CHRONOLOGICAL CHART OF WORLD CULTURAL HISTORY 600000 100000 10000 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 B.C. 1 1 A.D. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

38 45 10 94 92 36 92 68 03 68 46 70 c. 2000 1125 +- 130 c. 1000 870 +- 130 ASUKA PERIOD HAKUHO PERIOD NARA PERIOD HEIAN PERIOD KAMAKURA PERIOD MUROMACHI PERIOD AZUCHI EDO PERIOD MODERN AGE 7290 + 500 c. 10000 - 5600 +- 325 3150 +- 400 2115 +- 135 Tumulus culture 49 57 65 Konin Jogan cul. Fujiwara cul. Nagashima MOMOYAMA P. Jomon Culture Yayoi culture Hakuho cul. Nara cul. Nakayama cul. JAPAN 1 Pre-pottery Culture 93 62 72 87 97 08 17 29 82 10 34 59 77 85 01 38 47 68 90 12 24 37 53 65 08 35 56 77 84 01 19 49 64 78 83 cul. Kamigata cul. Edo cul. JAPAN 1 24 34 45 75 94 44 67 04 32 73 92 15 24 55 61 88 04 16 51 64 81 89 04 18 30 54 12 26 89 Middle stage Late stage Asuka cul. ASIAN CULTURAL SPHERE 1st stage 2nd st. Early st. Early Stage Middle stage Late stage 4th stage 5th stage 6th stage I II ASIAN CULTURAL SPHERE PYONHAN c. 69 IMNA 62 76 35 59 56 92 36 97 10 45 48 c. 194 c. 108 CHINHAN c. 56 SILLA R L I REPUBLIC of KOREA Eastern Asia UNIFIED SILLA ( ) KIJA 75 c. 46 PAEKCHE 63 TAE KOREA 2 MAHAN R( L) ISSI CHOSON DYNASTY JAPANESE 2 CHOSON LOLANG 13 Tumulus culture in three Kingdoms 68 18 KORYO MONGOL’S HAN (POSSESSION) c. 37 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S Kammkeramik Culture Non-patented pottery culture KOGURYO 13 26 DEPENDENCY PUYO 44 ( ) ( QING’S DEPENDENCY ) REPUBLIC of KOREA c. 300 52 83 30 98 38 27 71 91 Xiajiadian upper stratum cul. Xiajiadian upper stratum cul. 48 c. 27 ROURAN TURKS XIXIA 34 60 12 21 92 c. 93 56 XIANBEI W. TURKS 57 POHAI OIRAD JUNGARS XIONGNU 86 N. WEI 34 50 77 QIDAN 15 KIRGHIZ Suiyuan (Ordos) bronze culture NORTHERN 81 18 82 44 40 16 LIAO NORTHERN 06 MONGOLS N. YUAN TATAR TIBET MONGOLIA 24 20 65 02 CHENG 47 85 W. QIN 31 E. WEI N. QI TURKS UIGHUR KIRGHIZ 25 20 c. 5000 c. 1027 c. 770 651 QI 221 202 08 25 DYNASTY 83 16 36 Yangshao cul. c. 2500 Henan Longshan cul. c. 1800 13 FORMER LIANG 76 03 N. LIANG 39 ( ) 07 60 26 ( DYNASTY ) 34 68 49 650 97 Erligang cul. 222 WEI 94 17 35 57 c. 3000 Shaanxi Longshan cul. YAN 04 29 51 31 TANG LATER LATER HAN 07 98 23 36 47 51 NUCHEN 671 WU 483 334 223 W. WEI N. ZHOU SUI CHINA Gansu Yangshao culture c. 2000 21 63 WESTERN 28 49 52 70 84 09 36 NORTHERN WEI NORTHERN SONG JIN QING 3 FORMER HAN 42 56 66 80 85 06 21 27 36 47 60 74 80 88 JIN NUCHEN 26 REPUBLIC 3 Shayuan Culture YIN Xindian cul 635 c. 403 HAN 230 YUAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC c. 2500 c. 2300 Qijia culture ZHOU XIN EASTERN HAN JIN 17 20 79 02 57 MING JIN ZHAO 228 [ ] 27 50 61 68 80 05 13 02 79 79 62 OF CHINA c. 4000 Dawenkou cul. (Jiangbei Qingliangang cul.) c. 2300 WESTERN HAN SOUTHERN CHEN 95 04 17 32 49 64 78 86 98 07 19 27 SOUTHERN of CHINA ( SHANG ) WEI 225 [ ] EASTERN c. 39 02 SOUTHERN SONG c. 2500 c. 1400 WESTERN Hushou culture 22 80 DYNASTY NANZHAO DYNASTY Shandong Longshan cul. 140 01 56 76 84 07 21 32 42 58 68 84 96 43 97 05 ( ) 55 87 05 ( ) 249 00 63 76 97 08 21 28 35 41 03 25 36 65 88 06 22 67 73 21 28 45 23 36 96 21 51 62 75 09 c. 5000 c. 3400 EASTERN ZHOU WU Liangzhu cul. c. 2100 ZHOU QI LIANG W. LIANG 29 c. 02 [ ] 770 QIN Three Kingdoms SONG TUFAN 37 TAILI 53 64 c. 4750 c. 3300 Qujialing cul. c. 2300 Yinwentao culture 206 23 89 South-Eastern 39 68 81 09 DAI VIET 87 02 VIET-NAM 87 45 76 LY DYNASTY 26 DAI VIET CHEN DYNASTY 00 28 LI D. 27 33 58 27 ZHENG GUANG NAM 87 GUEN DYNASTY FRENCH Sonvi cul. Phung Nguyen cul. Dong Dau cul. Go Mun cul. c. 32 LINYI HUANWANG ( ZHANCHENG) CHAMPA 97 49 41 63 INDOCHINA 70 76 93 VIET-NAM Bac-Son culture Dong Son culture c. 40 c. 10 LU ZHEN-LA 02 32 Asia ZHEN-LA KHMER ANGKOR DYNASTY 20 FUNAN c.56 SHUY ZHEN-LA Khmer Art ( ) 69 90 57 SUKHOTHAI D. c. 78 AYUTHAIAN DYNASTY AYUTHAIAN DYNASTY 67 82 CONSTITUTIONAL Ayuthayan style BANGKOK DYNASTY 32

4 Cultural exchange between the Orient and Occident KINGDOM 4 Hoa-Binh culture c. 00 K. OF DVARAVATI c. 02 c. 32 49 44 PAGAN DYNASTY 87 64 AVA DYNASTY 55 52 85 BRITISH 48 89 INDONESIA Anyatha cul PYU 39 TOUNGU DYNASTY ALAUNGPAYA D. Cultural exchange between the Orient and Occident PEGU DYNASTY POSSESSION Cultural exchange between the Orient and Occident KINGDOM OF SRIVIJAYA 93 86 c. 82 55 87 50 K. OF MAJAPAHIT FRENCH INDOCHINA INDONECIA Patjitan cul SAILENDRA DYNASTY 22 KEDIRI DYNASTY 22 SINGHASARI c. 20 CALIFATE OF MATARAM ( DUTCH POSSESSION ) 54 c. 543 SIMHARA DYNASTY 10 56 95 16 48 72 78 Southern SIMHARA DYNASTY PORTUGUESE POSSESSION DUTCH POSSESSION BRITISH POSSESSION 06 47 79 ( ) ( ) ( ) Rise of Buddhism VAKATAKA D. 50a 46 CHOLA DYNASTY Shakyamuni PANDYA DYNASTY Asia 16 K. OF PANDYA 27 47 18 12 K. OF MYSORE 99 04 58 47 50 72 317 c. 220 c. 30 c.20 74 GOLKONDA 87 c.2350 20 LATER CHALUKYA DYNASTY YADAVA D. 42 55 EASTERN CHALUKYA DYNASTY 70 73 89 91 18 89 86 24 NIZAM 00 INDIAN EMPIRE INDIA ANDHRA DYNASTY CHALUKYA D. 22 HOYSALA DYNASTY 42 KINGDOM OF BAHMANI K. OF BIJAPUR Malwa culture 53 RASHTRAKUTA D. OUDH 56 GUPTA DYNASTY 01 KAKATIYA D. 27 25 26 MUGHAL EMPIRE BRITISH INDIA c. 650 c. 550 c. 72 c. 25 Gupta Art 18 5 c. 1050 45 90 c. 50 PALA DYNASTY c. 70 5 326 c. 187 SATAVAHANA D. 06 90 36 47 76 ( INDIA ) Indus civilization (Harappa cul) SACAE D. 90 25 19 36 48 GHORE SULATANATE K. OF VIJAYANAGAR MARATHA CONFEDERACY 99 49 53 56 Post Harappa cul K. OF MAGADHA Mantura Art VARABHI DYNASTY PRATIHARA D. SULTANETE OF DEATH KHALJI INDIAN EMPIRE PAKISTAN c.2600 c.2100 MAURYA 20 43 62 GHAZNI SULATANATE 86 20 TUGH LUK D. 14 51 LODI D. 25 Painted gray pottery culture SUNGA 09 47 35 19 73 87 92 Central CHINESE TURKESTAN NANDA c.50 67 83 39 44 W. UIGHURS 74 99 32 WEST LIAO 18 24 KH. OF OGOTAI 10 21 89 00 02 MUGHAL EMPIRE Jhangar cul. Cemetery H cul. D. c. 255 c. 140 45 KUSHANA D. EPHTAL WESTERN TURKS SAMANIDES KARAKHAN SUL. India Islamic culture GHILZAIS DURANI D. K. AFGHANISTAN Asia Sohan culture Sothi cul. Amri culture SISHUNAGA 413 DAYUESHI c. 50 Gandhara Art 66 c. 15 c. 40 27 21 c. 43 KH. OF CHAGHATAI 60 69 BALKZAIS 80

c. 715 559 330 305 c. 248 26 Rise of Manichaeism 32 ORTHODOX 20 72 12 32 37 31 56 00 22 36 96 23 25 79 c. 5000 c. 3000 c. 2450 c. 2250

Rise of Judaism AFSHARIDS Sialk cul Sialk cemetery B cul. MEDIA CALIFATE TAHIRIDS 67 SAFFARIDS BOUYIDES 55 Rise of Islam 57 KHORAZM AWAN D. Muhammed DOMINIONS OF K. OF IRAN c. 640 625 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC Aurignacian culture 51 MONGOL KHANATE OF IL I II III IV Luristan culture ELAM 11 EMPIRE OF SAFAVIDS 50 94 QAJARS

Golden age in Islamic culture SELJUK TURKS EMPIRE OF ISLAM 94 POSS. ZENDS of IRAN PARTHIAN KINGDOM Golden age in Persian culture CULTURAL SPHERE Abbevillian culture Nalufian culture c. 2800 c. 2350 ( ) PAHLEVYIDS ORIENTAL PERSIAN EMPIRE OF THE SASSANIANS SUMER c. 1960 c. 1830 KINGDOM OF BABYLONIA c. 796 612 Western IRAN EARLY c. 1735 TIMUR Cultural Sphere c. 2500 AKKAD• NEW SUMER 17 36 93 Mousterian culture ( EMPIRE OF SARACENS ) CALIFATE 19 32 K. OF 58 Acheulian culture Asia Jemdet Nasr P. DYNASTIC P. c. 1698 c. 1450 c. 933 ASSYRIAN EMP ARSAKES DYNASTY JALAYRIDS UR I D. UR II D. c. 2060 ASSYRIA Persian culure Islamic culture ( POSSESSION ) IRAQ REPUBLIC of IRAQ ORIENTAL c. 722 78 17 69 c. 1700 K. OF c. 1270 c. 1230 c. 932 PERSIAN K. OF SYRIA 64 20 95 14 50 82 17 44 81 6 K. OF HEBREW 61 50 6 MITANNI JUDAH 586 06 41 44 BURJI MAMELUKES SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC EMPIRE SELEUCIDS OMAYYADS ABBASSIDS 95 91 BAHARI MAMELUKES D. 142 63 37 EASTERN CALIFATE CALIFATE OF BAGHDAD KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM 48 V IV III Ugarit culture c. 1500 PHOENICIA c. 677 TURKEY 538 288 241 STATE of ISRAEL c. 1900 c. 1190 c. 1000 c. 700 546 133 121 Jesus 77 02 27 Rise of Christianity 23 HITTATIAN KINGDOM NEW HITTATIAN SULTANATE OF ROUM SELJUK K. OF PHRIGIA REPUBLIC of c. 1430 04 06 59 61 EASTERN 26 LYDIA ACHAEMENES D. NICAEAN EMP. OTTOMAN TURKEY 1 2 3 4 5 Trojan culture 6 7 8 c. 730 9 62 ROMAN EMPIRE Oldman cul. Africa North c. 900 CARTHAGO 145 29 34 68 05 35 63 Byzantine Art 69 50 Byzantine Art 82 17 11 82 14 22 53 58 61 71 K. OF VANDALS EMPIRE OF ISLAM ( EMPIRE OF SARACENS ) TULUNIDS IFSIDS FATIMIDS Oran cul. c. 3100 c. 2636 c. 2181 c. 2040 c. 1786 c. 1570 c. 1070 LATE DYNASTIC P. 332 305 30 EMPIRE EGYPTIAN BRITISH EGYPTIAN EARLY DYNASTIC P. OLD KINGDOMS P. MIDDLE K . P. NEW KINGDOMS P. 61 50 AYYUBIDS BAHARI MAMELUKES BURJI MAMELUKES ARAB REPUBLIC EGYPT 7 PREDYNASTIC PERIOD s EGYPTIAN K. 00 09 MIDDLE CALIFATE• CALIFATE OF CAIRO STATES DEPENDENCY KINGDOM 7 Aterian cul. c. 2890 c. 2613 c. 2494 c. 2345 c. 1991 c. 1293 c. 1190 c. 945 818 747 715 656 PERSIAN POSS. OMAYYADS ABBASSIDS ACHLABIDS Capsa cul. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - 10 11 12 13 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 525 27 30 PTOLEMAIOS D. of EGYPT

32 24 35 73 c. 900 c. 750 146 27 04 61 53 KINGDOM OF EASTERN 3rd period K. OF GREECE c. 3000 LATIN GREECE HELLENIC REPUBLIC Peninsula BYZANTIN EMPIRE GREEK MAINLAND Helladic culture Greece culture EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE BYZANTIN EMPIRE ROMAN EMPIRE Balkan GREECE GREECE EMPIRE 59 77 46 65 89 E.S. M.S. L.S. c. 700 54 66 PALAEOLOGOS DYNASTY K. OF RO( U) MANIA Sesklo culture Dimini culture c. 2000 c. 1600 Mycenaean culture K. OF GEPIDS Macedonian Art 287 85 93 78 47 90 Golden age in Roman culture 79 (Macedonian ) KINGDOM OF BULGARIA K. OF BULGARIA 8 c. 3400 KHANATE OF BULGARIA 57 2nd period 8 CRETA ISLAND Geometric Style period Classic period Early stage Minoan culture c. 2100 M.S. c. 1600 Late stage ROMAN EMPIRE COMNENUS D. 44 79 13 20 28 46 91 Archaic 1st period 67 CROATIA MACEDONIAN ROMAN MACEDONIAN DYNASTY 81 04 ALBANIA period 10 17 ISAURS D. Cycladic culture E. ( POSS. ) 76 02 ( HUNGARIAN POSSESSION ) 17 82 18 29 45 63 91 CYCLADES ISLANDS c. 2650 1 c. 2400 2 c. 2200 3 338 168 148 THEODOSIUS D. ASTINIAN D. HERACLIUS D. c. 00 SOUTHERN SLAVS 42 SERBIA 31 SERBIAN STATES 59 92

Peninsula c. 753 509 86 49 c. 30 30 82 KINGDOM OF SICILY 33 47 26 95 THE KINGDOM OF TWO SICILIES Serra d’ Alto cul. Italian DUCHY OF BENEVENTO EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE HOHENSTAUFEN 94 66 KINGDOM OF NAPOLI ANJOUS SPANISH BOURBON 15 Thapsusian cul. Catacomb ARAGONS 17 35 63 KINGDOM EUROPEAN CULTURAL SPHERE Este culture 54 70 REPUBLIC PAPAL STATES OF ITALY REPUBLIC of ITALY 9 Appenino cul. 73 96 60 9 OF WESTERN ROMAN 68 74 45 77 77 62 REPUBLIC OF VENETIA ( AUSTRIAN POSSESSION ) ITALY

KINGDOM EUROPIAN CULTURAL SPHERE Mousterian culture HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ROME KINGDOM OF THE LOMBARDS Renaissance 69 GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY 59 EMPIRE OF ITALY SAVOY DYNASTY Lagozza cul. Remedello cul. Pedus cul. Villanoviana cul. Etrurian culture Roman culture ( LANGOBARDY ) c. 80 REPUBLIC OF GENOVA 77 29 REPUBLIC OF GENOVA 20 04 15 K. OF SARDINIA c. 500 c. 100 82 04 67 18 38 45 55 Danubian cul. 67 96 56 DUCHY OF AUSTRIA Aurignacian culture KINGDOM OF 53 GRAND DUCHY OF AUSTRIA 54 HAPSBURG DYNASTY 45 AUSTRIA- THE OSTROGOTHS KINGDOM OF AVARS KINGDOM OF AUSTRIAN 20 44 49 89 Acheulian culture 00 62 99 HUNGARY AUSTRIA THE EAST KINGDOM OF HUNGARY OTTOMAN E. POSSESSION EMPIRE Tardenois culture Baden culture 02 34 ( ) EMPIRE 13 39 50 91 93

Hallstatian culture THE GREAT INTERREGNUM Abbevillian culture ALAMANNI HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 45 06 15 71 19 45 90 HABSBURG-LOTHRINGEN UNION Europe Michelsburg cul. HAPSBURG DYNASTY GERMAN 08 38 OF GERMANIA 25 EMPIRE FEDERAL REPUBLIC THURINGIANS Carolingian Art HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE PRINCIPALITY OF PRUSSIA 01 K. OF PRUSSIA GERMANY GERMANY Rossen cul. KINGDOM LUXEMBURG DYNASTY of GERMANY Magdelenian culture La Teneculture (Carolingian Renaissace) 11 29 10 54 34 24 91 15 74 10 SACHSEN DYNASTY REPUBLIC OF SWITZERLAND SWISS CONFEDERATION K. OF BURGUNDY OF 25 38 Art 29 50 79 33 34 19 56 81 88 48 06 14 THE FRANKS FRANKEN HOHENSTAUFEN D. 54 73 FEDERAL REP. OF NETHERLANDS KINGDOM OF NETHERLANDS Sauveterre culture FRANK 88 KINGDOM OF ARLES AUSTRIAN P. 48 93 04 31

Solutre culture c. 5000 c. 3500 70 ( SPANISH ) ( AUSTRIAN P. ) KINGDOM OF BELGIUM WESTERN ROMAN 64 KINGDOM OF FRENCH 87 REP

FRANCE Azilian cul. Campigny cul. EMPIRE CAPETIAN DYNASTY VALOIS D. 15 48 52 70 98 89 Neo- FRENCH REP. FRENCH Chasseian culture K. OF THE WEST FRANKS 66 28 28 RESTORATION CELT 15 07 REP. REP. REP. 46 REP. 58 REP. MEROVINGIAN DYNASTY CALOLINGIAN DYNASTY DUCHY OF NORMANDY DUCHY OF GUIENNE VALOIS ORLEANS D. BOURBON DYNASTY I I II III IV V REPUBLIC

Peninsula 133 133 11 18 05 KINGDOM OF NAVARRE 12 31 75

Iberian KINGDOM OF ASTURIAS 25 KINGDOM OF LEON 35 KINGDOM OF ARAGON 79 Maniérisme Art ROMAN EMPIRE ROMAN c. 30 KINGDOM OF SPAIN Naturalism Almerian cul. El-Argar cul. ROMAN 56 KINGDOM OF CASTILE Los Millares cul. POSS. KINGDOM OF VISIGOTHS c. 30 13 SPAIN 11 ( POSS. ) 00 11 ISLAMIC 31 35 85 47 DOMINIONS 92 SPAIN 69 KINGDOM OF GRANADA NASR D. HAPSBURG DYNASTY BOURBON DYNASTY POSSESSION OF THE ALMOHADS LATER OMAYYADS OF CORDOBA WESTERN CALIFATE 68 ALMORAVIDS EMPIRE KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL 80 40 10 Asturian cul. 09 85 ( ) SPANISH KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC SUEVIS 56 39 BURGUNDIAN DYNASTY 85 AVIS DYNASTY ( POSSESSION ) BRAGANZA DYNASTY 43 49 29 16 49 60 01 Britain 66 54 99 61 85 KINGDOM OF ENGLAND 03 ANGLES, SAXONS, BRITONS, PICTS, CALEDONIAS, JUTES KINGDOM OF ANGLO-SAXONS NORMAN D. PLANTAGENET ANJOUS LANCASTER D. YORK D. STUART D. STUART D. KINGDOM OF 80 ( ) TUDORS D. 14 UNITED KINGDOM OF THE UNITED KINGDOM of THE GREAT Clacton cul. Maglemose culture 43 07 GREAT BRITAIN 22 WINDSOR D. BRITAIN and NORTHERN IRELAND 01 17 ENGLAND 12 Wessex cul. HEPTARCHY: THE AGE OF SEVEN KINGDOMS KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND HANOVER D. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 37 12 La Tene culture SCOTS KENT, ESSEX, SUSSEX, WESSEX, EAST ANGLIA, MERCIA, NORTHUMBRIA 42 49 Windermere Hill cul. CELT [KELT] ( ) KINGDOM OF IRELAND 00 HANOVER D. Acheulian culture Scandinavian P. Mousterian culture 97 23 DANES KINGDOM OF DENMARK 48 KINGDOM OF DENMARK 63 50 DENMARK 14 35 14 05 KINGDOM OF NORWAY KINGDOM OF NORWAY OLDENBURGS K. OF NORWAY 13 Maglemose culture KINGDOM OF SWEDEN 23 13 UNION OF THE THREE BERNADOTTES FINLAND 62 82 c. 80 KINGDOM OF SWEDEN 09 17 DUCHY OF KIEV SCANDINAVIAN KINGDOMS 51 Ertebelle cul. VASA HOLSTEIN GOTTORP ( RUSSIAN POSSESSION ) c. 3000 c. 2100 40 PIAST D. DUCHY OF POLAND 25 PIAST D. KINGDOM OF POLAND 70 88 JAGIELLO D. 72 KINGDOM OF POLAND 95 07 15 18 39 41 52 89

Russia Swidry culture Danubian cul. Tripol’e culture Hallstattian cul. 62 82 DUCHY OF KIEV 67 40 18 80 MOSCOVITE 47 17 22 91 c. 82 GRAND PRINCIPAL OF MOSCOW Fat’yanovo culture Sarmatai culture Byzantine Art KINGDOM OF NOVGOROD DOMINIONS Byzantine Art RUSSIAN EMPIRE THE UNION OF RUSSIA 14 21 45 14 Tardenois culture Scythian cul. KHANATE OF KAZAN 52 98 13 THE COMMONWEALTH of c. 20000 c. 10000 c. 1200 RIURIK D. SOVIET SOCIALIST c. 1750 KHANATE OF KIPCHAK 66 56 ROMANOFF DYNASTY INDEPENDENT STATES Kammkeramik culture Andrenovo cul. Tashtyk culture 2nd period 43 3rd period 02 REPUBLICS RUSSIAN FEDERATION and others Afontova cul. Afanas’eva culture Tagal cul. 30 KHANATE OF KRYM 83

America 08 63 67 49 North ( FRENCH CANADA ) ( BRITISH CANADA ) ( CANADA DOMINION ) CANADA CULTURAL SPHERE AMERICAN AMERICA 15 Paleo-Indian culture Woodland culture 07 BRITISH c. 82 FRENCH 76 15 Archaic culture ( VIRGINIA ) ( LOUIGIANA ) 00 03 U.S.A. UNITED STATES of AMERICA

Cultural Sphere Mississippian culture c. 11000 c. 9000 c. 5500 c. 3500 Hopewell culture 65 63 48 c. 25 AMERICAN Old Copper cul. 21 21

Middle & South AZTEC EMPIRE Olmecan culture Toltecan culture UNITED MEXICAN STATES UNITED MEXICO America OLD MAYAS NEW MAYAS Aztecan civilization c. 50 MEXICAN STATES Pre-formative period teotihuacan culture 33 Baroque Art in Middle SPANISH Toltecan-Mayan civilization INCAN EMPIRE REP. OF PERU 16 Old period Chavin culture Nazca culture Mayan civilization and South America ( POSSESSION ) 30 16 Formative period (Pre-classic period) Classic period Post-Classic period (Mestizo style) 16 ARGENTINE 11 VENEZUELA Incan civilization 18 CHILI 11 ECUADOR PERU Mezzo America A.D c.300 ~ c.900 Mezzo America 10C. ~ 16C. Mezzo America c.B.C.2000 ~ c.A.D.200 19 COLOMBIA Central Andes A.D c.200~c.700 Central Andes 8C. ~ 16C. 80 40 22 89 Central Andes c.B.C.2000 ~ c.A.D.300 ( PORTUGUESE POSS. ) ( PORTUGUESE POSSESSION ) 600000 100000 10000 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 B.C. 1 1 A.D. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 PALEOLITHIC AGE MESOLITHIC AGE NEOLITHIC AGE BRONZE AGE CULTURAL AREA