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Report on Industrial Visit of “Sardar Sarovar Project” REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL VISIT OF “SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT” ACADEMIC YEAR: - 2015-16 th On 28 Sept 2015 ORGANISED BY LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SARIGAM. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (DEGREE/ DIPLOMA). NUMBER OF STUDENTS VISITED : 78 Acknowledgement We all express our sincere thanks to our faculty Mr. Amit R Chauhan, Mr. Shailendra Prajapati, Ms. Divya Patel for Designation, Course coordinator from guiding us right from the beginning till the successful completion of the SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT visit. We sincerely acknowledge our faculty for extending their valuable guidance and support during our visit. We would also thanks to our head of the department Mrs. Rashmi Patel, Mr. Bhavik Desai (TCCPC-CO ORDINATOR) as our supporting faculty for arranging such visit of this project. GROUP PHOTO OF INDUSTRIAL VISIT FOR “SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT” INDEX 1. Introduction 2. Location 3. Dam bureaucracy 4. Dam details 5. Associated infrastructure 6. Construction schedule 7. Details of structure in SSP 8. Claimed benefits 9. Financial cost 10. How to meets Gujarat’s water needs 11. Advantages of construction of dam(artificial reservoir) 12. Disadvantages of construction of dam 13. Conclusion 1.Introduction In the history of human endeavor to intervene and harness the natural resources for its welfare, Sardar Sarovar Project emerges as one of the very few projects across the globe that have played a significant role in bettering the quality of life for millions. With its unique features and unparallel dimensions, SSP has undoubtedly occupied a remarkable position on the world atlas of water resources development. Apart from its manifold benefits in terms of long term water, energy and food security and thereby sustainable development of Gujarat State, SSP has overcome many engineering and technological challenges during its journey from concept to its present stage. In the true sense it is the engineering marvel. The Narmada River, which originates at the town of Shahdol in the state of Madhya Pradesh, flows for 1,300 km through Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh - the three states of western and central India and empties into the Arabian Sea. It has 41 tributaries and its basin is home for more than 20 million people. The plan for harnessing the river for irrigation and power generation in the Narmada basin was initiated in 1946. Seven projects including the Bharuch project were identified during the initial Survey and 4 projects Bharuch (Gujarat), Bargi, Tawa and Punasa in Madhya Pradesh were given top priority for investigation. After the completion of investigation, the proposed dam at Gora in Gujarat with the full reservoir level (FRL) 161 ft (49.80m) was selected and the foundation stone was laid by the late Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 5th April, 1961. In 1964, to resolve the dispute about sharing of the Narmada Waters between the Governments of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, the Government of India appointed an expert committee under the Chairmanship of late Dr. Khosla which recommended a higher dam with FRL 500 ft (152.44m) in 1965. However, Govt. of M.P. was not agreeable to development of Narmada water as per Khosla Committee report and hence the Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal (NWDT) was constituted by the Government of India in October 1969, under the Inter State River Water Disputes Act, 1956. NWDT gave its final award in December 1979. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada River near Navagam, Gujarat, India. It is the largest dam and part of the Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic engineering project involving the construction of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectric multi-purpose dams on the Narmada River. The project took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to increase irrigation and produce hydroelectricity. It is the 30th largest dams planned on river Narmada, Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD) is the largest structure to be built. It has a proposed final height of 163 m (535 ft.) from foundation. The project will irrigate more than 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq. mi), most of it in drought prone areas of Kutch and Saurashtra. The dam's main power plant houses SIX 200 MW Francis pump- turbines to generate electricity and afford a pumped-storage capability. Additionally, a power plant on the intake for the main canal contains FIVE 50 MW Kaplan turbine-generators. The total installed capacity of the power facilities is 1,450 MW. 2.Location The Sardar sarovar dam is on the Narmada River in Gujarat state, 170 kilometer upstream from where the river flows into the gulf of khambhat in the Arabian Sea. The Narmada is the largest westward flowing river in India. A few kilometers downstream from the dam site on the north bank are Kevadia Colony, the town built to house the construction workers and related bureaucracy. Vadgam, the first village behind the dam, starts around one kilometer from the dam site and stretches out for several more kilometers along the north bank. About 15 km upstream on the south bank a small tributary running into the Narmada forms the Gujarat-Maharashtra border. On the eastern (Maharashtra) side of the creek is the village of Manibeli, a focus of resistance to the project where the Narmada Bachao Aandolan (NBA save the Narmada Movement) maintains an office. The coordinates of this project of dam is 21°49’49’’N 73°44’50’’E. 3.Dam bureaucracy To oversee the implementation of the dams on the Narmada the NWDT set up the Narmada Control Authority (NCA) composed of senior representatives of the governments of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Rajasthan, and chaired by the Water Resources Secretary (the top civil servant in the central government Ministry of Water Resources). The NCA has established Environment and Rehabilitation Subgroups, chaired respectively by the Secretaries of the central government Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and the Ministry of Welfare. SSP is being implemented by the Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd (SSNNL or 'the Nigam'), a corporation wholly owned by the Government of Gujarat. The construction of the dam is contracted to Jay Prakash (J.P.) Associates, who have a virtual monopoly over major dam projects in India, and the construction of the canals to a number of smaller contractors. 4.Dam details The dam is a 1210 m (3970 feet) long wall of concrete across the valley. It is designed to impound a reservoir with a full level of 138.68 m (454.98 feet) above sea level (ASL). The middle section of the dam is planned to reach a height of 146.5 m (481 feet) ASL. The maximum height above the deepest foundation level of dam is 163 m (534.77 feet). The top R.L. of dam is about 146.5m (481 feet). 2 The catchment area of river above dam site is 88000km . There are total 30 spillway gets are fixed in the dam. o For chute spillway Radial gates, 7 in number and size 60' x 60' and for service spillway, 23 Radial gates of size 60' x 55' are to be provided to negotiate the design flood. The spillway capacity of this structure is 84949.25cumecs (30 lakh cusecs). The reservoir which is made by the construction of dam is o Length of reservoir: - 214 km o Width of reservoir: - 16.10 km o Average width of reservoir: - 1.77 km 10 number of temporary construction sluices, each of size 2.15 m x 2.75 m. are provided in the spillway at RL 18 m. Another set of 4 permanent river sluices are provided at RL 53.0m. 5.Associated infrastructure The main canal leading from the reservoir is scheduled to be 582 km (361.638 miles) long, eventually reaching the state of Rajasthan. It is 250 m (820 feet) wide at its head near the dam and planned to be 100 m (328 feet) wide at the Rajasthan border. A network of secondary canals totaling 75,000 km (46,600 miles) in length is planned to deliver the irrigation water to farmers. Large electric powered pumping stations will need to be built to deliver water to the Saurashtra and Kutch branches of the canal system. A large powerhouse containing turbines and related machinery is being built at the dam and a smaller one at the head of the canal. A weir is to be built at Garudeshwar, around 16 kilometers downstream of the dam, with a capacity to store six hours of the maximum flow through the Sardar Sarovar turbines. This water can be pumped back into the reservoir at times of low daily electricity demand and then released through the turbines again to generate electricity at times of peak demand. 6.Construction schedule Completion of the dam is scheduled for 1997. The canal network will not be finished until 2025 at the earliest. The annual construction schedule varies between different official sources. At the start of the monsoon in June 1993 p; The end of the 1992/93 construction season p; The lowest blocks of the dam were at 61 m asl (the sides of the dam are much higher). The lowest blocks are currently (mid May, 1994) at 6970 m with the rest of the middle section of the dam at 80 m. 7.Details of structure in SSP The project of Sardar sarovar consists of following major and minor constructions such as: Sardar sarovar reservoir Sardar sarovar dam Hydro power house Tunnel to RBPH Narmada main canal Statue of unity Canal distribution system Command area development Sardar sarovar reservoir: - 3 Capacity 9500000000m (7701775 acre·ft) 3 Active capacity 5,800,000,000 m (4,702,137 acre·ft) 2 Catchment area 88,000 km (34,000 sq mi) 2 Surface area 375.33 km (144.92 sq mi) Normal elevation 138 m (453 ft) Reservoir length 214 km (133 mi) Max.
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