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2G Spectrum Scam from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 2G spectrum scam From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The 2G spectrum scam involved allegations of underpricing of 2G spectrum Telecom Ministry of India, resulting in loss to the exchequer and illegal manipulation of the spectrum allocation process to favour a few select companies According to a report submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General based on money collected from 3G licenses, the loss to the exchequer due to underpricing of 2G spectrum was 176,379 crore (US$39.16 billion). The issuing of the 2G licenses occurred in 2008, but the scam came to public notice when the Supreme Court of India took Subramaniam Swamy's complaints on record [With Case type:Writ Petition (Civil),Case No:10, Year:2011].[1] Contents 1 Civil Servants, Politicians and Corporations Involved in scam 1.1 Politicans, Ministers and Parlimentarians involved 1.2 Bureaucrats involved 1.3 Corporations involved 1.4 Corporate personalities involved 1.5 Media persons and lobbyists involved 2 Petitioners to 2g scam 3 Loss to Exchequer 4 Relationship between media and government 4.1 Ratan Tata petitions over leak 5 Response to scam 6 Arrests and Chargesheets 7 P.A.C. (Public Accounts Committee) 8 Impact on stock markets 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Civil Servants, Politicians and Corporations Involved in scam All the accused have been booked under sections 120(B) (criminal conspiracy), 468 (Forgery for purpose of cheating), 471 (using as genuine a forged document or electronic record), 420 (cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property) and 109 (abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment) of the Indian Penal Code.[2] Politicans, Ministers and Parlimentarians involved Name of the Occupation Person and Allegation and Charges involved Designation The Controller and Auditor General holds Raja personally responsible for the sale of 2G spectrum at 2001 rates in 2008, resulting the previously mentioned loss of up to Rs. 1.76 Union Cabinet lakh crores (US$40 billion) to the national Minister for exchequer. A. Raja Communications and Information [3] In August, 2010, evidence was submitted Technology by the Controller and Auditor General (CAG) showing that Raja had personally signed and approved the majority of the questionable allocations.[4] On April 25, 2011 Kanimozhi was named as a co-conspirator in the supplementary chargesheet filed by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in connection with the 2G spectrum case. The chargesheet, which was submitted before the Supreme Court establishes how Rs 200 crore connected with Kanimozhi Member of the scam traveled from a partnership firm of Karunanidhi Rajya Sabha businessman Shahid Balwa of Swan Telecom to the Karunanidhi family-owned Kalaignar TV.[2] She has been charged with section 7 and 11 of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The sections deal with acceptance of alleged gratification.[5] Bureaucrats involved Name of Occupation the Person and Allegation and Charges involved Designation Civil Servant Siddhartha (IAS officer He was the Telecom secretary who served in the Behura of 1973 DOT at the time of the 2G allocation. batch UP cadre) He was the Secretary of the Department of Civil Telecommunications. On September 7, 2010 he Servant was appointed as the Chief Vigilance P. J. (IAS officer Commissioner. Thomas later stepped down after Thomas of 1973 the Supreme Court questioned his track record as a batch Kerala civil servant in the wake of investigations into the cadre). 2G spectrum allocation scam. He is alleged to have recommended policies that favored certain Telecom companies when he was Civil heading the TRAI. Post retirement, Baijal joined Servant Noesis, a consulting firm.[6][7] Raja has made Pradip (IAS officer references to Baijal's decisions in 2003 as the basis Baijal of 1966 for his decisions in 2008; something which has batch MP been attacked by Arun Shourie and several media cadre). pundits. The houses and offices of the bureaucrat were recently raided by the Central Bureau of Investigation as part of their investigations.[8] He was private secretary of Raja during UPA-I when the licences were awarded. When Raja became the Telecom Minister once again in UPA- Civil II, Chandolia had been promoted to the Joint Servant Secretary rank. Raja re-designated him Economic R K (IES officer Adviser, that gave him the charge of all important Chandolia of 1984 policy-related work. Chandolia interacted with all batch the licensees. It is said that it was Chandolia who, cadre). from DDG-access services A K Srivastava's room, had handed out letters of intent to representatives of various companies.[9] Corporations involved Unitech Group a real estate company entering the telecom industry with its 2G bid; sold 60% of its company stake at huge profit to Telenor after buying licensing (Including land values properties for towers)[10] Swan Telecom sold 45% of its company stake at huge profit to Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) after buying licensing[10] Loop Mobile Videocon Telecommunications Limited S Tel Reliance Communications Sistema Shyam Mobile (MTS) – Sistema Mobile Russia Vodafone Essar Dishnet Wireless Allianz Infra[11] Corporate personalities involved Anil Ambani - Reliance Group (ADAG)[12] - Shahid Balwa - DB Realty and Etisalat DB Telecom(formerly Swan Telecom) Vinod Goenka - Dynamix Group Venugopal Dhoot - Videocon Group Prashant Ruia - Essar Group Ratan Naval Tata - Tata Group All of them have either been questioned by the CBI or are prospective suspects in the scam. Media persons and lobbyists involved Nira Radia, a former airline entrepreneur turned corporate lobbyist whose conversations with politicians and corporate entities were recorded by the government authorities. The contents were later leaked by unknown parties creating the Nira Radia tapes controversy Barkha Dutt, an NDTV journalist alleged to have lobbied for A. Raja's appointment as minister.[citation needed] Vir Sanghvi, a Hindustan Times editor alleged to have edited articles to reduce blame in the Nira Radia tapes.[citation needed] Petitioners to 2g scam Subramaniam Swamy, activist lawyer and politician, whose letters to the Prime Minister demanding action and affidavits and cases in the Supreme Court brought the issue into the public limelight. Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, a journalist who was one among the very first to write on the irregularities in the awarding of 2G spectrum allocation by the Telecom Ministry. He is also one of the petitioners in the 2G PIL currently being heard in the Supreme court.[13] Prashant Bhushan, on behalf of the Centre for Public Interest Litigation. Anil Kumar, on behalf of the civil society organisationTelecom Watchdog Others:Several eminent people like former chief election commissioners J.M. Lyngdoh, T.S. Krishnamurthy and N. Gopalaswami and former central vigilance commissioner (CVC) P. Shankar are also petitioners in the suits filed by civil society groups.[11] Loss to Exchequer The Comptroller and Auditor General of India used three different methods to assess the presumptive loss to the exchequer resulting from not auctioning 2G spectrum.[14] The first method was based on the fact that S Tel, one of the licensees, explicitly offered to pay significantly higher license fees for the spectrum. Based on the fees offered by S Tel, the CAG estimated the loss to the exchequer at 67,364 crore (US$14.95 billion) The second method was based on the price discovered by the 3G auction in 2010. The CAG reasoned that since 2G is really 2.75G (EDGE), its price should be comparable to that of 3G licenses. Based on this method, the CAG estimated the loss to the exchequer to be 176,000 crore (US$39.07 billion) The third method was based on the fact that some of the licensees received FDI in the form of equity, shortly after the spectrum allocation. The CAG reasoned that this equity infusion was entirely due to the value of the allocated spectrum; this can be construed as re-sale of the spectrum by the licensee, and hence was a valid basis for assessing loss to the exchequer. Based on this method, the CAG estimated the loss to the exchequer to be anywhere between 57,666 crore (US$12.8 billion) (based on Etisalat's investment in Swan Telecom) and 69,626 crore (US$15.46 billion) (based on Telenor's investment in Unitech). For its part, the Congress-party led government has publicly defended itself on this count and Kapil Sibal, who replaced A. Raja as the communication minister, has refuted the CAG reasoning.[15] He has also justified his government's decision not to auction 2G spectrum as being in line with the policy guidelines laid down by the 10th Five-Year Plan.[16][17] Relationship between media and government Main article: Nira Radia tapes controversy Media sources such as OPEN and Outlook reported that Barkha Dutt and Vir Sanghvi knew that corporate lobbyist Nira Radia was influencing the decisions of A. Raja.[18] The critics alleged that Dutt and Sanghvi knew about corruption between the government and the media industry, supported this corrupt activity, and suppressed news reporting the discovery of the corruption.[18] Ratan Tata petitions over leak The tapes leaked to the public include conversations between Nira Radia and Ratan Tata. Tata petitioned the government to acknowledge his right to privacy and demanded accountability for the leak, with the Minister for Home Affairs, CBI, Indian Income Tax Department, the Department of Telecommunication, and the Department of Information Technology
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