Migrations: Interdisciplinary Challenges 1St International Conference

Migrations: Interdisciplinary Challenges 1st International Conference

Remnants of the fishing boat grounded in the Tripiti beach of Gavdos island (Crete) in April 2015. It carried approximately 200 migrants (K.B., August 2019). 17-18 October 2019 Amphitheater D3-7A Gallos University Campus University of Crete, Rethymnon Migrations: Interdisciplinary Challenges

17-18 October 2019

The objective of this interdisciplinary con- ference is two-fold. Firstly, it keenly aims to contribute to the establishment of an interdisciplinary dialogue on Migration. This will be achieved with the participation of internationally prominent scholars and researchers representing a diverse array of fields: Anthropology, History, Prehis- toric Archaeology, Linguistics, Education Sciences, Sociology, Political Science, Psy- chology, Social Medicine, and Philosophy. Secondly, it aims to promote inter-disci- plinary exchanges and synergies between senior and younger scholars, from Greece and abroad.

3 Program / Day 1

17 October Directions in Scientific Research on Migration: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives On Day 1, internationally distinguished scholars present their scientific work on migration, in a series of keynote presentations that will address migra- tion issues and related challenges from the prehistoric times to the present. The aim is to facilitate and steer dialogue and exchanges beyond disciplinary and spatial boundaries.

Greetings Professor Panagiotis Tsakalidis, Rector of the University of Crete Mr Stavros Arnaoutakis, Governor of the Region of Crete Ms Μaria Lioni, Vice-Governor of the Regional Unit of Rethymnon, Region of Crete Mr George Marinakis, Mayor of the City of Rethymnon

Session 1 9.00-9.50 Migration in Pre-historic Times Chair: Nena Galanidou (University of Crete)

Mina Weinstein-Evron (The University of Haifa) The Mount Carmel Caves at the crossroads of prehistoric human dispersals

Catherine Perlés (Université Paris Nanterre) The rehabilitation of a ‘demonised’ concept: Neolithic expansion and 4 migrations 5 9.40-9.50 Discussion

Session 2 9.50-11.10 Migration challenges in the 20th century Chair: Antonis Anastasopoulos (University of Crete)

Eftihia Voutira (University of Macedonia) Forced Migration: The Emergence and Evolution of a ‘Novel’ Academic Field 12.50-13.50 1st Roundtable Chair: Maria Kousis (UCRC) Lina Venturas (Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences) States, International Organizations and Migration: A century of dense interactions 13.50-14.30 Lunch break

Christos Lionis (University of Crete) Session 5 Maria Papadakaki (Hellenic Mediterranean University) 14.30-15.20 National Discourses and Identity Community participation in primary health care: engaging stakeholders Chair: Dimitris Milonakis (University of Crete) and migrants Marco Giugni (University of Geneva) 10.50-11.00 Discussion Deliberative Citizenship: Claims-Making and Deliberation by Muslim Actors in Britain, France, and Switzerland 11.00-11.10 Coffee break Karen Phalet (KU Leuven) Session 3 in collaboration with Fenella Fleischmann (Utrecht University) Religion and civic integration: A cross-national comparison of Muslim 11.10-12.00 Language, Education and Migration Chair: Elena Anagnostopoulou (UCRC) immigrant youth in Europe 15.10-15.20 Artemis Alexiadou (Humboldt University of Berlin, Leibniz-Centre General Discussion Linguistics, ZAS) Language and Migration Session 6 15.20-16.10 Identity, Education and Youth Chair: Sophia Triliva (University of Crete) Christine Hélot (Université de Strasbourg) The Education of Newcomers in France: From a Policy of Erasure to a Wassilis Kassis (University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Pedagogy of Empowerment Switzerland) 11.50-12.00 Discussion Christos Govaris (University of Thessaly) Do migrant and refugee high school students have specific school-resil- Session 4 ience patterns in order to satisfy basic psychological needs? 12.00-12.50 Migration and Nationalism in the 21st century 6 Chair: Anastassios Matsopoulos (University of Crete) Lucy Avraamidou (Groningen University) 7 Becoming a science person: Identities in/out of place and the politics of Evthymios Papataxiarchis (University of the Aegean, Refugeeobservatory.gr) recognition The rise and fall of the new patriotism of “solidarity to the refugees”. Lessons from Mytilene 16.00-16.10 Discussion

Anna Triantafyllidou (Ryerson University, Toronto) 16.10-16.20 Coffee break Nationalism in the 21st Century: Neo-tribal or Plural?

12.40-12.50 Discussion Session 7 Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being among Immi- 16.20-17.10 Challenging Topoi in the 21st century grants Living in Greece Chair: Dimitris Stavrou (UCRC) Kostas Koukouzelis (University of Crete) Robin Cohen (Kellogg College, University of Oxford) Reclaiming cosmopolitanism: migrants’ protests and border controls New Perspectives on Displacement: Utopias, Archipelagos and Social 9.40-9.50 Discussion Ecotones

Konstantinos Papageorgiou (National and Kapodistrian University of Session 2 Athens) 9.50-10.40 The emergence of complex mobility patterns in Greece since the 2008 From duties to refugees to duties to immigrants crisis Chair: Panayiota Mini (University of Crete) 17.00- 17.10 Discussion Manolis Pratsinakis (Onassis Fellow, University of Oxford) 17.10-18.00 2nd Roundtable The ‘social’ in migration decision-making: Greece’s changing emigration Chair: Stavroula Tsinorema (UCRC) environment at times of crisis

Aspa Chatzidaki (UCRC) Greek state schools in Germany; teachers’ language ideologies in the Program / Day 2 light of new migration

10.30-10.40 Discussion

18 October 10.40 -10.50 Coffee break Migration to and from Greece across disciplines: periods of Session 3 crises 10.50 -12.00 Governing Mobilities/Migrants and Refugees On Day 2, younger and more senior scholars and researchers from the Chair: Stella Giakoumaki (University of Crete) humanities, the social and education sciences will present their current Maria Stratigaki (Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences) research on migrations to and from Greece, from the early post war pe- Migrants and refugees in the City of Athens: Challenges, policies, social 8 riod to the recent economic and refugee crises. Using Greece as a case 9 that involves multiple challenges, the aim is to facilitate interdisciplin- integration ary dialogue. Vassilis Arapoglou (UCRC) Session 1 Regina Mantanika (University of Crete) 9.00-9.50 Migration, Culture and Cosmopolitanism From ‘First Reception’ to integration (?) The governance of migrant Chair: Michael Damanakis (University of Crete) mobility and transformations of statecraft in Greece since the late 90’s

Evangelia Kateri (University of Crete) Angeliki Dimitriadi (Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, ELIAMEP) Evangelos C. Karademas (University of Crete) Governing migrant mobility to and from Greece through divergent prac- 15.30-15.40 Discussion tices of first reception: evidence from the CeasEVAL project Session 6 11.50-12.00 Discussion 15.40 - 16.30 Migration and crises related discourses Chair: Maria Chnaraki (Drexel University, World Council of Cretans) 12.00-13.00 3rd Roundtable Chair: Aspa Chatzidaki (UCRC) Maria Xenitidou (University of Crete) Negotiating mobility and belonging in the contexts of Grexit & Brexit: a 13.00-13.40 Lunch study of discourses in Greece & the UK

Session 4 Maria Paschou (University of Crete) 13.40-14.30 Integration of Migrants and refugees Angelos Loukakis (University of Crete) Chair: Vasiliki Petousi (University of Crete) Maria Kousis (UCRC) Political claims analysis on the refugee crisis in the Greek public sphere Angelo Tramountanis (National Centre for Social Research, EKKE) 2015-16 The Greek integration policy for migrants and refugees: historical con- text, contemporary challenges, and future prospects 16.20-16.30 Discussion

Nikolaos Papadakis (UCRC) 16.30-16.40 Coffee break The challenge of Multi-culturalism: Theoretical insights and policy implications Session 7 16.40-17.30 Greek Emigration of the early post-war period 14.20-14.30 Discussion Chair: Elias Kourkoutas (University of Crete)

Session 5 Yannis Papadopoulos (Institute for Mediterranean Studies/FORTH) 14.30 -15.40 The 2015 Refugee Crisis Migration from Greece to Brazil during the early Post WWII period: a Chair: Nikolaos Papadakis (UCRC) successful example of international migration management?

Stefania Kalogeraki (University of Crete) Nikos Fokas (Eötvös Loránd University, ELTE, Budapest) Attitudes towards immigrants and Syrian refugees during the refugee Gábor Jelenfi (Eötvös Loránd University) 10 crisis: The case of Greece 11 Róbert Tardos (Eötvös Loránd University) Cognitive maps, social distance and national stereotypes in times of Dimitris Parsanoglou (Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences) crisis: The case of Greece and Hungary Crisis upon crisis: theoretical and political reflection on Greece’s re- sponse to the ‘refugee crisis’ Discussion

Dimitriοs Kotroyannos (University of Crete) 17.30- 18.15 4th Roundtable Stylianos Ioannis Tzagkarakis (University of Crete) Chair: Konstantinos Kafetsios (Aristotle University Thessaloniki & UCRC, Aspects of refugees’ socio-economic integration prospects in insular University of Crete) Greece: Outcomes from the case study in Crete and Mytilene islands 19 October Abstracts / Day 1

Session 1 11.00 am Catherine PERLÈS Field trip at the Museum of Ancient Eleutherna and the related ar- Mina WEINSTEIN-EVRON Emeritus Professor, Université Paris Nan- chaeological site, with a presentation by N. Chr. Stampolidis, Profes- Professor, Zinman Institute of Archaeolo- terre gy, University of Haifa sor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Crete and Director of the Museum of Cycladic Art. The rehabilitation of a ‘demonised’ con- The Mount Carmel Caves at the cross- cept: Neolithic expansion and migrations roads of prehistoric human dispersals During decades, in the mid-twentieth Eleutherna on Crete: The “Homeric” necropolis of Orthi Petra century, the introduction of a farming Professor N. Chr. Stampolidis The Mount Carmel cultural and evolution- ary sequence extends at least 500,000 economy— the Neolithic— in Europe years, from the Lower Paleolithic to his- was viewed as the result of migrations It is quite strange that a place of silence, a necropolis to speak eloquent- torical times. In spite of the apparent oc- from the Near East: “Ex oriente lux”! Sci- ly about life in the Early Iron Age. Especially about the contacts of Eleu- cupational continuity, prehistoric human entific and nationalistic considerations led to a drastic rejection of the idea of mi- therna not only with other Cretan cities but also about people and places remains are rare in the early part of the sequence. Human remains become more grations and, in every country, scholars in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean such as Cyprus, Phoenicia, abundant in the Middle Paleolithic, espe- strove to find evidence in favour of a local Egypt etc. These contacts can be detected through the archaeological cially in its later part. Their anatomic af- transformation, initiated and sustained material and context and speak directly or indirectly for sea routes and filiation (Homo sapiens or Neanderthal), by autochthonous groups of former hunt- trade connections as well as for the migrations within the Mediterranean in the various sites and layers and their er-gatherers. The questioning of what had, by the eighties, become the domi- in the Early Iron Age. dating are the basis of current scenarios of human dispersals into or through the nant paradigm, started with the results area, regarding both early modern hu- of genetic analyses on modern Near East- Museum of Ancient Eleutherna: http://en.mae.com.gr/museum.html mans (Misliya Cave, 194-177 ka BP; Skhul ern and European populations. However, Orthi Petra Cemetery: http://en.mae.com.gr/orthi-petra-cemetery.html Cave, 140/135-100 ka BP) and Neander- only genetic data directly extracted from thals (Tabun Cave, ca. 160 ka BP; Kebara ancient skeletons (aDNA), two or three Cave, ca. 60 ka BP), as well as their in- decades later, provided indisputable evi- ter-relationships. Lithic studies may im- dence of the presence of Near Eastern in- ply dispersal of a new population into the dividuals in the European Early Neolithic. Levant at the boundary between the Low- Nevertheless, prehistoric archaeologists er and Middle Paleolithic (ca. 250 ka BP); still reject the term ‘migration’ and now the early dispersal/s of H. sapiens out of prefer to talk of ‘colonisation’, possibly 12 Africa is also advocated by aDNA studies. to down-scale, more or less consciously, 13 The two earlier dates (Misliya Cave, Tabun the importance of migrationist influx- Cave) and the reconstructed course/s of es. Despite this semantic shift, no one dispersal have been recently echoed in can contest nowadays that the impetus the finds from Apidima Cave, Greece, in- for change came from Near Eastern col- dicating a wider Eastern Mediterranean onists, and that the spread of a farming context. Refined interpretations may economy results from complex process- highlight the more intricate picture and es involving colonisation, acculturation, the contribution of likely encounters be- and adoption of a Neolithic way-of-life tween these early modern humans and by former hunter-gatherers. Agent-based local Levantine populations. modelling of the progressive extension of the farming economy now integrate all these factors as well as environmental perspective, initiated by Barbara Harrell tematic policies to control borders and to governance powers exercised beyond the factors, and allow for a far more subtle – Bond’s work, which formed the prece- steer population movements during the state related to those within it in order to and diversified perspective than the tra- dent for Forced Migration Research and nineteenth century. Although states were regulate human mobility. ditional dichotomy between migration/ Refugee Studies. Forced Migration as an never by any means the only actors inter- autochthonous development. Neverthe- academic field is characterised by multi- vening in the regulation of human mobil- Christos LIONIS less, many approaches to colonisation disciplinarity (law, international politics, ity, they played a major role in installing MD, PhD, FRCGP, FESC, FWONCA, Professor rest on underlying models of sudden, dis- psychology and anthropology). To the ex- rules and procedures which upheld the of General Practice and Primary Health crete historical episodes, happening at tent that the subject matter of research distinction between inside and outside Care, School of Medicine, University of a well-defined time, with a well-defined are people on the move, personal engage- in territorial terms and between insiders Crete origin and point of arrival. Although such ment and intensive field research are the and outsiders in social and political terms, Maria PAPADAKAKI episodes can be documented, they prob- hallmarks of the field. Thus, it is no acci- thus according differential access to BSW, MPH, PhD, Assistant Professor, De- ably constitute exceptions rather than dent that the two matriarchs of Forced membership, belonging and rights. Inter- partment of Social Work, School of Health the rule. Especially for the Mediterranean Migration happened to be renowned national organizations began intervening Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean Univer- in migration and refugee issues in the era basin, one should instead envision a con- social anthropologists, namely the late sity stant flux of movements in all directions Elizabeth Colson, Professor Emerita, Uni- of international institution-building that that started well before the Neolithic, versity of Berkeley and Barbara Harrell followed World War I. From then onwards, continued during the Neolithic and never – Bond, Professor Emerita, University attempts to manage human mobility and Community participation in primary ended afterwards. of Oxford. The legacies of both of these refugee rehabilitation involved multiple health care: engaging stakeholders and imminent anthropologists are currently actors: state and local authorities, inter- migrants being explored through new publications, national organizations, non-governmen- According to Philipson, community par- Session 2 mainly tributes assessing the impact of tal agencies, and the migrants / refugees ticipation is a concept that derives from their work in what has become a major themselves and led to a proliferation of a social justice perspective and denotes Dr. Dr. Eftihia VOUTIRA issue of public concern, i.e. migrants and state and intergovernmental bureaucra- Professor in the Anthropology of Forced that participation of communities and refugees. A salient issue to be addressed cies, of national and international laws, groups, who experience poverty and so- Migration, Department of Balkan, Slavic is the classic question of engagement: official regulatory practices and tech- cial exclusion, is essential in the design and Oriental Studies, University of Mace- Who helps the helpers engaged in human- niques of surveillance and identification. and implementation of health care ser- donia itarian assistance and can humanitarian By controlling financial resources and vices. In a chapter of a recently edited aid be humane? information, by using their recognized book, McFarlane and Lionis focused on Forced Migration: The Emergence and authority to measure, analyze and com- the concept of community participation Evolution of a ‘Novel’ Academic Field Lina VENTURAS pare, and by socializing or co-opting state in primary health care as a description of This presentation adopts an anthropo- Professor, Department of Political Sci- representatives and local elites, interna- partnerships with migrants and refugees logical perspective, in order to address ence and History, Panteion University of tional organizations influenced decision and other key stakeholder groups rele- the emergence and evolution of Forced Social and Political Sciences making and engineered change within vant to health care utilization, delivery Migration as an institutionalised academ- their member states in the domains of and planning. The same chapter offered ic field, conceptualised and implement- States, International Organizations and human mobility and refugee relief and tools and methodologies for inter-stake- 14 ed at the Refugee Studies Programme, Migration: A century of dense interac- rehabilitation. During this period the ac- holder collaboration for practice man- 15 University of Oxford in 1992, under the tions tors and apparatuses forementionned agement. This presentation offers an charismatic leadership of the late Bar- struggled over terms and definitions as overview of key techniques that could bara Harrell – Bond. The paper traces the In the long processes of state- and na- well as over eligibility criteria and policies be utilized to engage stakeholders in genealogy of Forced Migration Research tion-building, sovereignty came to entail of inclusion / exclusion characteristic in future programmes to be designed and as originally practiced in Oxford in the the right of states to shape the constitu- the field of governing human mobility implemented for efficient migrants’ and early 1990s. It also follows its evolution tion of their population by both encour- and refugee protection. This paper will refugees’ health care. The authors will in other institutions in the global South, aging and forbidding entry into their follow the century-long history of the share the experience gained from two e.g. American University in Cairo, Refu- territory. Human mobility was gradually complex interweaving of international, EU funded collaborative projects, namely gee Law Project and Makerere University incorporated into the domain of govern- national and local humanitarian, political, RESTORE and EUR-HUMAN and will pres- in Kampala, Uganda. The main aim of this ment policies. Modern Western states de- economical and security concerns and ent successfully implemented method- paper is to explore the refugee centered veloped, albeit in an uneven manner, sys- power imbalances in order to explore how ologies, including Normalisation Process Theory, Participatory Learning and Ac- ‘as a second language’ and, on the oth- ical struggle between its two sides, xeno- in Lesvos and through a micro, emic per- tion as well as Structured Democratic er, leaving learners to sink or swim in philia and xenophobia, and corrupted by spective I would like to address a set of Dialogue. The systematic identification, the mainstream classrooms. I will also the racist violence against the foreign mi- questions on the developmental cycle of appraisal, synthesis and consolidation of question the denomination used to refer grants that had swept the big urban cen- ‘solidarity’. How is ‘solidarity to refugees’ the aforementioned methodologies could to these learners as ‘allophones’, a term ters in the previous years, was replaced reconfigured in the new circumstances? serve in enhancing community partici- that erases their plurilingual repertoires by a new attitude –‘solidarity to refu- What is the future of ‘refugee solidarity’ pation in primary health care, sustaining and ignores their identities. The second gees’. This new attitude was made pos- in a society increasingly ridden by con- benefits from research and translating part of my presentation will focus on a sible by the re-signification of the Asian, flict? And how grassroots mobilizations findings into policy and action. multimodal literacy project designed by African and Middle-Eastern travelers from for and against the asylum seekers and a teacher/researcher working in a new- ‘migrants’ to ‘refugees’(suggesting, at contests around ‘solidarity’ impact high comer class in a secondary school in the emic level, people on the move) and level politics? Session 3 Mulhouse (Alsace) who implemented her the subsequent extension of the popular own language policy, i.e.; supporting her ‘solidarity’, which till then was applied to Artemis ALEXIADOU Anna TRIANTAFYLLIDOU students to use all their plurilingual re- the Greek victims of the crisis, to the dis- Canada Excellence Chair in Migration Professor of English Linguistics, Hum- sources to write creative autobiograph- placed travelers. In the course of 2015 and Integration, Ryerson University, Ed- boldt University of Berlin, Vice Director, ical poetry. The writing of identity texts ‘solidarity to refugees’ became elaborat- itor-in-Chief, Journal of Immigrant and Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS) was followed by a photo voice project ed from below, in grassroots humanitari- Refugee Studies, Scientific Coordinator and a correspondence with newcomer an initiatives, and was further consolidat- of Horizon project GREASE on Religious Di- Language and Migration students in a school in New York City. The ed in the context of the newly established versity and Radicalisation, and the BRaVE Languages in general and Greek in partic- analysis of the project will illustrate how a regime of humanitarian governance. It, project on Building Resilience against Vio- ular have been on the move across vari- critical, creative and multilingual literacy eventually, became hegemonic as it was lent Extremism and Polarization ous spatio-temporal trajectories for many approach that gives agency to newcomer orchestrated, in the form of a new patri- centuries. Globalization and immigration students for their own appropriation of otism, from above, at the national and EU the language of instruction, empowers levels, by the government and the media Nationalism in the 21st Century: are interconnected with language lead- Neo-tribal or Plural? ing to multi-lingual societies and speak- them to reconstruct their identities and that strategically employed the spectacle ers. These use language often in non-ca- to imagine their new life. of the humanitarian border to cultivate Nations are faced today with a new set of nonical ways, and as a result new forms an attitude of welcome. All this belongs social and economic challenges: econom- and new grammatical structures emerge. Session 4 to the past. Since the EU-Turkey deal of ic globalisation has intensified bringing This talk will address the ways language 2016 we have entered a new phase of the with it a more intense phase of cultural (Greek in particular) is affected by migra- Evthymios PAPATAXIARCHIS ‘refugee crisis’. As a radical re-bordering interconnectedness and political interde- tion. Professor, Department of Social Anthro- took place and the displaced travelers pendence. Nation-states see their sover- pology and History, University of the Ae- became trapped on the island, their place eign powers eroded and are transformed in the humanitarian regime as ‘asylum to post-national states as the political Christine HÉLOT gean, Refugeeobservatory.gr Professor Emeritus, Sociolinguist, Univer- seekers’ became contested from differ- space they govern is no longer congru- ent sides. The development of protests ent with the socio-economic space which sité de Strasbourg The rise and fall of the new patriotism 16 of “solidarity to the refugees”. Lessons by both locals and asylum seekers and transcends the national borders. None- 17 from Mytilene the intensification of conflict reached a theless, the nation continues to be a pow- The Education of Newcomers in France: climax with the ‘pogrom’ against the 200 erful source of identity and legitimacy. From a Policy of Erasure to a Pedagogy Afghan asylum seekers who occupied the We are actually witnessing in Europe and of Empowerment In 2015 we had the total reversal of the xenophobic trend that dominated Greece central square of Mytilene in April 2018. worldwide a comeback of nationalism of- My presentation will first contextual- since the beginning of the financial crisis. This was a turning point. As a good part tentimes in an aggressive, nativist and ize the language in education policy for As the hundreds of thousands of displaced of the local population withdrew its tol- populist guise. This paper seeks to offer newcomers in France (MEN, 2012), then travelers were traversing the big islands erance towards the asylum seekers and a new analytical lens through which to analyse the separate model of educa- of the Aegean and the Greek mainland on generously offered it to the violent xe- make sense of this new tide of national- tion which prioritizes the acquisition of their way to Central and Northern Europe, nophobics, the patriotism of ‘solidarity ism. It therefore reviews critically the eth- French as a supposed path to integra- there was a radical shift of local attitudes to refugees’ came to its conclusion. On nic vs civic and perennialist, primordialist, tion/inclusion, offering on the one hand towards them. ‘Hospitality to migrants’, the basis of my ethnographic experience modernist and ethnosymbolist approach- a safe space for the acquisition of French politically divided, exhausted by the polit- es to suggest that they are no longer fit tors in the three countries; a second, key This descriptive evidence suggests the longitudinal (four years) questionnaire for purpose in explaining where nations step showing the extent and quality of insufficient inclusion of immigrant mi- study is to understand resilience pat- and nationalism come from and where deliberation of Muslim actors in public norities in general, and Muslims in par- terns under which adolescent (age 12- they are headed to. The paper proposes claims-making, again in a comparative ticular, in European nations. In addition, 16) refugees and migrants gain agency a new analytical framework which dis- perspective; and a third and final step significant country variation in these and move from objects of discrimination tinguishes between plural and neo-tribal with a more explanatory twist in an at- identification gaps suggest that some and inequalities to successful school nationalism, focusing on how nations in- tempt to show the correlates of Muslims’ national identities are more inclusive of students. The project will refine the un- teract with diversity and permeability in public deliberation. The concluding sec- Muslim immigrants than others. Taking derstanding of resilience factors and the 21st century context. tion will recall the main argument and an intergroup relations approach to the analyze how they affect educational summarize the main findings of the anal- civic integration of Muslim immigrants, outcomes. The project empirically iden- ysis. we establish that beyond individual reli- tifies and compares pathways for policy Session 5 giosity (strong religion), social integra- actions in schools and communities to Marco GIUGNI Karen PHALET tion (intergroup contact) plays a major tackle factors on why and how young Professor, Center for Social and Cultural role in explaining specifically religious immigrants and refugee adults find it dif- Professor in the Department of Political differences in national identification in ficult to succeed in schools. These resil- Science and International Relations, Di- Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven multigroup multilevel mediation models, ience pathways will address differences rector of the Institute of Citizenship Stud- whereas discrimination experiences pre- in individual and social risks and identify ies (InCite), University of Geneva In collaboration with Fenella Fleischmann (Utrecht University) dict lower national identification across protective factors for young immigrants Muslim and non-Muslim immigrants alike. and refugee adults to overcome obsta- Deliberative Citizenship: Claims-Making Our comparative findings thus establish cles linked to discrimination and low and Deliberation by Muslim Actors in Religion and civic integration: A cross-na- tional comparison of Muslim immigrant contextual variation in the inclusiveness educational outcomes (Masten, 2015; Britain, France, and Switzerland of intergroup relations and European na- Ungar, 2011). We combine theory on cu- youth in Europe This work narrows down the analysis to tional identities - with policy implications mulative discrimination (Blank 2005) different types of actors, looking at how How inclusive are European civil societies for the civic integration of Muslim immi- with theory on resilience (Khanlou & Wray they deliberate in public claims-mak- of Muslim immigrant minorities and how grant minorities in particular. 2014; Kassis et al. 2013): Small variation ing and how this varies across our three can we explain country differences in in- in treatment in different life domains can clusiveness? To address these questions, countries. Our main focus is obviously Session 6 accumulate into significant ethnic dis- on Muslim actors, but we will also look at we draw on large-scale cross-national advantage, but protective individual, fa- CILS surveys of Muslim immigrant minori- the claims-making by other actors from Prof. Dr. Wassilis KASSIS milial, and school related characteristics the civil society, so as to further char- ty and non-Muslim majority and other im- can also facilitate advancement related migrant minority youth in five European School of Education, University of Applied to educational success. Analyses: By run- acterize the structure of public debates Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzer- in the three countries and also to have a countries (Children of Immigrants Longi- ning Latent Class Analyses (Muthen & Mu- tudinal Survey [CILS] in Belgium, England, land then, 2017) we’re analyzing specific la- reference point for assessing the extent Prof. Dr. Christos GOVARIS and quality of deliberation of Muslim Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden). tent school-resilience patterns (profiles) Against the background of public concern Department of Primary Education, Univer- for migrants-students, refugee-students actors. The main goal of our analysis in sity of Thessaly 18 this chapter is to characterize the delib- about the alleged ‘failed citizenship’ of im- and students without migration-back- 19 erative quality and the main features of migrant minorities in Europe, we focus on ground in order to predict students’ satis- external, public deliberation by Muslim a well-documented gap in national identi- Do migrant and refugee high school stu- faction of basic psychological needs (au- actors, based on claims-making data. The fication between immigrant minority and dents have specific school-resilience tonomy, competence, and relatedness) work unfolds as follows. To begin with, we majority populations. Our double com- patterns in order to satisfy basic psy- following self-determination theory (Deci discuss some theoretical elements con- parison of national identification across chological needs? & Ryan, 2011). The patterns are consisted cerning the presence of Muslims in the groups and countries reveals that nation- by the respective levels of (a) the hscl- al identities are less strongly endorsed by Despite existing inequalities, the litera- 25 hopkins symptom scale (Derogatis et public domain and their claims-making. ture hardly provides empirically validated Then we move to the claims-making data. all immigrant minority groups compared al, 1974), (b) stress-level (Byrne, 2007), with the majority reference group, but insights about the educational socializa- (c) the Big Five Inventory (Rammst- The analysis follows three steps: a first, tion pathways of migrants and refugees general step describing the claims-mak- national identification is lowest across edt, 2013), (d) the resilience scale for the board among Muslim immigrants. in particular. The main goal of the inter- adolescents (Hjemdal et al, 2006), (e) ing of Muslim actors as well as other ac- national (Germany, Greece, Switzerland) Rosenberg-Self-Esteem-Scale (Rosen- sessions and analyzed qualitatively. The en-for-granted ideas that underpin cur- immigrants residing in Greece (N= 233). berg, 1985), (f) perceived self-efficacy findings shed light on the conflicts and rent policies. Second, archipelagic think- It was hypothesized that perceived dis- (Jerusalem & Schwarzer. 1992), and (g) barriers that women confront through- ing, associated particularly with Édouard crimination would be related negatively satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al., out their studies and careers in science in Glissant, and which potentially can re- to immigrants’ psychological well-being, 1985). various geo-sociopolitical contexts. More fashion ‘mainland’, territorially based both directly and indirectly. A positive importantly, the findings of this study thinking. Third, a theory of social eco- relationship was expected between per- Prof. Dr. Lucy AVRAAMIDOU reveal the situated nature of recognition tones, inadequately theorized at the mo- ceived discrimination and separation Associate Professor and Rosalind Frank- or more precisely the politics of recogni- ment, but which allows socially diverse and a negative relationship between lin Fellow, Institute for Science Education tion especially in male-dominated, and interactive spaces to be distinguished discrimination and integration, or assim- and Communication, Groningen Universi- predominantly White disciplines, such from predominantly monocultural spac- ilation. It was, also, expected a positive ty as physics. To challenge this, academic es. Using these perspectives, I hold that a relationship of perceived discrimination institutions in general and physics in par- multiply located transnational polity can to interdependent self-construal and a Becoming a science person: Identities ticular need to be re-imagined as diverse emerge between, within and across the negative relationship to independent in/out of place and the politics of recog- worlds where multiple ways of being are current nation-state system. In this pro- self-construal. Furthermore, it was ex- nition recognized, where minoritized groups will jection, that polity is called ‘Refugia’. amined the mediating role of separation not have to compartmentalize parts of in the association of perceived discrimi- In this talk I will narrate the stories of their identities to exist, and where they nation with psychological well-being and three women scientists’ narratives, which can perform their authentic, unique, and Prof. Konstantinos PAPAGEORGIOU the moderating role of interdependent tell their stories of becoming science per- intersectional identities. School of Law, National and Kapodistrian self-construal in the association of per- sons; essentially, stories of forming a sci- University of Athens ceived discrimination with psychologi- ence identity. The value of this narrative Session 7 cal well-being. According to the results, account of identity development is found From duties to refugees to duties to im- perceived discrimination was positive- within the potential of gaining an under- migrants ly related to separation and negatively standing about the stories that people Robin COHEN to integration, but was related neither carry with them and how these stories Professor Emeritus of Development Stud- to independent nor to interdependent are nested in larger narratives, such as ies, Senior Research Fellow, Kellogg Col- self-construal. Perceived discrimination migration, racism, and sexism. The study lege, University of Oxford Day 2 was, also, positively related to depression adopts an intersectionality theoretical Session 1 directly. The indirect effects of perceived framing and examines how science iden- New Perspectives on Displacement: Uto- discrimination on psychological well-be- tity interacts with race, gender, ethnic- pias, Archipelagos and Social Ecotones Evangelia KATERI ing were through the acculturation at- ity, culture and religion and the ways in It is easy to see that the international ref- Psychologist, Adjunct Lecturer, Depart- titude of separation. Fewer depressive which this interplay affects women’s de- ugee regime is not working well, and that ment of Psychology, University of Crete symptoms were reported by those immi- cision to participate in science. The three there are compelling pragmatic reasons Evangelos C. KARADEMAS grants who face discrimination but also participants were selected because they why ‘we’ (a vaguely defined moral com- Psychologist, Professor of Clinical Health select separation. Immigrants with high have very distinct social positioning and munity of policymakers, NGOs and aca- Psychology, Department of Psychology, levels of interdependence, also, do seem 20 diverse life-histories. Shruti is a woman demics) need to change course. But are University of Crete to be protected from depression and anx- 21 of color who was born and raised in India, we thinking too narrowly and reactive- iety. The interpretation of these findings studied in the US and is currently an un- ly? Should we develop more ambitious Perceived Discrimination and Psycholog- signifies that, when immigrants who per- dergraduate physics student in Western ideas and plans that leapfrog the con- ceive discrimination choose separation Europe. Amina is a Muslim, early-career ical Well-Being among Immigrants Living from the host country, they may reduce straints of methodological nationalism in Greece physics instructor in Western Europe, and long-held assumptions and policies. their depression feelings, by fitting into who was born in Turkey and studied in the Here, drawing on work with Nicholas Van The present study was based on the relationships with in-group members. US. Maxine is a more experienced physics Hear, I argue that we need to elaborate rejection-identification model. Accul- Interdependence and the perception of instructor in Western Europe, in the same three new (or revived) perspectives. First, turation attitudes, self-construal, per- immigrants self as a social unit, also, may country where she was born and raised, utopian thought, which is often casual- sonal perceived discrimination and psy- act protectively for their psychological who studied in the US. Data were collect- ly dismissed, but can form the bedrock chological well-being were examined well-being, enhancing the identification ed through multiple individual interview for imaginative alternatives to the tak- simultaneously in Albanian and Indian with the in-group, as well. paramount significance of ‘the social’ in speakers (Damanakis, 2014). Recent Kostas KOUKOUZELIS The ‘social’ in migration decision-mak- migration decision-making. This is entan- studies (e.g. Chatzidaki 2019) suggest Assistant Professor, Philosophy and So- ing: Greece’s changing emigration envi- gled with ‘the economic’ to such a degree that these schools are nowadays per- cial Studies Department, University of ronment at times of crisis that any theory that does not sufficiently ceived by their teaching staff as provid- Crete pays attention to it is not only partial, but ing a familiar linguistic, educational and In a 1981 article Kubat and Hoff- misleading too. It further suggests that cultural environment for teenagers trau- mann-Nowotny inverted an underlying emigration may be expected to continue matized by the immigration experience. Reclaiming cosmopolitanism: migrants’ assumption in most migration theories, protests and border controls irrespectively of the developments of the This perception of Greek state schools namely the belief that people are essen- Greek economy’s performance. as ‘safe havens’ has obviously increased The paper will make an effort to defend tially sedentary. Claiming that people their salience and provided new legitima- the argument that a certain interpre- are mobile by nature meant subscribing cy to their operation. In this paper we ad- to yet another essentialism. However, Aspa CHATZIDAKI tation of migrants’ protests should be Associate Professor, Department of Pri- dress the issue of teachers’ ideologies re- taken as a manifestation of reclaiming despite its crudeness, their thesis does garding their students’ bilingualism and have analytical value in deconstructing mary Education, University of Crete, cosmopolitanism. On the empirical part Member of UCRC board learner identities, using the findings of a of the argument, I will briefly remind us the belief that people are free agents and small, qualitative study which took place of migrants’ protests in Idomeni, Greece, highlighting that individual migrants de- Greek state schools in Germany; teach- in November 2016 in two high schools in regarding borders’ closure. Did migrants cide whether or not to move within social the state of Nord-Rhein Westfallen. claim certain rights, such as the right to and discursive constraints. Building on ers’ language ideologies in the light of mobility? Did they claim state citizen- this premise, this presentation aims to new migration ship? Moving on to the normative part relativise the monocausal character of Germany has received a considerable Session 3 of the argument it will be revealed that several migration theories, that explain number of Greek ‘guest workers’ since there is something inherent in migrants’ migration by attributing a deterministic the ‘60s, the majority of whom initially Maria STRATIGAKI acts of protesting that might be taken as significance to economic factors in dis- planned to return. As a response to the Associate Professor, Department of Social reclaiming cosmopolitanism of a certain pense of social and/or political factors. immigrants’ wish to provide their children Policy, Panteion University of Social and kind. Migrants’ protests challenge border Focusing on the Greek emigration that with an education allowing them to main- Political Sciences, f. Vice Mayor for Social controls and the state’s supposed ‘right followed the county’s economic crisis tain their language and culture, the Greek Solidarity, Welfare and Equality at the City to exclude’. This is, arguably, based on it draws on 34 in-depth interviews with state set up a number of primary and of Athens (2014-2019) freedom as non-domination, which takes Greek migrants in Amsterdam and Lon- secondary schools (K-12) in various Ger- the form of a particular kind of cosmopol- don, ethnographic research conducted in man states, operating under Greek law Migrants and refugees in the City of Ath- itanism, which is not exclusively moral, Amsterdam and survey material. Reces- and following the mainland’s curriculum. ens: Challenges, policies, social integra- but also political. Finally, I will distinguish sion and austerity have made migration In such schools, teachers are seconded tion my approach from a recently argued the- a survival strategy for several people who from Greece and German is taught for sis, called the ‘autonomy of migration’ are finding it hard to make ends meet in a few hours per week as a subject. Their In late 2014 the City of Athens started thesis, which exclusively focuses on free- Greece. However, there are many others graduates have the additional benefit of to receive large inflows of refugees and dom of movement. Instead of conceiving in less pressing need also leaving the gaining entrance to Greek universities migrants from the Aegean islands. Large migrants as individuals wanting to move country who present their migration as with relatively low grades, and as a result, squares of the City were occupied by 22 freely across borders, it seems both more something they were considering already they have been an extremely popular tents of (“transit”) refugees who asked 23 plausible and closer to justice to acknowl- long ago. Focusing on the latter category, option for Greek immigrant families for for papers allowing them (not to stay in edge they are already cosmopolitan citi- this presentation discusses how the crisis the last forty years (Damanakis, 2007; the country but) to travel to the North of zens of a certain kind. in Greece has altered everyday discourse 2011). The recent financial crisis has led Europe. Today, 5 years later, the City of on emigration and loosened up social the Greek authorities to start abolishing Athens hosts at the Elaionas camp 1700 constraints towards long distance mo- these schools, much to the dismay of the guests, rents 320 private apartments for Session 2 bility, ultimately altering the emigration parents. At the same time, however, ‘new hosting 1.820 asylum seekers and ref- environment in the country. Exploring ugees, provides social and educational Manolis PRATSINAKIS migration’ in Germany has led to a signif- migrants’ aspirations, their social net- icant increase in students’ enrollment in services to refugees and migrants, im- Onassis Felllow, Department of Politics works abroad and the reactions of friends Greek schools shifting the balance of the plements a large scale European project and International Relations, University of and kin back home on their decision to school population towards native Greek for Urban Innovation models of holistic Oxford leave, it highlights and analyzes the approach to refugees’ integration, coor- dinates 95 public and non-governmen- search proposal suggests a genealogical temporary challenges, and future pros- tal organizations actively working in the analysis of power relations involved in at- There have been significant changes post pects tempts to govern the mobility of migrant 2016 that affected migrant entry, stay field (“Athens Coordination Center for Mi- Over the past 30 years, Greece gradual- grants and Refugees”). The City of Athens newcomers, manage their reception and and/or exit from Greece. During the mi- integration. We focus on the folding and gration ‘crisis’ of 2015, Greece occupied a ly transformed into a migrant receiving has also set up a network of Greek inte- country. During this period, the public dis- grating cities for inter-municipal collabo- refolding of two distinct but interacting transitory position in the migratory jour- systems that compose the reception of ney. The introduction of the hotspot ap- course, the legal framework and a series ration. Policy responses to the unexpect- of National Action Plans focused on the ed and unprecedented social problems migrants in Greece in the various recent proach, introduction of Schengen border historical periods and today – the ‘infor- controls and the closure of the Western pivotal issue of migrant integration. Since were also scattered, fragmented and con- 2015, particular emphasis is placed by fusing. Squeezed between different and mal’ and the ‘formal’ one. The ‘formal’ Balkan route, transformed Greece into system of reception, combining humani- a place of strandedness and immobility both government and non-government changing legal frameworks and migrant actors into the integration of the refugee status (relocation, integration, repatri- tarian and security machinery and prac- for most arrivals. In the framework of the tices, emerged during the last decade to CEASEVAL project, research sought to to population residing in the country. The ation schemes etc), between different aim of this presentation is to outline the levels of public governance (Municipal- address the ‘newly arrived’ migrants. An understand the role of institutionalised ‘official infrastructure’ has been set up practices applied in Greece, in govern- historical context within which the inte- ity, Regions, Ministry, European Union) gration policy for migrants and refugees and facing ambivalent reactions by locals and over the years by diverse agents and ing the mobility trajectories of migrants jurisdictions; recently it has the ambition at different stages of their journey (on was developed in the previous decades, (from total rejection to warm welcome) and outline the main challenges of each the City of Athens had to deal with this of addressing the needs of a longer/de arrival, in the mainland and potentially facto staying of migrants in the Greek ter- transit) and how these delignate migrant period. Finally, taking under consider- new situation at the Center of the City ation the National Integration Strategy quickly and effectively. This paper pres- ritory. ‘Informal’ reception refers to infra- presence and movement within and be- structures established by intra and extra yond Greece. By looking at the gover- that was recently published, it aims to ents the main policies developed by the highlight the present and future chal- City of Athens and the relevant Ministry, migrant relations, which develop in the nance of national asylum reception sys- identifies obstacles and highlights some context of overlapping displacements: tems we understand the extent to which lenges if the issue at hand. future challenges in policy making, in migrants’ encampments, transit areas, their implementation impacts migrant particular regarding the social integra- jungles; as well as various mechanisms presence in the country, but also poten- Nikolaos PAPADAKIS tion of those who (willingly or –more of- that support life in prolonged limbo. Our tially their transit/secondary movement. Professor and Director of the Centre of ten- unwillingly) remained permanently aim is to lean on a genealogy of ‘informal’ Semi structured interviews took place Political Research & Documentation, De- in the City. and ‘formal’ reception and integration with border agents, asylum service, NGOs partment of Political Science, Universi- practices as potentially opening up the and housing actors as well as migrants ty of Crete, Deputy Director of UCRC Vassilis ARAPOGLOU ongoing discussion on the governmental- that arrived in Greece post March 20th Associate Professor, Department of So- ity of migrant mobility by highlighting the 2016. Migrants encounter different bor- The challenge of Multi-culturalism: The- ciology, University of Crete, Member of power of the counter-conduct in its mak- der practices on arrival, depending on oretical insights and policy implications UCRC board ing, exclusionary as well as inclusionary their point of entry and nationality. This Multiculturalism seems to be the most Regina MANTANIKA state strategies, and a complex geogra- in turn impacts differently access to asy- complicated challenge to the traditional European University Institute - Global phy of migrant mobility and settlement lum, access to housing and employment, models of democracy, according to Dahl. 24 Governance Programme, & Department of involving a multitude of spaces that are and by extension lived experiences and The presentation mainly deals with the 25 Sociology, University of Crete created in between the borders. opportunities for movement within and ongoing theoretical debate concerning beyond Greece. multiculturalism and cultural diversi- From ‘First Reception’ to integration (?) Dr. Angeliki DIMITRIADI ty. Subsequently, it mainly focuses on The governance of migrant mobility and Senior Research Fellow & Head of Migra- Session 4 Charles Taylor’s theoretical legacy on transformations of statecraft in Greece tion Programme, Hellenic Foundation for “equal worth”, “mutual recognition” and since the late 90’s European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) Angelo TRAMOUNTANIS equal handling, as well as on the approach of moral liberalism and Will Kymlicka’s lib- This paper stands for a research project Researcher, National Centre for Social Re- Governing migrant mobility to and from search (EKKE) eral theory of minority rights. Further, the in its initial phase and rather than putting Greece through divergent practices of presentation provides a brief overview of forward any conclusions, it seeks to open first reception: evidence from the Cea- the major current challenges, that the EU up paths for future exploration. The re- The Greek integration policy for migrants sEVAL project and refugees: historical context, con- is facing regarding its migration policy (given, among others, the impact of the nants shaping anti-refugee and anti-im- have been dealing with refugees. In other ed into the social and economic struc- refugee crisis). migrant attitudes in Greece. Understand- words, I will try to capture the contingent tures of the host country. Based on this ing public attitudes towards different character of new geographies of control challenge, the research project “Detec- migrant groups, such as immigrants and that occurred with the establishment tion and classification of perspectives for Session 5 refugees, becomes an important task in of the ‘hotspot approach’, in correlation the inclusion of refugees in the Greek pro- times of high inflow of people seeking with the shifts in state sovereignty as it duction system. Case study in Crete and Stefania KALOGERAKI protection. The findings hold potential has been repositioned through the active Mytilene” aims to record the needs and Assistant Professor, Department of So- lessons about the policy aspects to be involvement of non-state actors – from skills of refugees and at the same time ciology, University of Crete addressed in order to ameliorate negative non-governmental organisations to inter- to explore the prospects and conditions stances and ensure that refugees and im- national organisations and EU agencies for their integration into the Greek social Attitudes towards immigrants and Syr- migrants are successfully integrated into – in the refugee/migration management. and economic system. Consequently, a ian refugees during the refugee crisis: Greek society. Finally, the new challenges that appear in case study includes the conduction of The case of Greece the post-crisis period, i.e. the question of structured interviews with refugees in Since 2015 Europe has been facing sig- Dimitris PARSANOGLOU social integration of refugees, will be dis- Mytilene, where a large number is host- nificant migration challenges. An arc of Temporary Lecturer and Senior Research- cussed in the light of relevant political ini- ed, in combination with the conduction crises from Northern Africa to Afghani- er, Department of Social Policy, Panteion tiatives and measures undertaken during of semi-structured interviews with entre- stan, from the Middle East to the Med- University of Social and Political Sciences the last three years. preneurs and social partners in both Crete iterranean Sea, has caused a massive and Mytilene. The main aim was to iden- number of refugees and asylum seek- Crisis upon crisis: theoretical and polit- Dimitriοs KOTROYANNOS tify the different perspectives and atti- ers fleeing conflict and persecution and ical reflection on Greece’s response to Professor, Director of the Centre for tudes that may exist and to investigate seeking safety in Europe. Greece became the ‘refugee crisis’ Human Rights (KEADIK), Department the conditions, problems, requirements one of the major entry points by the sea of Political Science, University of Crete and generally all the necessary param- as high numbers of refugees and asylum Crisis has for a long time been the de- Dr. Stylianos Ioannis TZAGKARAKIS eters in order to integrate them into the seekers, primarily originated from Syria, fining term when describing any de- labor market. Crete was selected in order velopment in Greece. The dramatic in- Postdoctoral researcher, Department of entered its territory en route to wealthier Political Science, University of Crete, & Re- to test the hypothesis that it is a poten- European countries. The unprecedented crease of refugee flows in 2015-16 was tial refugee integration area and conse- approached from the very beginning in searcher of the Centre for Human Rights high number of refugees has triggered (KEADIK) quently, the identification of integration contradicting public reactions in Greece. terms of crisis, basically of a humanitar- prospects and attitudes in the different On the one hand natives’ responses in- ian nature. It was also coupled with the labor market sectors was considered economic crisis in two ways: either as an Aspects of refugees’ socio-economic crucial. Finally, narrative interviews with cluded warm welcoming gestures, but integration prospects in insular Greece: on the other hand increasing trends in additional burden on a country hampered integrated immigrants and refugees in already by an ongoing sovereign-debt cri- Outcomes from the case study in Crete Crete complete the triangulated research anti-refugee attitudes have been report- and Mytilene islands ed. The paper using survey data from the sis and economic recession; or as another strategy and provide useful information EU-funded TransSOL project and incorpo- (missed) opportunity for the EU member Greece has experienced a huge wave on the problems, prospects and needs rating an ethnic competition theoretical states to show essential solidarity among of refugee and immigrant inflows after that exist and potentially may affect new 26 framework explores Greeks’ attitudes them in order to deal with a ‘European 2015 which have generated an exten- refugees’ integration process. 27 towards Syrian refugees fleeing armed problem’. In this paper, I will reflect upon sive amount of needs and challenges for the theoretical and political implications conflict and individuals perceived as policy makers. In particular, although Session 6 immigrants who voluntarily emigrate. of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ both in immediate humanitarian intervention is Although some scholars advocate that terms of governance and sovereignty. still a major priority, the construction of a I will be based on the analysis of legal Dr. Maria XENITIDOU public opinion towards migrants is more long-term strategy for their further com- Research Fellow, Department of Sociolo- and administrative developments that prehensive and successful integration positive when migration is perceived to gy, University of Crete be forced rather than voluntary, the find- occurred or were reinforced within the into the social and economic system is a ‘refugee crisis’; I will moreover demon- crucial challenge. This is obvious as long ings show that more Greeks’ oppose Syri- Negotiating mobility and belonging in an refugees than immigrants. In addition, strate, through empirical research focus- as a significant number of refugees who the analysis indicates some common but ing on different relevant stakeholders, have entered the country after 2015 will the contexts of Grexit & Brexit: a study of also some distinct individual determi- pre-existing and emerging internal con- remain and therefore should be integrat- discourses in Greece & the UK tradictions between different actors who The project interrogates constructions Maria PASCHOU Session 7 Gábor JELENFI of mobility and belonging in the UK and Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of So- Faculty of Social Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Greece and the categories that are made ciology, University of Crete Yannis PAPADOPOULOS University relevant and implicated in them. It is in- Angelos LOUKAKIS Research Fellow, Institute for Mediterra- Róbert TARDOS spired by two crucial and topical ques- PhD Candidate, Department of Sociology, nean Studies/ FORTH Faculty of Social Sciences, Eötvös Loránd tions: who belongs where within the na- University of Crete University tional and EU contexts; who benefits and Maria KOUSIS Migration from Greece to Brazil during who is left out from the EU integration Professor, Department of Sociology Uni- the early Post WWII period: a successful Cognitive maps, social distance and na- regime. We interrogate the relationship versity of Crete and Director of UCRC exemple of international migration man- tional stereotypes in times of crisis: The between mobility and belonging as ques- agement? case of Greece and Hungary tions about who can move and be where are expected to be related to questions Political claims analysis on the refugee Until the end of WWII Brazil had attracted Since both Hungary and Greece were sig- about who belongs within normative and crisis in the Greek public sphere, 2015-16 relatively few immigrants from Greece. nificantly affected by the 2015 refugee institutional rationales of movement and As the main gateway to Europe, from the After the end of the War Greek newspa- flow and its consequences, the immigra- identity. Through the cases of Greece Middle East, Greece witnessed unprec- pers started to publish articles praising tion issue became part and parcel of Hun- and the UK the project focuses on con- edented refugee inflows in 2015, when the economic development of Brazil and garian and Greek public discourse. We structions of mobility and belonging the country was still suffering the reper- the possibilities it offered to prospective reconstructed empirically how the Hun- critically assessing what they mean to cussions of the 2008 economic crisis. immigrants. In a period when migration garian and Greek mass media contribut- different people (lay actors, the media, As austerity further impaired the unpre- to the United States was not possible, ed to the construction of “”the refugee practitioners, political elites) and how paredness of the state to manage this due to restrictive regulations, Brazil was crisis””. From the temporal dynamic of they potentially shape different identi- massive human flow, a series of events described as the new “Eldorado”. In this related topics emerge that these issues ty and citizenship constructions. This is between August 2015 and April 2016 context, the Greek government favored entered public discourse in Hungary be- topical, on the one hand, as interpreta- triggered political debates and attracted emigration to improve and stabilize eco- fore Greece, although Greece was first to tions of EU integration, Grexit and Brexit media attention, with the alarming situa- nomic conditions and prevent social in- be impacted by the refugee flow. In order present considerable variation. Taken for tion of this unforeseen wage of refugees stability. The Brazilian governments of to compare public opinion concerning the granted assumptions may fail to capture being thereafter framed a crisis. This that period continued the policy of set- refugee issue we conducted two parallel the uptake of notions such as migration, presentation deals with the mediated tling its hinterland and wanted to use online surveys in Hungary and Greece mobility, identity, belonging and citizen- public discourse on the so called “refu- imported workforce, in addition to the at the end of 2016. In fact, this survey ship ‘on the ground’, or reify distinctions gee crisis”, which is shaped by the polit- Brazilian landless agricultural workers, dealt with aspects of ingroup/outgroup between core and periphery inter alia. ical claims raised by various actors in the to increase agricultural production and relationships, values and stereotypes, On the other hand, focusing on Greece mainstream press during the aforemen- introduce innovative techniques. The or social distances. The starting point of and the UK, specifically, enables an in- tioned period. By means of political claim newly founded Intergovernmental Com- the present lecture is the seminal work of depth (while not inward-looking) study of analysis which was carried out under the mittee for Migration from Europe (ICEM) Buchanan and Cantril, titled How Nations these constructions, rather than masking TransSOL (Horizon2020) project, our in- was supposed to serve as an interme- See Each Other, adapted with attention to them under an emphasis on comparative vestigation has aimed to a better under- diate mechanism between sending and the period span and timely issues related insights. We explore these through em- standing of the chronicle of the crisis. By receiving states of the “Western World”. to our study. From the semantic network 28 pirical scrutiny, focusing on everyday, using 711 randomly selected claims from The paper will present an overview of the of Greek samples we concluded that the 29 public and political discourse. We focus the national newspapers Kathimerini, Ta PostWWII migration wave from Greece to majority of preferred Greek autostereo- on multiple discursive contexts to explore Nea and Proto Thema, this presentation Brazil and assess the efforts of ICEM to types are positive. The same attributes questions such as where and who bene- outlines the main features of the public regulate migration by providing services connect Greeks and Russians. Between fits and who is left out from an integrat- sphere, such as the protagonists of pub- in the processing, reception, first place- Greeks and Hungarians, debonair and ing Europe, considering that policies and lic debates, the main issues discussed, ment and settlement of migrants. hardworking represent strong ties, while laws provide the institutional framework the form of the claims and the actors who the last one links Greeks and Germans. for membership and integration (and by were held responsible to react. Our find- Nikos FOKAS Finally, Germans and Americans are com- implication non-membership and exclu- ings manifest how the debate escalated Professor of Sociology, Institute of So- monly characterized as conceited. This is sion respectively), but that these are also and allows to critically reflect on the pa- ciology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), a summary evaluation of western-type matters of everyday social relations and rameters which shaped the national dis- Budapest societies by Greeks. The wide survey’s public debate. course on the refugee crisis. and online dailies’ database enable us to apply network techniques which involved a 2-mode network treatment of attributes my notes and national-ethnic entities for revealing the “”cognitive maps””. These cognitive maps, and cultural distances derived from images of other groups, presented a research area calling for a renewed appli- cation of the catnet concept introduced by Harrison White.

30 Scientific-Organizing Committee

Maria Kousis (Director of UCRC) Nikolaos Papadakis (Deputy Director of UCRC) Elena Anagnostopoulou (UCRC, Representative of School of Philosophy) Vassilis Arapoglou (UCRC, Representative of School of Social Sciences) Aspa Chatzidaki (UCRC, Representative of School of Education Sciences) Stavroula Tsinorema (UCRC, Alternate Representative, School of Philosophy) Konstantinos Kafetsios (UCRC, f. Alternate Representative, School of Social Sciences) Dimitris Stavrou (UCRC, Alternate Representative, School of Education Sciences) Katerina Blavaki (UCRC, Head of the Research Support Unit)

Sponsors Co-organized Emmanuel by UCRC and Kugiumutzis, the Regional President of Unit of the World Rethymnon, With the Council of Cultural Crete Region of Crete support of the Rethymno Mare Cretans USA Municipality of Hotels Rethymnon

Art Direction: Anna Arkoulaki, E-media, University of Crete