2020/719 of 28 May 2020 Amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP Concerning Restrictive Measures Against Syria Ha
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Syria and Repealing Decision 2011/782/CFSP
30.11.2012 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 330/21 DECISIONS COUNCIL DECISION 2012/739/CFSP of 29 November 2012 concerning restrictive measures against Syria and repealing Decision 2011/782/CFSP THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression, to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be particular Article 29 thereof, prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories. Whereas: The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph. (1) On 1 December 2011, the Council adopted Decision 2011/782/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria ( 1 ). 3. It shall be prohibited to: (2) On the basis of a review of Decision 2011/782/CFSP, the (a) provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering Council has concluded that the restrictive measures services or other services related to the items referred to in should be renewed until 1 March 2013. paragraphs 1 and 2 or related to the provision, manu facture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, (3) Furthermore, it is necessary to update the list of persons Syria; and entities subject to restrictive measures as set out in Annex I to Decision 2011/782/CFSP. (b) provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraphs 1 (4) For the sake of clarity, the measures imposed under and 2, including in particular grants, loans and export credit Decision 2011/273/CFSP should be integrated into a insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, single legal instrument. -
Into the Tunnels
REPORT ARAB POLITICS BEYOND THE UPRISINGS Into the Tunnels The Rise and Fall of Syria’s Rebel Enclave in the Eastern Ghouta DECEMBER 21, 2016 — ARON LUND PAGE 1 In the sixth year of its civil war, Syria is a shattered nation, broken into political, religious, and ethnic fragments. Most of the population remains under the control of President Bashar al-Assad, whose Russian- and Iranian-backed Baʻath Party government controls the major cities and the lion’s share of the country’s densely populated coastal and central-western areas. Since the Russian military intervention that began in September 2015, Assad’s Syrian Arab Army and its Shia Islamist allies have seized ground from Sunni Arab rebel factions, many of which receive support from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey, or the United States. The government now appears to be consolidating its hold on key areas. Media attention has focused on the siege of rebel-held Eastern Aleppo, which began in summer 2016, and its reconquest by government forces in December 2016.1 The rebel enclave began to crumble in November 2016. Losing its stronghold in Aleppo would be a major strategic and symbolic defeat for the insurgency, and some supporters of the uprising may conclude that they have been defeated, though violence is unlikely to subside. However, the Syrian government has also made major strides in another besieged enclave, closer to the capital. This area, known as the Eastern Ghouta, is larger than Eastern Aleppo both in terms of area and population—it may have around 450,000 inhabitants2—but it has gained very little media interest. -
UN Assistance Mission for Iraq ﺑﻌﺜﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة (UNAMI) ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة
ﺑﻌﺜﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة UN Assistance Mission for Iraq ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﻠﻌﺮاق (UNAMI) Human Rights Report 1 September– 31 October 2006 Summary 1. Despite the Government’s strong commitment to address growing human rights violations and lay the ground for institutional reform, violence reached alarming levels in many parts of the country affecting, particularly, the right to life and personal integrity. 2. The Iraqi Government, MNF-I and the international community must increase efforts to reassert the authority of the State and ensure respect for the rule of law by dismantling the growing influence of armed militias, by combating corruption and organized crime and by maintaining discipline within the security and armed forces. In this respect, it is encouraging that the Government, especially the Ministry of Human Rights, is engaged in the development of a national system based on the respect of human rights and the rule of law and is ready to address issues related to transitional justice so as to achieve national reconciliation and dialogue. 3. The preparation of the International Compact for Iraq, an agreement between the Government and the international community to achieve peace, stability and development based on the rule of law and respect for human rights, is perhaps a most significant development in the period. The objective of the Compact is to facilitate reconstruction and development while upholding human rights, the rule of law, and overcoming the legacy of the recent and distant past. 4. UNAMI Human Rights Office (HRO) received information about a large number of indiscriminate and targeted killings. Unidentified bodies continued to appear daily in Baghdad and other cities. -
Sanctions Program: Syrien: Verordnung Vom 8. Juni 2012 Über Massnahmen Gegenüber Syrien (SR 946.231.172.7), Anhang 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art
Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Bilateral Economic Relations Sanctions Version of 26.06.2020 Sanctions program: Syrien: Verordnung vom 8. Juni 2012 über Massnahmen gegenüber Syrien (SR 946.231.172.7), Anhang 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art. 10 Abs. 1 (Finanzsanktionen) und Art. 17 Abs. 1 (Ein- und Durchreiseverbot) Sanctions program: Syrie: Ordonnance du 8 juin 2012 instituant des mesures à l’encontre de la Syrie (RS 946.231.172.7), annexe 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: art. 10, al. 1 (Sanctions financières) et art. 17, al. 1 (Interdiction de séjour et de transit) Sanctions program: Siria: Ordinanza dell'8 giugno 2012 che istituisce provvedimenti nei confronti della Siria (RS 946.231.172.7), allegato 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: art. 10 cpv. 1 (Sanzioni finanziarie) e art. 17 cpv. 1 (Divieto di entrata e di transito) Individuals SSID: 200-11614 Name: Bashar Al-Assad Sex: M DOB: 11 Sep 1965 POB: Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Identification document: Diplomatic passport No. D1903, Syrian Arab Republic Justification: President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators. Modifications: Amended on 6 Nov 2013, 19 Jan 2016, 26 Jun 2020 SSID: 200-11625 Name: Maher Al-Assad Sex: M DOB: 8 Dec 1967 POB: Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Good quality a.k.a.: Mahir Identification document: Diplomatic passport No. 4138, Syrian Arab Republic Justification: Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division. -
Work in the Syrian Army
Restructuring the army in the new Syria Major General Muhammad Al-Haj Ali Author: political research Brigadier Khaled Ibrahim Harmoon Center For Contemporary Studies Harmoon Center for Contemporary Studies Harmoon Center for Contemporary Studies is an independent nonprofit research institution, focusing on the production of political, societal and intellectual studies and research related particularly to the Syrian issue, and the possible outcomes of ongoing conflict in Syria. The center is concerned with bolstering civil society and democratic. awareness. Harmoon Center also works on Arab issues and related conflicts, as well as Arab regional and international . relations The Center undertakes practical projects and activities, promotes initiatives for building Syria’s future on the foundations and values of democracy, freedom, equality, human rights, and equal citizenship rights. Harmoon Center strives to be platform for constructive dialogue and an arena . for exchanging ideas Harmoon Center For Contemporary Studies Restructuring the army in the new Syria Major General Muhammad Al-Haj Ali, Principal Researcher Brigadier General Khaled Ibrahim, Research Assistant Harmoon Center For Contemporary Studies Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 First: The impact of war on the Syrian Army .................................................................7 The impact on the Syrian army prior to the Baath takeover of power ................................ -
L 319 Official Journal
ISSN 1977-0677 Official Journal L 319 of the European Union Volume 54 English edition Legislation 2 December 2011 Contents II Non-legislative acts INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 2011/780/EU: ★ Council Decision of 28 November 2011 on the position to be taken by the European Union in the EEA Joint Committee concerning an amendment to Annex XIII (Transport) to the EEA Agreement . 1 REGULATIONS ★ Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1244/2011 of 1 December 2011 implementing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria 8 ★ Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1245/2011 of 1 December 2011 implementing Regulation (EU) No 961/2010 on restrictive measures against Iran . 11 ★ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1246/2011 of 29 November 2011 entering a name in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications (Mantecados de Estepa (PGI)) . 32 ★ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1247/2011 of 29 November 2011 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature . 34 (Continued overleaf) Price: EUR 7 Acts whose titles are printed in light type are those relating to day-to-day management of agricultural matters, and are generally valid for a limited period. The titles of all other acts are printed in bold type and preceded by an asterisk. EN Contents (continued) ★ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1248/2011 of 29 November 2011 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature . 37 ★ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1249/2011 of 29 November 2011 concerning the classification of certain goods in the Combined Nomenclature . -
Batatu Source: Middle East Journal, Vol
Some Observations on the Social Roots of Syria's Ruling, Military Group and the Causes for Its Dominance Author(s): Hanna Batatu Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Summer, 1981), pp. 331-344 Published by: Middle East Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4326249 Accessed: 24/07/2009 16:48 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mei. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Middle East Institute is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Middle East Journal. http://www.jstor.org SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE SOCIAL ROOTS OF SYRIA'S RULING, MILITARY GROUP AND THE CAUSES FOR ITS DOMINANCE Hanna Batatu A T the heart of Syria'sregime stands a cluster of militaryofficers. -
EASO COI Report Syria Socio-Economic Situation Damascus
Syria Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Country of Origin Information Report April 2021 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu) PDF ISBN: 978-92-9465-083-2 doi: 10.2847/957835 BZ--09-21-115-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office, 2021 Cover photo: © gertvansanten via iStock by Getty Images, 10 May 2010, 502837234, url. Shopping people at the entrance of the Big Bazaar in Damascus, Syria. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EASO copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Country of origin information report | Syria - Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Acknowledgements This report was drafted by the European Asylum Support Office COI Sector. Additionally, the Country of Origin Information Department of the Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum provided research contributions during the drafting phase of this report by sharing with EASO the English translation of its COI Syria Country Report.1 The following departments and organisations have reviewed the report: Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department France, Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Information, Documentation and Research Division The Netherlands, Afdeling Ambtsberichten, Ministry of Foreign Affairs It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO. -
1 Horse Guards Road London SW1A 2HQ E-Mail: [email protected]
Financial Sanctions Notification 02/12/2011 Syria Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1244/2011 This notification is issued in respect of the restrictive measures directed by the Council of the European Union in view of the situation in Syria. 1. With the publication of Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1244/2011 1 December 2011 in the Official Journal of the European Union (O.J. L319, 02.12.2011, P.8) on 2 December 2011, the Council has amended Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 [“Regulation 442/2011”], with effect from 2 December 2011. 2. Annex II to Regulation 442/2011 lists persons, entities or bodies identified by the Council as being responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, persons and entities benefiting from or supporting the regime, and natural or legal persons and entities associated with them. 3. The amendments to Annex II to Regulation 442/2011 take the form of the addition of 12 individuals, and 11 entities. 4. The individuals and entities added to Annex II are therefore subject to the asset freeze imposed by Regulation 442/2011. 5. Details of the additions are set out in the Annex to this notification. 6. The Treasury’s Consolidated List of persons subject to financial sanctions in effect in the UK, which is maintained on the Treasury website, has been updated to reflect the additions. Reporting requirements 7. Relevant institutions and other persons are requested to check whether they maintain any accounts or otherwise hold any funds or economic resources for the persons set out in the Annex to this notification whose details have been added to Annex II to Regulation 442/2011, and, if so, they must freeze such accounts or other funds and, unless licensed by the Treasury, refrain from making available funds and/or economic resources to such persons. -
Syria Page 1 of 22 CONSOLIDATED LIST of FINANCIAL SANCTIONS T
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Page 1 of 22 CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:27/07/2018 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Syria INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: ABBAS 1: AMJAD 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. a.k.a: AL-ABBAS, Amjad Position: Head of Political Security in Banyas Listed on: 10/05/2011 Last Updated: 04/07/2018 Group ID: 11912. 2. Name 6: ABBAS 1: FAYSSAL 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Dr DOB: --/--/1955. POB: Hama Province a.k.a: ABBAS, Faysal Other Information: Former Minister for Transport Listed on: 28/02/2012 Last Updated: 31/05/2013 Group ID: 12510. 3. Name 6: ABBAS 1: GHASSAN 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Brigadier General DOB: 10/03/1960. POB: Homs Address: CERS, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche de Kaboun Barzar Street, PO Box 4470, Damascus. Position: Manager of the branch of Syrian Scientific Studies and research Centre (SSRCC/CERS) near Jumraya/Jmraiya Other Information: CERS is also known as SSRC, Scientific Studies and Research Center. Listed on: 09/03/2015 Last Updated: 01/10/2016 Group ID: 13229. 4. Name 6: ABDALLAH 1: KHALAF 2: SOULEYMANE 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: --/--/1960. POB: Deir ez-Zor a.k.a: AL- ABDULLAH, Khalaf, Sleiman Other Information: Former Minister of Labour Listed on: 22/10/2014 Last Updated: 07/06/2017 Group ID: 13155. -
The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara
The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara A Thesis Submitted to Cynthia Nelson Institute for Gender and Women’s Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender and Women’s Studies in Middle East/ North Africa Kenza Yousfi Committee members: Dr. Martina Rieker, IGWS, AUC Dr. Hanan Sabea, SAPE, AUC Dr. Nizar Messari, SHSS, AUI May/2015 . Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the people who have supported me all the way through the stress, confusion, and passion that enabled me to write. I thank my committee members: Martina, Hanan, and Nizar, for their intellectual engagement and the political horizons they have opened to me throughout the past few years. My friends around the globe, I hope that reading these pages compensate you with the hours of counseling and listening you had to lead me through. Only you could understand my craziness. My family, although very far from sharing any political ideas, I must be thankful for your encouragement and concern of safety even when you did not know where in the world I was. I thank all the Saharawis who wanted to help by all means while I was in the camps. Many thanks for the NUSW for coordinating my stay and providing me with the logistics, and to the family that hosted me like a family member, not a stranger. I owe a particular debt to one person who shall remain unnamed for his own safety, who made my access to the Saharawi camps possible, and who showed a concern about my research and safety. -
Peace and War: Israel Versus Syria
CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 Fax: (202) 466-4740 Peace and War: Israel versus Syria Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy Center for Strategic and International Studies October, 2000 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. No quotation, reference, or further reproduction is permitted without the author’s express written permission in each single case. Peace and War: Israeli versus Syria 10/16/00 Page ii Introduction This report is a rough draft of a chapter prepared for a book on the Arab-Israeli Balance to be published by Praeger in early 2000. The readers should be aware that this text will be extensively revised in the final publication. Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. No quotation, reference, or further reproduction is permitted without the author’s express written permission in each single case. Peace and War: Israeli versus Syria 10/16/00 Page iii Table of Contents SYRIAN CAPABILITIES IN WARFIGHTING ............................................................................................................ 12 Syrian Modernization, Military Spending, and Arms Imports...................................................................... 12 Syrian Land Forces..................................................................................................................................... 16 Syrian Air and Air Defense Forces.............................................................................................................