ENo INEER ING AIMINISTRATION 34.5 67.3 66,9 104,1 181.0 174.2 1455 122J 3Mo623.3 967? 0.O 0.4 i. TRAINING 0,2 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.1 1,1 I.O 0,4 - - 6.0 90.0 4.8 Jo TECOHICALASST13ANCE 1.O 3.1 4.6 3.0 3.0 i.6 1.8 1.6 l.6 2.8 23.6 90.0 18.9 _ ...... -----.... ---...... _...... ------Total 1ESTMNKTCO91S 613.91011.1 12737,5 149844 2,607.1 2W282.9 24039,0 1.U9.? 507,2184,5 24,63.4 31.7 4,650,6 TotalkASEItNE COSTS 613.91,08.1 12737.5 1*984,4 2.607,1 2.28,9 2,059401,669.9 507.214.5 24663.4 31,7 44650,6 thysical Continencius 0.5 100.6201.1 2129.212.7 195.1 166,1 120,4 46,013.Y 1,345.5296 393,5 ,. .4 PriceContin*ncIn 21.4 122I 418.6 704.41113.2 1W307711433.7 10326.5 477.5190.9 7o192,9 32.1 2J307,9 IC . _. .. _...... TotalMIECI COSTS 721,12,2412, 2357.4 2e907.7 4M002.6 30774.7 3.65841 3,126,7 2,030.5 38Y.4 23,20128 31,7 7t357.0 I - xxxxx 3axsx1xsxss saxa 333 x3333 rrr re3r33s m333333 s31r113 uauwtur frrel r&r.srrrr 333aw3 3s3s3ss3s Tam 26.4 175. 71.2 11295 613,3 59,2 622.1 6335, 142.39746 3,122,1 0.0 0.0 ForunmExeha 81l6 3S3.2 4627 60.2l 12340,02,432.l 10320.8 12259.4 36494133,8 7l357.0 0.0 0.0

Juir, ISI 1ms 17123 INIA nA RIIVER YS0( M - 6WI T BNS imA mmNolFM" MilOe SumamrkAccnts bh Year Totals IncludinsContinsencies IRSHilliun) ------...... 84/85 95/8686/87 87/S8 08/8? 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/9393/94 Total sags.axxsx.m sa... uunusu asnamsUxrJru rr.jrIIrTioIrcr rrrrz.u ENxKEE s3ma3 *ZIrrxaI

1. IINJESTMENTCOSTS

A. SWWYI INVESTIGATION 1.5 - - - - IS-

S LANIACOUISIlION I RHABILITATIOI 163.9 125.3 719,5 82446 233,6 217.4 140.3 - - - 2423A6 C. CIVILVMRES 477es 489,01v390.0 1,658.0 1,530.7 1,513.9 1.527#1 1,137,8 554.9 123.3 10,402.2 D.HUIJDIKS 3,6 63,2 65.9 2.6 4.1 - - J139.3I M EtEQUIPMENT

t. CCISTRUCTION 36 15,7 14.5 31.l 33H9 33.7 3307 36o4 1945 6&6 22897 0 2.GENERATION

TURBO6ESERATIRS - 414.8 - - 1,067,25t549.0 tv225,9 1,496.4 275.9 219.4 b.B49,0 MAINTRANSVCAERS - - - 34,7 - 324,8 - 46.0 - 405,5 OIHEREQUIPMENT - - - W27,1 735,2 l5l.0 33Ws7 27,6 - - 1034046 TOuRs.CONDIXERtS I HARIWIARE - - - - 39.1 70.5 94,? 96.9 81,3 - 382.5

Sub-TotalGENERATION - 414.9 - 161.81,84145 Is655,2 1.660,3 15667o3 357.321944 74977o7 ...... Sub-TotalEOUIPMENT 3,6 430,5 54.5 192.9 1,975.31W689.0 1#694.0 1,70J,7 376o8 226,0 80206.4 Fs CSNRUIICA1IIS 22.9 3407 36.0 47,3 50,2 31,9 - - - - 223.1 O. OTHERIN ESTMENTCOSTS I1.S 19,1 17.1 38.4 41,7 45.2 454 49,6 24d7 9.4 301.4 H. EMGINEERIN6I ADMINISIRATION 34.0 76.1 109.1 138,7 261,5 272,9 247.5 223.0 71.1 27.3 1463.1 1. IRAININ8 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.6 I.S 0.6 - - 8.2 Jo TECIUICALASSISTANCE 1.0 3M4 5,4 3.8 4.2 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 32.9 ...... lotmiINWESIIENI COSTS 721,81.241.9 2,337A4 2#907.7 4,002.9 3,774.7 3.659,9 3,116.7 1.030,8 399.4 23,201,S

TotalPROJECT COSTS 725.91,241.9 2,357.4 2,907.7 4,002,9 3,774.7 3.659,9 3.156,7 1s030 389.423,201.98 pangs BanSan ansUwas ZJaRsur *gxx"sa gananx as-aarr arga:trt toluctLA rtanwau etstS i

_J.______1.._.__._._._... 0 _ .______._. _a&awwu__ _UZCzmuzum._a...._,__urn..__,___.___ .. . _. Jmnuaru15. 1995 57524 liD~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~ ......

tlosi 1181111 'illnw$f~~~~~~~~1111tN

9'O441L'L *Lt'Lur -. 1S 6, 11,-0K sld61 4'Ut fon - r'elief' *lti i*@n'tSI M lJqJXJW i3J till6*1 BUZZ ------t------t ------BI--'t ------ilt---

cm e* 6,1IfiI't mitil f9 ci - irrel si/c tO? iict 'l tlilCiaral 6I;apJIU;) 3 03i 3 60 0 t ttlf' lIn- t - -IPI'E PIT 4146 - iair lOt1 6000 SIIIl 113 13133MI4

£4-1111IO'l *n' 91t %,iLl - it -litt tiN'll siK iltfl' 0101 Vlt'S6 lSaINIVNJI13WI ltisl

*i** ig 11,11------DM3151itW3t110t31 If 0*0 i #1e -0* #I?------NI3jV3j 33 O@6 ISS9 - -IIIf I.1 - I'9l Ilk (i'l Iltf 4i~ 114£t Wliticvisitl* I *mi331i143NIN I'f Bat *jl - - - 11T.(- iIf 3lifl SIslOLNIWIINI 31430 1 liD ll Il4 v'1 3 ---- Il01' ~ P Sl1mhIvitw'am2*s 0" ItM 1SI P'FN'S - 1- 043Lt - I31 t tllaloofdtIUIM 3't'1-911

S*Lfl I's f156Q - --- I6 £*IAL - - ifr - - N1tihluIfljl'tOPl-q

VEt 091 11,"I - 111,-I alI - LtI - 3 IllCN3ISdtUi30

LI 's r;Biip if9 -- - 163 SNl 91143mki19n

I'vil NQ1~~~~IB3ulIu3*3

Cit ILl aNt- - tit - 9t ------it 9344 19311119616~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11"111 4i43j 91 - iI £0 it 99 @0u0 ~ f' jf 1tlo Is3

£193Set t'; im i - I's - --- *IilvlItUtN I EttIlifIrn 41111133

.- S la3f 13,fl3iis 3333 nn nn f...ew. s..ans....3*3sa..it.i Jea**..... a...... &..333333333a33..5.333333333 .. 1333333 33*33331 piq it'tf *hPltI MJ jUjjj 339 3(545 $Bimei 913311 399105 3114 ?,W3 .19034 10mG ff9 MEW WIltUNS- IRISISI W 113903301303MV Ow SiM J19,-fI WipllO UNlS&'33l 193mw) 303633 NIW 11431411 1431 11331964 si~~~~~~~v3mn 011un 1131133

13Iwuig- sfo04 3A1433WmA WriSE IINvm 211316 WA AI[I kWLOPECNT- IMAJAT SAMSAWAMmm MO tat MVIT project Cbwflts by Year IRSH211m1)

Total lost Costs .. __ ...... _.~...._...... -. ----.- -....-----.-.-.--.------...... stl 64/1565/6 U1/7 17/116 /39 89190 90/91 W1/ 92/93 93/94 RS Million

A. MIN m 413.5 IU I 770.0 K57. 730.1 no.0 734.5 6U.9 305.3 6U0 5419.2 455.6 3. bOWILLSUM I LINKEUWNS 32.7 74.0 - - - - - 109.4 9,1 C. IEUMI POhIEU - 524.0 174.129.9 1.244.15941.2 m71.0 793.2 129.5 7.1 5,52.4 42'.4 t. IAUhEUK 17 - - 7t.2 100.4 145,5 115.4 70.2 - - - 501.0 41.3 E. CANWAEANIOUSE 14.4 92.3 07.7 3.$ 221.1 221.1 147.7 W12.0 27.5 20. 2060.2 MO] F.aTRAMI5ION2f SYSTEB - - - - 27.3 45.5 50.9 54.0 43.2 - 227.4 1119 U. '/lIMSlLE Wt I SYE-f,ASSlU1 15.4 3510 30II 62.? 4t.0 13.2 .0 1.0 - - 257.1 22.4 N. HlM0(TEORL0IC.L NETCK - 20,2 37.1 31.5 19.5 38.4 - - - - 175.5 14.6 It TRAINIIN I ycCiMIi. ASSISIWE - OM 1.2 1.0 5.3 4.1 4.1 2.9 2.S 2.2 l.e I.6 29,0 2,5 J. LANDAMCUISIiIIN I RIIMILITAlIOI 236.7 100.7 532,2 562.9 147, 126.1 75,0 - - - 20805 140.1 l11ll 30512.2COSTS 113,912018.11 737,5 U91.442407.1 2,261.9 2.05 l.016.t 507.2 3.slS t14663.4 222. rvsialc Cntiilniscln' 60.5 100.1 20.1 I21.9 2212,7165.1 IU4.I 220.4 4U.Ol3.9 2.345,5 112.1 Price cantlindles 27,4 122.9 416S6 704.4 IIB3.l I.J07.7 12433,71,320.5 4,7,5 190.9 7,1fi.9 5Wit4

Toltl VIOCT COSTS 721.l 1,241.92,351,4 2,607.7 4.002.9 3,774.7 3,656,3 3,16.7 12030.3 339.4 23,201, 1,133.5 33313 5733 333318-;, 3334,33; .sa1331 #33333 3.1134. 3334333383.8383t58 311333 3333333*a:ax Taxe 29.4 175.1 71.2 12.5 6733 569,2 62221 U35.1 141.3 37,6 322.1 2U0,2 Fotwin Excham 813. 353.2 462.1 W0IT,2340,0 1.43i6 12320,12,259.4 364o4,4336 7.3570 023.J

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------.

TotalsIflCudira Cmtniluctclc (Illmillion)

/S 3/6U627 U 17/ U1/1 3/90 90191 91M 92/3 *3/94 Total Z$l|"a"$sas g $lgs lgg ."N'$%. ... .Jga ... VW%W AsMAIN WI 40.5 227.12,034.3 1,250s.4 2.24718 21309,0 12343.5 21m25,4 637.1 146,7 3,663,6 to ROWILLD1 I LIEKO0ws IS 37.2 4.0 - 13102 C. bIINUI JSE - 022.5 240.2 390.4 ,348.412507.61 1,13.2 1,411.1 243.019.7 6olito9 i. CA S If wu - - 100.9 156.5 240.4 211*4 138.6 - - - .'1* E. C tEA3 FOUMS 27.0 10.4 94.2 1226.0 3362 3b9.4 . 259.5 304.1 54 43.6 12707,211 F. tmI Is2CUSYSTEM - - - - 44,2 79o W0IT 109o7 920 - 432f6 I. IWMI SlUltE1 I 13-POSS AI2ll 11.0 47.0 115,1 "1, 32,2 24,3 2,0 221 - - 3811. N.HNYllt OKlOIItCMKIfl - 231IS 43,0 4.0 1.2 2.5 - - -- 247.0 It 1)1112N111N1GI ltk ASSIS2IMU- W I I.2 3.9 6.2 52 5.7 4.3 4.4 3,6 3.2 3.4 41,2 J. LM ACQUISIUIONI I BILITAlION 2I5. I3S2137258.5 24.6 233.0 227,4 140.3 - - - 2,41,e6

Totaliioicr COSIS 72121. 241.92,357.4 2,907,7 4,002.6 30774.? 3658.11 3.226,7 1,030.3 38.4 234202.3 Januatw25,g"mg 1a965 27220 *" *"|2|lasfi arF a al ttx aar,"

Jn 15,1 M 17124 INDIA

VAMAlRVER DEVELOPMENT - UJAUTI SARDARSAROVAR DAM AND POVER PROJECT

Estimated Regurrent Oneratiog and Maintenance Costs (Rs Millions)

84/85 85/86 86/87 87/88 88/89 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94

Investment Schedule 722 1242 2357 2908 4003 3775 3659 3117 1031 388 (with Phys. & Price Contingencies)

Accumulative 722 1964 4321 7229 11232 15007 18666 21783 22814 23202 Investments

Operation & Maintenance Rate/Factor v0 0 0 0 .001 .002 .003 .005 .005 .005

Total Estimated Annual O&M Cost 0 0 0 0 11.2 30.0 56.0 108.9 114.1 116.0

v/ Based on a rate of 0.1% of the cumulative investments at initial operation in 1988/89 and increasing to 0.52 at full development in 1991.

ID4

H -99- IllIIA Table 19

MARMADARIVER DEVELOPMENT - 6UJARAT SardarSarovar Dam nd Ponr Project

Sharingof ProjectCosts Amnag Party States (RsMillion, in currentprices) Fiscal Year 8418585/96 86187871/9 99/09 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 Total Co>mpent…------mainDan 491 217 1034 1250 1149 1309 1344 1285 637 149 9964 Lnd Acquisition/Resettlement 157 125 719 825 234 217 140 - - - 2417 YadgmSaddle Das 9 23 55 47 39 12 1 1 - - 197 Irrigation BypassTunnel 10 24 60 51 42 13 1 1 - - 202 Rockfill Dykus& LinkChannels 37 94 ------131

RiverbedPowerhouse - 622 240 390 1948 1508 1663 1411 244 194 9120 CanalbeadPowerhouse 17 110 94 128 336 359 260 305 55 44 1707 garudeshuarWeir - - 101 157 246 211 139 - - - 854 Transmission Lines - - - - 44 80 107 110 92 - 433

Hydroaet.orologicalNetwrk - 24 48 55 59 62 - - - - 247 Techn.Assist.& Training (D) 1 4 6 5 6 4 4 4 3 3 41

Total 722 1242 2357 2908 4003 3775 3659 3117 1031 309 23202

Total, in USSMillion 66 113 214 264 364 343 333 283 94 35 2109

FunctionalShares

PowerComponent 405 985 1453 1968 3275 3023 3004 2549 750 323 17635 Irrigation Cuponent 317 233 856 985 668 690 6S5 567 281 67 5320 Other 0 24 48 55 59 62 0 0 0 0 247

Total 722 1242 2357 2908 4003 3775 3659 3117 1031 3N9 23202

States' Shares

MadhyaPradesh (all power) 231 567 840 1079 1882 1739 1712 1453 427 194 10114 naharashtra (all power) 109 272 404 518 999 932 911 698 202 97 4823

Rajasthan(all irrigation) 17 19 60 68 52 52 34 30 15 3 350 gujarat - poaer 65 163 244 313 539 499 481 408 120 52 2993 Gujarat - irrigation 300 220 809 931 631 653 620 538 266 63 5031 Gujarat - subtotal '65 383 1053 1243 1170 1152 1101 945 386 115 7914

Total 722 1242 23S7 2908 4003 ;775 3659 3117 1031 389 23202

States' Relative Shares (in 1)

MadhyaPradesh (all power) 31.9 45.7 35.6 37.1 47.0 46.1 46.8 46.6 41.5 47.2 43.6 Naharashtra (all power) 15.1 21.9 17.2 17.8 22.5 22.0 22.2 22.1 19.6 22.4 20.8 Rajasthan (all irrigation) 2J 1.5 2.5 2.3 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5 Gujarat (irrigatimn and power) 50.5 30.9 44.7 42.8 29.2 30.5 30.1 30.3 37.5 29.5 34.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -100- Table 20

INDIA

SARDA&RSAROVAR DAM AND POWER COMPLEX

Estimated Disbursement Scbedule (US$M)

IDA Fiscal Year During and Semester Semester Cumulative

1985 2nd 6.3 6.3

1986 1st 10.0 16.3 2nd 18.2 34.5

1987 1st 25.0 59.5 2nd 25.1 84.6

1988 1st 27.0 111.6 2nd 30.0 141.6

1989 lst 25.0 166.6 2nd 25.2 191.8

1-9-0 l:t 25.0 216.8 2nd 25.9 242.7

1991 1st 10.6 253.3 2nd 10.0 263.3

1992 1st 9.5 272.8 2nd 9.0 281.8

1993 1st 6.1 287.9 2nd 6.0 293.9

1994 1st 3.1 297.0 2nd 3.0 3U(.0 -101-

Table 21

INDIA

SARDAR SAROVAR DAN AND POWER PROJECT

Loan & Credit Allocetion

Cate&ory Loan Credit

__-US$NA---

Works 184.405 92.310 452 of expenditures for 5 years and 15% thereafter

Training 0.470 0.23D 100%

Technical Assistance 1.800 0.9OO 100%

Hydrometeorological Network (a) Works 1.499 0.735 70% (b) Goods 8.491 4.165 100% of foreign expenditures, 100% of local expenditures (exfactory cost) and 70Z of local expenditures for other items procured locally

Unallocated 3.335 1.660

Totals 200.000 100.000 -102-

Table 22

INDIA

NAMADARIVER DEVELOPNENT- GUJARAT

SARDAR SAROVARDAM AND POWER PROJECT

Pri9ritv ListinI of Wgrk Plan Topics of the Narmada Planning Graou

Priority Study Item or Tolic

1. Resettlementand rehabilitationplans, includingsuitable financialand institutionalarrangements

2. Watershedmanagement (with assistanceof GOI, GOMP, and GOM). including development of an "Aforestation Plan" for reservoir and adjacent area to achieve higher production base and improved environments(e.g., reduce sedimentation,etc.)

3. Study of project-relatedcomputer needs for planning,design, projectmanagement, e.g., informationmanagement, procurement, scheduling,and other relatedneeds

4. Management information system requirements (with 3 above) administrative, planning, design, procurement, scheduling, and general engineering data retrieval systems 5. Communication -nd operational control systemsplan (with3 above)

6. Projectwide manpower requirementand trainingprograms plan -103- Table 23 Paste I

INDIA

NARNADARIVER DEVELOPMET - GUJARAT

Incremental Azricultural Production

A) By Volume

Future Future without with Incre- Present proiect Proiect mental

...... ~0D tons......

Foci Crops

Rice 49 61 515 454 Sorghum 115 134 487 353 Pear millet 230 277 653 376 Wheat 181 250 1409 1159 Pigeonpea 36 41 56 15 Other pulses 35 41 152 111

Total 646 804 3272 2468

Cash Crops

ustard 13 15 75 60 Groundnut 56 67 310 243 Vegetables NA NA 1793 _ Tobacco 40 55 109 54 Cotton, med. staple 135 199 1057 858 Cotton, short staple 227 265 61 -204 Fruits NA NA 1269 - Fodder 2502 2977 4677 1700 -104- Table 23 Pare 2

INDIA

NARMADARIVER DEVELOPMENT- GUJARAT

Incremental Agricultural Production

B) By Value a/

Future Future without with Incre- Relative Present proiect proiect mental Increase

...... -00 tos......

Food Crops

Rice b/ 115 143 1208 1065 748 Sorghum 190 221 756 535 242 Pearlmillet 356 429 1011 582 136 Wheat 335 463 2606 2143 463 Pigeonpea 112 128 175 47 37 Other pulses 123 146 457 311 213

Subtotal 1231 1530 6213 4683 306 Cash _rops

Mustard 59 70 346 276 394 Groundnut 218 261 1206 945 362 Vegetables V* 1543 * Tobacco 203 281 556 275 98 Cotton, med. staple 717 1053 5601 4548 432 Cotton, short staple 930 1087 250 -837 -77 Fruits * 952 Fodder 313 372 868 496 133 Other crops SI 202 233 639

Subtotal 2642 3357 11961 8604 256

Total 3873 4887 18174 13287 272

aJ At projected farmgate prices (1995), in 1984 rupees. bJ In terms of paddy price and production. cJ Includes vegetables, fruits, clusterbean and non-specified other crops in present and future without project; castor, condiments/spices, sugarcane and other non-specified crops in future with project. -105- Table 24

INDIA

NARMADARIVER DEVELOPMENT- GUJARAT

Rexional Changes in Averaze Net Farm IncomeCrom rop roucion

Increase Future with- Future with over over ReAtion Present out project proiect Present FWOP ...... s..Rper ha of net CC&...... (Z) (Z)

1 1166 1403 8147 599 481 2 1733 2310 8744 405 279 3 1034 1246 7158 592 474 4 919 1040 2224 142 114 5 1683 2054 8123 383 295 6 1256 1598 8432 571 428 7 907 1021 3923 333 284 8 1080 122.2 6535 505 435 9 1073 1212 6762 530 458 1O 925 1048 6101 560 482 11 950 1142 3257 243 185 12 868 979 6533 653 567 13 984 1118 6196 530 454

Average 1097 1325 6401 484 383 -106- Table 25

INDIA

NARMADARIVER DEVELOPHENT- GUJARAT

Proiected Channe in AveraRe Incomes and Land Rent from Crop Production

Increase Future with- Future vith over over Present out project project Present FWOP

...... Rs per ha of net CCA...... (Z) (Z)

Farm Familv Income

Gross revenue 2163 2727 10046 364 268 Non-labor cost 732 966 2594 Interest aJ 63 84 225 Labor bJ 490 629 1305

Farm profit & rent 878 1048 5922 575 465 Family labor c/ 219 277 479

Net farm income 1097 1325 6401 484 383

Value Added

Net farm income 1097 1325 6401 Hired labor income 271 352 826

Net value added d/ 1368 1677 7227 428 331

Land Rent

Farm profit & rent 878 1048 5922 Risk allowance e/ 649 818 1507 Management fee fJ 23 23 442

Implicit land rent 252 253 4857 1827 1820

Project Rent (Incremental land rent): Rs 4604/ha

a/ On working capital, at 13% p.a. over average period of 8 months. bJ Hired and family labor, at is 7.5 per manday. cJ Imputed cost at Rs 7.5 per manday. dJ Farm profit/rent t family labor income + hired labor income.

WNIjJq wl.'oj 'NlolU ISV. 6*i0 95W4 i1414l 90&U'll*l?itl *'lu9il @111111Vl,aitl 9 lqG1c 'll 0'tiot 11 l'llu' r cz ili'sl ti'l C*UI recl *,lWct mlC ?t cXl wil tI? 6f11I 941 fl't PIt 'Ll g11ll §isi zloL IS' lVWlf sliII VSL rll* I'm Sll lUt SU tIN AIC4 illit VIll sli VL 01441 $I1703IZ370 tiol° 'littll 'dlot'Gtl Viat 1'dt Iesl stlui 41/CIt el'd1§1V41111 ittl£8 t'tU§I ilCIt'i VI@T111t@#11|F iltiSli $4114 61698I 41tt"OI tUI 'si tis9110t6*6tf Lt044 Pllot ..s...... _...... us . st.S..n ,,,t.as t,_. ,,,,,_. _, ...... ,_...... u...... *,l . o C uSIL ('LS ?UL 5011etWua tllLl gtft' Lfe *L'St*'t 6'P93 (Sil@l LON'9iI'ltL't 6*5',|j l'flLi l'I *'*s 9'59' 65f 1111 S|tOLS c*zi'i ggm *u ett 6luL *9I 1813i"UgV3m31mAU -4t's1 ;'ue'e *;1 t't 'tt l"U ifti t'l s t'Us' i s|t glu trin ra tu; mIles lt?c sa Xn viw 1109 Vits *'11it

...... -...... -- _ ., . _ . . . ._. . . _ ...... _ ...... -...... f'U 1'911 SliI S'1t9 L'Uit L'OO 'lni /1 NO11tlVim|m I wow aniSIm IN 15*1 5'4 g . , , , , ...... - - - - C'f I W -. jgItn 7.113j 1 gIjIVj,u n C'? I'L4 Ul C'li's III (I II II III 4'1 Il UC LI ('I £I V$i 1i i'C Il'1 1'1 C'I TM SIl , ...... - - - I'M i'Sr 55f 'Ll 2LU * lill| '110110a. 11 1101J 1j,7 11 ttin I'uScig - ?'OS S lt Pll 13(t 1,41 011* £1 (SoY I'll 4'KC cUt I'lC1 C'UC v'ZI en 5*? -n ma Swd-]Il 1 iwo 34W INoPM'r ------'l 91l I'll lo't ^( ll l' il ¶11 flt (lis - - - - pqflg5gmwu, I *iiniiwslgl'm Sh*L'l1116*5K $411 tSf1 L'ti I,0595 It.'flISIS illicitVC4im tOLYIi l'AlI'1 L'Ll@'S 61115', CL516'l f1Ll I'ii 6'ft581Iffa Vll( gloltf'tsi Ila I'll I111, l'ic 0951 510 4111i VisL? I 119 11,1ftI '0m5 I'7sL Lllit 61 1 ,6*1I tlt 113Of1W o'r' Ill"J& . . 'i VW1 gLII filL 5391111 U111155w09 I . s *I . s f' 1 *'ll£ 614 £esuiI'lt s 1* |I **tS5 N ' clog5'*;6 *(gu"t --". s . s 1 s V f@U tXi 11b |f uc leO1 I'll I'll emil- amli i'iuc (*3(I'l ras6. il'1. pl w 131SI0ISIt. i-*tt, S*o * . i'm'm'i . -.. . . . --. . . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~os. ga~~VI. a'X ~izi*sn s';il s'"*'9; ll'I n 1 3 it 411nl ------. . - r * I 11m IWN311 01'U olw1@tU P' S'UII e lu fis 110 ltol z§u1- li lt - NilZ39SHII@I't slu *3} 1 Ill P441i { +l@R *1 t@||z6484§t flit ;,Lt lti ' lIl;; t SW t l'59 LIIIr 10 It emss 1'41119 . . - .14 j4 5109 sss. naud. Wmnns .s .5...... s...... as Slse$ u set..us....s snuns. .,...mm r.sun . . u.s. ama ..rtum ,m r* JAR. Issusus .2.2555 ... *As-mess.sas (WIliE Il "I/WI 5111541W"Itto tSlISl eoll/Il lt9l0l OGI/U6 "I" i/i Una 161A s1/lS1/IA flls Sd/1S In1LI/SMr d a uWife LIl" 11/1 WM sM) ------. - --- .--- ...... -- u... .-...... - ......

*J*5F4 %jm~w4f3I'"A 1tXm - INe7>@fi111 nlulw INDIA

NHA&ADARIVER DEVLOIDHENT - CUJAU

MATERbELCIIEkI MD LAIA4CEFROAECT EsilsalediIIcur,ent Oe'naltIn. HnI,naaen c and In,Eli Ccci (slIRi111imI

...... _.. ___ 1995-199 1997 I998 1999 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 H99199 1 Iff 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052006-2034 ...... _ ...... IfPlECMWIATIOiSCIEILE fin iWos,nd hal ...... Not CCAVak Cowltted - - 9.0 44.0 101,0 172.0 269.0 388,0 521.0 i80.0 861.0104170 1213.0 1419.0 1605.01729,0 1851,0 1370.0 - - Not CCAIrrisated . - - - - 172,0 269,0 388,0 521,0 i6O.0 I66.01047,0 1233.0 1439.0 1729,013,0 18J53.0 1670 --

ESTAILISH1fNTCOSS _...... ProJectOffice - - O.l 0.1 o.l 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.S 0,6 O. 0.9 1.0 I.I 1.2 1.3 1,3 1,3 Iceional Offices - - - ' 0.1 0,9 1.4 I,. 2,1 2.8 3.2 3.8 4,2 41, 5,2 5.4 5,1 54 5.4A 514 MeDiv. I Dist. Offices - - 0.2 0.3 0.6 1,3 1.9 2.4 3.2 4,5 6.0 4.t 9,2 9,9 10,8 II's 11. 12.7 3ll,h 11. 13.5 DivisionOffics - - - 1,6 5, 10.,9 21.6 32,4 4,2 51.0 6413 75.6 6,1 97,2 l0i.0 129,1 J29,6 129,6 129,d 129.6 129,6 Disiricl Offices - - - - 7,6 16.2 32.4 54.0 75.6 97,2 IU,S 140.14162.0 179.2 139.0 205.2 210,2 21332 213,2 211.2 210.2 Iock Offices - - - ' 544 16.2 32.4 413.2 54.0 64, 75.6 92,9 101,0 124.2 140.4 15d,6 173,2 115,O 115, 1i5., 185.i Plant Oerations ------0.1 0.1 0.1 0,2 0.2 0.1 0.3 014 0.5 0.5 0.5 cOI cATlIOIIIS/CNlRIaCOSIS H ...... valer tCnvvance - 1.0 113 1,6 13. 4.9 4.9 7.5 9.7 1H,2 11,2 14.9 37.5 20.3 20,1 22.4 22.1 22,1 224 22.4 22.4 90

ILIE IUINIIEIUIICCOSTS ...... ConisicliveUse Veils ------0. 0,3 0.9 1.6 2,t 4.2 6.0 6.0 10.0 13.9 133. 14,0 Draan. V.33. ------0.1 0.3 0,2 O.3 0O. 0.6 0.9 1.0 3.3 1.2 ...... _ ...... _...... _._ ...... _._ .... ._ ------.. - ___._ lill a1t Col - 1.0 1.5 3.7 20,7 49.9 94.2 141,0 61.3l234.6 284,2 335,6 319s3 437.7 476.5 536.2 575, 5U,5 569.3 593.1 592.2

CIEROTCOSTS ...... Coei1catios - - - - 0.3 0.3 0,2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0,7 0.9 3.0 1.2 1.3 3.3 113 133 113 Conjnctive Us WVls ------0.4 2,1 6.3 11,9 19.5 30.1 44.1 58.9 73.9 Mil 95.6 103,0 DrainageVeils - 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.9 3,1 5.0 7,1 9.5 13.31 14.0 1514. 316 Saurasitra rnch Litt ------69.5 304.20 125.0 390 I397,0 339.0139.0 139.0 KutchOranch Litt ------2 3.6 4. 4.0 4.0 4'0 4.0 ...... _...... ------Totl l neriw Costs Ot Os . 4 Oi Ott .. 2,1, 7,t.. n^ 14,5* , 93.l 1IU, 111,0 212,4 .230,0 215,1 255,1 2Ui1

...... *sggSslsttsXsssstlXsa,...... B ...... zg $a.."... S...... z TOT.N NNAL COT 091 3.0 3.5 3.7 20.7 50.0 94.3 141,3 388.3235.5 283,0 343.41403.9 530.3 623.5 713.1 ?88,3 9l6,6 634.9 646. 656.

...... , ...... _. _...... _ _.. best0or 19, 3984 10125

I I-4 INDIA

NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT - GUJARAT Economic Cost and Denufit Streams

PROJECT COST (Rupees fl llions) PROJECT DENEFITS NET ------BENEFITS Year Dam and Power Irr-igatlion ToLal Power Irrigation M JI Water Total Reservoir Facilities Facilitiuu Sanefite Donefits Benefits Benefits

1 400 409 153i8 997 - - 0 -997 2 216 5069 743 2029 - - - 0 -2028 3 959 1060 1391 3410' - - 0 -3410 4 1066 1123 1725 3914 - - 0 -3914 5 830 1693 2073 65b6- - - 0 -4616 6 (326 990 22S6 40(o0 - - 0 -4080 7 772 1099 2505 4374 - - 0 -4376 B 590 762 28I2 4164 - - 0 -4164 9 302 98 3021 3421 - 159 18 176 -3245 10 123 100 3391 3614 3237 445 16 3700 0b 11 62 26 3404 3492 3935 1001 34 4970 1478 12 52 26 3285 3363 3809 1b95 34 5530 2175 13 52 26 3070 3156 3651 2511 110 6280 3124 14 52 26 2986 3064 3470 3537 191 7206 4142 15 52 26 3266 3344 33A7 4625 191 8183 4839 16 52 26 2525 2603 3345 5494 191 9030 6427 17 52 26 2215 2293 3322 63E11 191 9894 7605 10 52 26 IE317 1895 330u 70C1 504 10965 9070 19 52 26 1676 1756 3205 7990 504 11067 10111 20 52 26 1547 1625 3272 13816 584 12672 11047 21 52 26 149?1 1569 3260 9772 504 13656 12047 0 22 52 26 1407 1485 3248 10573 504 14405 12920 If 23 52 26 1367 1445 3236 1099G 949 55580 13735 24 52 26 137S 1453 3224 115314 949 15407 14034 25 52 26 1303 1461 .3213 11455 949 55617 14156 26 52 26 1390 1469 3142 1156b 949 15657 14189 27 52 26 I'll' 1491 3071 11.58 949 15567 14107 28 52 26 1409 t497 5000 11664 1306 15970 14483 29 52 26 1417 1495 2929 11739 1306 15974 14479 30 52 26 1424 1502 2050 11013 1306 15977 14475 31 52 26 1436 1554 2707 155& 1306 15979 14465 32 52 26 1422 1500 271b. 11947 1306 15969 14469 33 52 26 1449 1527 2645 11940 1631 16216 14689 34 52 26 1375 1453 2574 11976 5b31 56181 14728 35 52 26 1304 1302 2503 11974 5631 16108 14726 36 S2 26 1304 1392 2432 11972 5b31 16035 14653 37 52 26 1304 1302 2361 51971 1635 15963 1450l 38 52 26 1304 1382 2290 11909 1930 16129 14747 39 52 26 1304 1382 2219 11908 1930 16057 14675 40 52 26 1304 1382 2145 11908 1930 15906 14604 41 52 26 1304 1322 2077 119.0 1930 15915 14533 42 52 26 1304 1302 2006 11909 1930 15844 14462 43 52 26 1304 1382 1999 11910 1930 15938 14456 44 52 26 1304 1392 1990 11910 1930 15030 14445 45 52 26 1304 1302 1903 51910 1930 15023 14441 46 52 26 1304 1302 1975 11910 1930 15015 14433 F 47 S2 26 1304 1382 1967 51910 1930 15907 1442 ci 48 52 26 1304 1302 1959 11910 1930 15799 14417 49 52 26 13u4 1302 1951 11910 1930 15791 14409 ,H 50 52 26 1304 1382 1944 11910 1930 15784 14402 I

Present Oo Value 4102 5704 17745 27552 11136 19167 1506 31811 4259

(dt 12 / Internal Rato of Return,i 53.2% -110-

Table 29

INDIA

NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT - GUJARAT

Economic Evaluation of Sardar Sarovar Proiect by Functions

Present Value ERR (Rs billion) (X)

A. Single Purpose Power Project /b

- Power benefits 12.43 - Costs: Power facilities 5.02 Reservoir 4.10 Total 9.12

- Net benefits 3.31 14.9

B. "Add-on' Irrigation and M&I Project I£

- Benefits: Irrigation 19.17 M&I water 1.51 Incremental Power -1.30 Total 19.38

- Costs: Irrigation 17.74 CeH/weir 0.68 Total 18.42

- Net benefits 0.96 12.4

C. Multi-purpose SS? (as proposed)

- Benefits: Power 11.13 Irrigation 19.17 M&I water 1.51 Total 31.81

- Costs: Reservoir 4.10 Power facilities 5.71 Irrigation 17.71 Total 27.55

- Net benefits 4.26 13.2

/a At 12% discount rate /I Hypothetical alternative, without canalhead poverhouse; no pumpback operation; no Garudeshwar weir. /c Includes benefits and costs of canalhead powerhouse and of pumpback operation at riverbed powerhouse (veir) INDIA NARWMDAUSIN PROJECIS

lom RitO" lordt-zOz a

il~~~~~~~~~~li M01 M4I 6f, £0

a ~~ I iFl*

**I^|sY."S.fI * 0~~~~~~~~I _ ,A.. * | I M A D H Y A P R AD 0WRI!Ii~II~I

I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ II A MD H V A P R A 0 1 $ H~~~~~~~~~ NARMADAGUJARAT WATERRESOURCES PROJECT Dam and PowerComplex ImplmentaolonSchedule

M 14413 lw 1-- I"? 4"s mg I ma t g4n- - H_H

I/I I L IGWSI g I t 0 1# . . 11Mt > a ~rI 4 i fi 0 g

PAW OAMA POW COMg 11a 1 11c111 ar" A 11

P~~~~~0_Fal d/e wrn w-:570

Aed FI cM &*O *1 _ c*AvAo-wcu 1 g NARMADAGUJS AT WATERRESOURCES PROJECT Itmp4mnpllbon Schedule

COMYUANCE,DlSAIRUITION AND DRAANAGE DEW&OP'MANI

_W 194 twa tum t99 9"? 994 99Y 1 9 199m 1"9 Om9 Om if" 999" 199 9999 20a 7 7O 7 3 I 2 | MU

19301v^xn)P} 90 MAIl{ 9MB t)* e^

~I~ ~ ~h.. a*~~~n 2 1 4}C5)4 - ''(1

C1.MAIW~~~9999~,'O-J9A1) BC )29 1)...e^sX...... 4 -i:44 wC ko. Ia U. --

*fl.l9lVBfrg3I.n - - I. Io'tn. .BI. k61-.. ^X ____ - I 8&,s,',ut._IrI

911.61N 'IO bC-txJ. IQ MM I 3949V " n 0 2 k l r

Cwa CIt" &{{_lszI -|-I. -- | * 3

l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w~..~a | | | P Mebl0.229 A Cnl9 U MC bin 31.

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9.t,9_i Fla3c9... 1 ( - 1 CaWP5pf lc-

DISIRIBUIJON,DRAINAGE. GROWNDWAIER AND COMMANDAREA DEVELOPMENI I'ROGRAMS

PRXI-VAICLM - 1 T 1 1 1Ai i - I9Bdd!4il^bS*b@Ulo*I-,91. S III |II1.h6ilbCO |I L1miq| | Camh(94= I 9.1 |_ "MAX.l30i I Woo.

SLAX{= f =1 L zA A==

U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CItvSb+.1....9.LiAIh..J LU- A /A lt-cnC-xTA&W9MA* .|!sss W VM....._ t allclI C It.Itls _ ~ W~

wAufiX-711 IA92 ~~~~~~1 1A. S.n.Ck.'*y ~~~~~~~~~~~~~9 J 19k N.CusIw ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =1z~~~~~4-.-.4---~~~~~~ ~ ~ I - SARDAR SAROVAR DAM AND POWER PROJECT ProbableMaximum Flood of NarmadaRiver at Sardar Sarovar Reservoir 180000 ...... Inflow 160000

140000 ...... /kA...... ,I _w0

-p 9% ss 10000.1200000

40000t

20000 i 9l

(36 48 0 72 84 9 Ice 12U 132 144 156 h -1.15- Figure 4

______11_ - t -1 -1 _ __1 _~_. 11______

g ~ ~ -_-_ ~ __ _ - % - _ 1 _ 1- _ 1 _ _ - -1 _ _ __'' --

i - _ -- -______1

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g]~~~~~~ 11 = - I hg | 4BQ~~~~ IlE: _~~~~ _ 2 't .. ? 7 <3

o,u, I PROCtIWlMNt SCHIDULEFO. CIVIL WORKS .e1ac NADA (LUJAIAT) I ______eNAINDAN AND SIVERBED POUEEtIUSE

*elOM , .a.daa II hIln Di Ice 425IU I I

rnsrumpail, S6 2 1 1 1 1 I I I I I1 I

andI insta I In Dim cb . " -

ad I'wIn~ Dim - - . instaleluiarlt ll| ilii a w T. t.INSu.Dbt.., id (Inst ,I .in

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@ .^ X,0l,,<1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IIDW ,.I. f hast u ru.la.tobda nsei.I B1i c s^sIl^eal*

H~~~~~~~~o-tiov.141 Us$" IIIg ~ ~ HAaCRIENiICICUEICHsUSsn..... 19AH|ititX|5ii|@>E_1 UK II aN W1A _AMD ||| (IU-ARAT>|I[

III DailIflAtIll tai N.;iii him L : aflWinU5* W~S li*SSSSIU.u .

inni itinsul. laloiv Nlm

Iniii fi'ii L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~vsii IIlDamlim1 -""- -

ivi Wttk If I,A- IL --

del-- lvi it title0g0

iIIhslst1s5r Si issijl it I; A hI4l 51Pasii59ls lSOsA IkIhtiIPIiIItIi tPNPlhSfliWtH StN AslIl It5464 (sll tC ttOi i(4*hi..lis *iII.ltW*tUSlflItCIlIIlNsI I IllIlIwIt~L - - - -til.tlL~-lAt -slis -otl~ -Nti - ~ ~ ~sNtAci-s t-tilAh1.4-OI~ 5 NIWt 4(ADNSAOttlhhDlltIiiIl hM IIt(l5 ll 51 'l151ls t II (ItlithSSINiS ilII101 WlIIt Ccsnh.an i- fIts scuulilANctiI 15 Iblif 11t Ih15i55ltI tttfltI lIsI p 151.IlisO*lIsAI5lIsSlItiA 1t5155 ISilict*UORI I AtlltCl ll.IliltItlt51&ilEtNlttt I IlsssII tttlllIl54.11 llq lS"55lllSti 111INs15515 I .. -IAS aI* INasIti derltihol ssif 1}1,154i .tI iaNrt1041)t51*.I54~ i4111is ItIIth&Iilsi511PS ltCtIItIle illIJlJION* 5151I1*f fROCURIM911S1 CiiULE fof CIIL WCM5 ca1l^t 1, ^ ,WA_ HIN DANDAM , NARMADA(CUJAMT) I

. H 2I II,i - -- __ 1 1 12 - - , u

botal,tBPII iiusdCIIPtH I[c 39 AAtUPO I I------ST

AfMAISA - - -

AC_TUAL - - APORAItAAL

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_ ^AI^"A' . -A. . S m Mm= - -== -

O.IOACIAJSAJCSW SCOin4AAt10Sl S AJIIIUIA.IISUA

*AIA£gA1. IL~ MI(IMISl ACAN W1.) PQ WIISI-.I A sIiAlUl& tPISPAAI tIAUtl&AAII,AIIISC WdI.I I I,AIA IIPMIIA.lf lU@IC£tAI^.S A^J'IVIAIPVfiV AIS I .Ip."IRUISitIA SA0ASIKll lSI5.1101UL AAOSAAIUAIO1eA,ISft, I IRA.WII {SDSIICAI.I [email protected]£JIIb I.).A Sl AIllP.SSWC AIIIs COWAIIVIS10Cgl 3. IMAAIAIII SIXAAIACBISAbIA ID"*^10£ I CA CISMAIC AU HIUICII t p6,4IAAt^ .105."W*1 15 II C(*tIIA.IA ASCA,SlI Sd local cOS0tiI e£ A2CAAAzeDtlX| e ScStA@tRoII3IA A*IL 1.tlIIAItA.1 501 II CAAIAAlHU lUllCl 10ISISg 501)10 ' O u£AD£A01AIiAIAI10ICI

S REGION1 2 ~REGION2 REGION.1 REGION4

w~~~~~~~~~MI. D( wE&DM

MINE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

Not". (1)Ort onake dl epdingshwn lo exorwrIyaornorLIao struchte. (2) DM$bmA tHroughEare kkatbn Dwols,

Word9or*-2692O Narmada River Development - Gujarat Phasing of Economic Project Costs Re Million

...... r Cost of Reservoir

4000 ------Cost of PowerCoap.

------Cost of Irrigation Comp.

3000 |- / >9\ - - Total Economic Cost 13000 _/ X,# ~ ., \SH \\\ J/

F~~~~ -- == I-',,,,

2000 O E~~~~~F

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Proj0t Year Narmada River Development - Gujarat ProjectedWater Use in Gujarat from Different Sources(Cumulative) 18000 Private Groundwater 16000 with project only with 8&without project 14000 PG; L 4J 12000/ E o From on-route rivQrs H D3 10000

b 8000

6000 FromNarmada River for irrigation 4000

2000

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Project YQar Narmada River Development - Gujarat Buildup of ProjQct Benefits

Re Million 16000

14000 -

12000 ------

10000 8000 / o *¢@**@&@@*^Power Benefits

/------" Irrigation Benefits 6000 ------M&I Water Benefits

-/ ,'"Total Economic BenQfits 4000 - },.~~~~ . . 2000

50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Project Year NarmadaRiver Development - Gujarat Total BenQfits and Costs over Time RB Million

…------a---- 16000r=

14000

12W000

10000 / ...... M Total EconomicCoat

------Total Ecormic Banefits 6000 J , Total Not Benefits 4000 -

2000

-2000

-4000

-6000 . p ...... , 1 _ . I a a a . . * 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5so Project Year SAMPLEDISTRIBUTION OF THE ECONOMICRATE OF RETURN

X X

12 -

111 10 o o 70--- a -6

7-

5 40 ------F

4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4

Ba- - - omldBrbto - lhaf - 433

2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2

1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

7 8~~ ~ ~ ~ ~9 10~8178 11 ~~~~ 12 13 14 15 16 17 101123145 1617 lB1 ERR (X) ERR al) RELATIVEFREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CUMULATIVEFREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

C- --- *mormal distributionwith same mean and standar'ddeviation an sample) t P A K I S T A N S

* >QBANASKANTHA 1 Plonpuor

_'A~ ~ ~ I

K U T C H ,X

- - - Mohsona GADHINAGAR.,!

Gand7=idh.> -- %

- ' >SUkEN~~~%DRANAGAR / ~~~~Surendranagar-.

OJamnagar KHI

JAMNAGAR {AKT R{ o g-- = Ro'kot~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~,Bo

Porbandor C' '' - ' Li/ .iunogot~ii ^ AMRE LI ' - OJunzgodhr%

JUNAGADH Surat

AMRELI?

DIU N Voisoc DAMAN:

Tf wh en- mrdPred b The WoroBaWs sr&t vhsv ora cnenc of ;r, VWs ands 8Sexckvs for bl Wer"nruse of The eb O* aw m wwworn fiunce Corparon Thedrw,lbons used snd Ihetbowdes rm on Is nVw do nor Y, mote pst ofThe bl Banr*and ti &titwka FPec Cavomra. anyparM on tw legcl starls of an trrior a. nwsnrit or accw nce of suchbourtwes IBRD 17691 JANUARY 15

4 INDIA NARMADA RIVER DEVELOPMENT-GUJARAT 1,01 < 8COMMAND AREA

KANTHA1 I PROJECTONGONG COMPLETED Polanpur "I Dam Sites -/s) \ . ) 5^sFv <,., Major Commond Areos

.~~~ - ,; ,;-;0o- MAHE A,NA -I ' Proposed Main Canal Proposed Branch Canals ._ .Mohesono | motnagor National Highways >I SABARKANTHA - S---' Selected Railroads

'-A' 97 S r , z Selected Towns

IC -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Rivers

- 1._'Afim goX- t /f -- - District Boundaries ,Dohod---5t,>;et !>* State Boundaries

PNCHMA HALSNJodO --- InternationolBoundories

S / ~ ~KH- A/Y

F R<4;E =>g! *tt PRAMA DESHDH SYA

- - I- r car'------;Sre GAR / - A R U C H ILOETERS 0 40 00 120

f / .20. *0g 60o0 s0 ~' Surot-* -- - >- - \ : < MILES , /,. ,., t-~~~- S^URAT ,0? r

'DANGS- 9 F < ~~Alwo, 0 PAKISTAN .8'0 No VLSADP ,. BANGLADESIV41

_-P. - Gu,orof 1 '- y DAMXg _ + r --- ,) |~~~~~~~~N D I A ~~~~~~2

~~~~~~~~20 - ,- K .- --,S\ -' .--- ;

rO 80mbey -10- ' ,. 10 SRI LANKA

70- 90' 74- 76O I N D IA 0 100 200 0, 100 20,0 NARMADARIVER DEVELC KILOMETERS BASIN PROJEc

PROJECT: RJ3 Sordar Sarovar Dam Site 4 Main Canal j Branch Canals ,

To (DeC- Proposed Dams 4 * ? ___t---Main Canol Under Construction - - 7;- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

710

A0~

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