In the Underground Struggle Against Hitler
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JBC Book Clubs Discussion Guide Created in Partnership with Picador Jewishbookcouncil.Org
JBC Book Clubs Discussion Guide Created in partnership with Picador Jewishbookcouncil.org Jewish Book Council Contents: 20th Century Russia: In Brief 3 A Glossary of Cultural References 7 JBC Book Clubs Discussion Questions 16 Recipes Inspired by The Yid 20 Articles of Interest and Related Media 25 Paul Goldberg’s JBC Visiting Scribe Blog Posts 26 20th Century Russia: In Brief After the Russian Revolution of 1917 ended the Czar- Stalin and the Jews ist autocracy, Russia’s future was uncertain, with At the start of the Russian Revolution, though reli- many political groups vying for power and ideolog- gion and religiosity was considered outdated and su- ical dominance. This led to the Russian Civil War perstitious, anti-Semitism was officially renounced (1917-1922), which was primarily a war between the by Lenin’s soviet (council) and the Bolsheviks. Bolsheviks (the Red Army) and those who opposed During this time, the State sanctioned institutions of them. The opposing White Army was a loose collec- Yiddish culture, like GOSET, as a way of connecting tion of Russian political groups and foreign nations. with the people and bringing them into the Commu- Lenin’s Bolsheviks eventually defeated the Whites nist ideology. and established Soviet rule through all of Russia un- der the Russian Communist Party. Following Lenin’s Though Stalin was personally an anti-Semite who death in 1924, Joseph Stalin, the Secretary General of hated “yids” and considered the enemy Menshevik the RCP, assumed leadership of the Soviet Union. Party an organization of Jews (as opposed to the Bolsheviks which he considered to be Russian), as Under Stalin, the country underwent a period of late as 1931, he continued to condemn anti-Semitism. -
Political Views of Paul Robeson - Wikipedia
8/27/2021 Political views of Paul Robeson - Wikipedia [ Political views of Paul Robeson. (Accessed Aug. 27, 2021). Overview Wikipedia. ] Political views of Paul Robeson Entertainer and activist Paul Robeson's political philosophies and outspoken views about domestic and international Communist countries and movements were the subject of great concern to the western mass media and the United States Government, during the Cold War. His views also caused controversy within the ranks of black organizations and the entertainment industry. Robeson was never officially identified as a member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), domestically or internationally. Robeson's beliefs in socialism, his ties to the CPUSA and leftist trade unions, and his experiences in the USSR continue to cause controversy among historians and scholars as well as fans and journalists. Contents First visit to the Soviet Union (1934) Soviet constitution and anti-racist climate Robeson's early views on the USSR and communism is greate for the peoples Reactions to Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Tenney Committee statement Mundt-Nixon Bill and Smith Act Itzik Feffer meeting and concert in Tchaikovsky Hall (June 1949) Accounts of the meeting Robeson's speaks publicly of Feffer Silence on Stalin Jackie Robinson's testimony to HUAC (April 1949) Views on Stalin Stalin Peace Prize and Stalin eulogy (1952–1953) Robeson and House Un-American Activities Committee (1956) Possible challenge to Soviet policies Later views of communism (1960s) References First visit to the Soviet Union (1934) Robeson journeyed to the Soviet Union in December 1934, via Germany, having been given an official invitation. While there, Robeson was welcomed by playwrights, artists and filmmakers, among them Sergei Eisenstein who became a close friend.[1] Robeson also met with African Americans who had migrated to the USSR including his two brothers-in-law.[2] Robeson was accompanied by his wife, Eslanda Goode Robeson and his biographer and friend, Marie Seton. -
The Night of the Murdered Poets a GREAT JEWISH BOOKS TEACHER WORKSHOP RESOURCE KIT
The Night of the Murdered Poets A GREAT JEWISH BOOKS TEACHER WORKSHOP RESOURCE KIT Teachers’ Guide This guide accompanies resources that can be found at: http://teachgreatjewishbooks.org/resource-kits/night-murdered-poets. Introduction This guide offers one entry point to the complicated history of Yiddish culture in the Soviet Union by unpacking one of the tragic endpoints of that history. “The Night of the Murdered Poets” refers to August 12, 1952, when thirteen Jewish citizens of the Soviet Union were executed by the state after having been convicted of “nationalist activity” and espionage. Five of those killed were among the most prominent surviving Yiddish writers in the Soviet Union, and so for many people their deaths came to mark an end of Soviet Yiddish culture and a final proof of Stalin’s murderous anti-Semitism. It should be noted that “The Night of the Murdered Poets” is a misnomer on two important counts. First, only four of the thirteen victims were poets, though several others were prominent writers, intellectuals, and cultural figures; what really connected the group was their affiliation with an organization called the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. While the JAFC was supported by the Soviet government during World War Two as it worked to rally international Jewish support (and funding) for the war effort, after the war the very fact that the committee appealed to Jews around the world caused it to be branded as nationalist and therefore criminal in the Soviet Union. Secondly, the night of the execution was only the end of an ordeal that had gone on for years. -
Of Paul Robeson 53
J. Karp: The “Hassidic Chant” of Paul Robeson 53 Performing Black-Jewish Symbiosis: The “Hassidic Chant” of Paul Robeson JONATHAN KARP* On May 9, 1958, the African American singer and political activist Paul Robeson (1898–1976) performed “The Hassidic [sic] Chant of Levi Isaac,” along with a host of spirituals and folk songs, before a devoted assembly of his fans at Carnegie Hall. The “Hassidic Chant,” as Robeson entitled it, is a version of the Kaddish (Memorial Prayer) attributed to the Hasidic rebbe (master), Levi Yitzhak of Berditchev (1740–1810), a piece also known as the “Din Toyre mit Got” (“The Lawsuit with God”). According to tradition, Levi Yizhak had composed the song spontaneously on a Rosh Hashanah as he contemplated the steadfast faith of his people in the face of their ceaseless suffering. He is said to have stood in the synagogue before the open ark where the Torah scrolls reside and issued his complaint directly to God: a gut morgn dir, riboynoy shel oylem; ikh, levi yitzhak ben sarah mi-barditchev, bin gekumen tzu dir mit a din toyre fun dayn folk yisroel. vos host-tu tzu dayn folk yisroel; un vos hos-tu zich ongezetst oyf dayn folk yisroel? A good day to Thee, Lord of the Universe! I, Levi Yitzhak, son of Sarah, from Berditchev, Bring against you a lawsuit on behalf of your People, Israel. What do you have against your People, Israel? Why have your so oppressed your People, Israel?1 After this questioning of divine justice, Levi Yitzhak proceeded to chant the Kaddish in attestation to God’s sovereignty and supremacy. -
Leftist, Jewish, and Canadian Identities Voiced in the Repertoire of the Toronto Jewish Folk Choir, 1939-19591
Leftist, Jewish, and Canadian Identities Voiced in the Repertoire of the Toronto Jewish Folk Choir, 1939-19591 Benita Wolters-Fredlund Abstract: This article focuses on a twenty-year period of the Toronto Jewish Folk Choir, during which the ensemble was conducted by Emil Gartner. Considering historical contexts, including political pressures and social frameworks, the author shows how repertoire choices were linked to overlapping patterns of identity, notably the choir as a voice for progressive political ideas, as a Jewish community group, and as a player in the emerging multicultural Canadian fabric._________________________ The Toronto Jewish Folk choir began in 1925 as the Frieheit Gezang Farein,2 or Freedom Singing Society, a mixed choir made up of young working-class Jewish immigrants who were part of the growing labour movement of the period. The choir was used both as vehicle for highlighting labour issues to fellow working-class Jewish colleagues, and as a community group for new Yiddish-speaking immigrants. During these early years (1925-1939) their repertoire mirrored this dual role of the choir; it consisted primarily of pieces with working-class or socialist themes and Jewish folk songs. The year 1939 brought with it a number of significant changes for the choir. This was due not only to the changing climate of world politics, but was also the result of the arrival of a new, dynamic conductor named Emil Gartner. During his tenure, Gartner brought fresh enthusiasm to the group, helped the choir grow to over 130 members and raised the choir to a new level of professionalism. The activity of the choir increased from one concert a year to several concerts a year, they sang to sold-out audiences in Massey Hall, were recorded by the CBC, and engaged such artists as the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Lois Marshall, Jennie Tourel, Jan Peerce and Paul Robeson. -
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe Soviet Union* D,URING the period under review (July 1, 1962, to December 31, 1963) Frol Koslov, second secretary of the party presidium and Nikita S. Khrushchev's heir-apparent, suffered a stroke which made it impossible for him to participate in the work of the presidium, although he remained a nominal member. Khrushchev continued his policy, which for want of a better term many observers called liberalization. Victims of Stalin's purges were rehabilitated, among them Solomon Lozovsky, General Ian Gamarnik, Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, General Vassily K. Blucher, and General Jonah Yakyr. Some of these early Bolsheviks were shown in a new film, Lives of Great Men. Against sharp opposition from the Stalinists, Khrushchev authorized the publication of Alexander Solzhenitzyn's novel, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovitch, describing the horrors of Stalin's labor camps. But Khrushchev also repeatedly upbraided writers and artists who, en- couraged by the new climate of tolerance, apparently exceeded the limits of permitted freedom. In March 1963 in a speech to about 500 writers, artists and other intellectuals, Khrushchev singled out among others Ilya Ehrenburg, Evgeny Evtushenko, Victor Nekrasov, and the sculptor Ernest Neizvestny, all prominently connected with the liberal wing. The Soviet leader spoke scornfully about "intellectuals who forget their duty to the people and their Socialist fatherland . ." and become "lovers of decadent Western abstractionism . and formalism. ..." Ehrenburg was also at- tacked with particular severity by the chief ideologist of the party, Leonid Ilyichev, for asserting that the Russians knew of Stalin's crimes but kept silent out of fear for their lives. -
Howard Fast, 1956 and American Communism PHILLIP DEERY* Victoria University, Melbourne
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Victoria University Eprints Repository 1 Finding his Kronstadt: Howard Fast, 1956 and American Communism PHILLIP DEERY* Victoria University, Melbourne The scholarship on the impact on communists of Khrushchev’s “secret speech” to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956 is limited. Generally it is located within broader studies of organisational upheavals and ideological debates at the leadership level of communist parties. Rarely has there been analysis of the reverberations at the individual level. Consistent with Barrett’s pioneering approach, this paper seeks to incorporate the personal into the political, and inject a subjective dimension into the familiar top-down narrative of American communism. It will do this by focusing on the motivations, reactions and consequences of the defection of one Party member, the writer Howard Fast. It will thereby illuminate the story of personal anguish experienced by thousands in the wake of Khrushchev’s revelations about Stalin. The Defection On 1 February 1957, the front-page of the New York Times (NYT) carried a story that reverberated across the nation and, thereafter, the world. It began: “Howard Fast said yesterday that he had dissociated himself from the American Communist party and no longer considered himself a communist”.1 The NYT article was carried by scores of local, state and national newspapers across the country. Why was this story such a scoop and why was it given -
IWO) and Jewish People's Fraternal Order (JPFO)
Timeline International Workers’ Order (IWO) and Jewish People's Fraternal Order (JPFO) Fellow Travelers: From Popular Front to Cold War. Selections from the ILR School Catherwood Library Archives of the Yiddish Immigrant Left 1881: March 13, Assassination of Czar Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya followed by institution of repressive measures against Jews by his son Czar Alexander III (May Laws of May 15, 1882) 1885: November 16–19, Pittsburgh Platform. U.S. Reform movement adopted classic German Jewish Reform religious tenets 1892: Arbeter Ring (Workmen’s Circle) founded in New York; becomes a national organization, September 4, 1900 1897: August 29–31, First Zionist World Congress held in Basel, Switzerland 1897: October 7, The Jewish Labor Bund in Lithuania, Russia and Poland, founded in Vilnius 1897: April 22, Der Forverts newspaper founded in New York by Abraham Cahan, Louis Miller and Morris Winchevsky. Expelled from Daniel DeLeon’s Socialist Labor Party (SLP, they eventually migrate to the Socialist Party of America associated with Eugene V. Debs and Victor Berger 1889: July 14, The First Congress of the Second International held in Paris, France 1889: More of DeLeon’s opponents (Morris Hillquit) leave the SLP and move eventually to Debs’ Socialist Party of America 1891: March, Jews expelled from Moscow (~5,000 merchants received residency permits) 1903: April 19-20, Kishinev Pogroms. Over 600 pogroms sweep the Russian Empire between 1903-1906 1905: The Jewish Socialist Agitation Bureau founded in New York 1905: September 5, Treaty of Portsmouth signed acknowledging Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War 1905: October 30, Manifesto signed by Czar Nicholas II in response to the Russian Revolution of 1905 1908: Dos Naye Leben publication founded in New York by Dr. -
The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Terror the Repression of Ethnic Minorities in Stalin’S USSR, 1937-1953
The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Terror The Repression of Ethnic Minorities in Stalin’s USSR, 1937-1953 Paul Rochford Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Michael David-Fox Honors Program Chair: Professor Alison Games May 4, 2020 Rochford 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................3 Maps and Figures..............................................................................................................4 Introduction ......................................................................................................................5 Chapter 1: Soviet Xenophobia: The Fear of Extra-Soviet Community ......................19 Chapter 2: The Persistence of Prejudice in the Proletarian Regime ..........................40 Chapter 3: “Enemy Nations” Punished: Collective Punishment and the Fear of Kinship Loyalty …………………………………………………………………………………...62 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................77 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................79 Rochford 3 Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the kindness, helpfulness, and genuine support of everyone around me during this process, both on and off Georgetown’s campus. I would like to give special thanks to my advisor, Professor Michael David-Fox -
American Jewish Cultu|E
IN SEARCH OF AMERICAN JEWISH CULTU|E IN SEARCH OF AMERICAN JEWISH CULTU|E STEPHEN J. WHITFIELD Brandeis University Press published by university press of new england hanover and london Brandeis University Press Published by University Press of New England, Hanover, NH 03755 © 1999 by Brandeis University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 54321 CIP data appear at the end of the book A portion of the chapter “Shoah” is from Studies in Contemporary Jewry, Volume VIII, A New Jewry? America since the Second World War, edited by Peter Y. Medding. Copyright © 1992 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Used by permission of Oxford University Press, Inc. Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life jonathan d. sarna, Editor sylvia barrack fishman, Associate Editor Leon A. Jick, 1992 The Americanization of the Synagogue, 1820–1870 Sylvia Barrack Fishman, editor, 1992 Follow My Footprints: Changing Images of Women in American Jewish Fiction Gerald Tulchinsky, 1993 Taking Root: The Origins of the Canadian Jewish Community Shalom Goldman, editor, 1993 Hebrew and the Bible in America: The First Two Centuries Marshal Sklare, 1993 Observing America’s Jews Reena Sigman Friedman, 1994 These Are Our Children: Jewish Orphanages in the United States, 1880–1925 Alan Silverstein, 1994 Alternatives to Assimilation: The Response of Reform Judaism to American Culture, 1840–1930 Jack Wertheimer, editor, 1995 The American Synagogue: A Sanctuary Transformed Sylvia Barack Fishman, 1995 A Breath of Life: Feminism in the American Jewish Community Diane Matza, editor, 1996 Sephardic-American Voices: Two Hundred Years of a Literary Legacy Joyce Antler, editor, 1997 Talking Back: Images of Jewish Women in American Popular Culture Jack Wertheimer, 1997 A People Divided: Judaism in Contemporary America Beth S. -
Memoir of a Soviet Yiddish Actress
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 82 Number 82 Spring 2020 Article 9 3-2020 The Past is Still With Me: Memoir of a Soviet Yiddish Actress Rosa Kurtz-Dranov Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Kurtz-Dranov, Rosa (2020) "The Past is Still With Me: Memoir of a Soviet Yiddish Actress," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 82 : No. 82 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol82/iss82/9 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Kurtz-Dranov: The Past is Still With Me: Memoir of a Soviet Yiddish Actress 74 Number 82, Spring 2020 The Past is Still With Me: Memoir of a Soviet Yiddish Actress Rosa Kurtz-Dranov Foreward Contributed by Alexander Dranov My mother Rosa Abramovna Kurtz-Dranov passed away in New Jersey in June 2003 after a long illness. She was 94. After the burial, I sat shiva, as is Jewish custom, for the first time in my life. (I did not sit for seven days, as required). As I was going through my mother’s papers — photos, letters, books, newspaper clippings — I stumbled upon a manuscript. That was her memoir, hand-written by her in New Jersey in 1987. It was an unexpected find; I had not known she was writing her memoirs. -
Of Nationhood
Preface DREAMS OF NATIONHOOD American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951 i A BBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS JEWISH IDENTITIES IN POST MODERN SOCIETY Series Editor: Roberta Rosenberg Farber – Yeshiva University Editorial Board: Sara Abosch – University of Memphis Geoffrey Alderman – University of Buckingham Yoram Bilu – Hebrew University Steven M. Cohen – Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion Bryan Daves – Yeshiva University Sergio Della Pergola – Hebrew University Simcha Fishbane – Touro College Deborah Dash Moore – University of Michigan Uzi Rebhun – Hebrew University Reeva Simon –Yeshiva University Chaim I. Waxman – Rutgers University ii Preface Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951 Henry Felix Srebrnik Boston 2010 iii List of Illustrations Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Srebrnik, Henry Felix. American Jewish communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan project, 1924-1951 / Henry Felix Srebrnik. p. cm. -- (Jewish identities in post modern society) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-936235-11-7 (hardback) 1. Jews--United States--Politics and government--20th century. 2. Jewish communists--United States--History--20th century. 3. Communism--United States--History--20th century. 4. Icor. 5. Birobidzhan (Russia)--History. 6. Evreiskaia avtonomnaia oblast (Russia)--History. I. Title. E184.J4S74 2010 973'.04924--dc22 2010024428 Copyright © 2010 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved Cover and interior design by Adell Medovoy Published by Academic Studies Press in 2010 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com iv Effective December 12th, 2017, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.