Dr. Christopher Long Office: Sutton Hall 4.104 Phone: 232.4084 E-Mail: [email protected] Office Hours: T TH 10-11; and by Appointment
Fall 2013 HISTORY OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE, 1650-PRESENT ARC 368R/ARC 388R
Instructor: Dr. Christopher Long Office: Sutton Hall 4.104 Phone: 232.4084 E-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: T TH 10-11; and by appointment
Time and Place: T TH 12:30-2:00; BTL 101
Prerequisites: Architecture students must have previously taken surveys 1 and 2 unless they have permission from the instructor. Upper-division undergraduate and graduate students from other departments are welcome to enroll with the consent of the instructor.
Description: This course will explore the history of architecture and design in the lands that made up the Habsburg Empire and its successor states (Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, southern Poland, Slovenia, Croatia, northern Romania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, northern Italy, and western Ukraine) from the time of the Baroque to the present, focusing on the rise of the modernism in the region. In addition to surveying the significant building and design trends, the lectures will examine the works and ideas of a number of important architects, including J. B. Fischer von Erlach, Otto Wagner, Adolf Loos, Josef Hoffmann, Jože Plečnik, Ödön Lechner, Jan Kotěra, Josef Frank, Hans Hollein, and Coop Himmelb(l)au. The course will also include a discussion of the development of the major cities of the region—Vienna, Prague, and Budapest— examining how industrialization, rapid urbanization, and war shaped the distinctive face of each metropolis. The course will be taught in a combined lecture and seminar format.
Educational Objectives: The aim of this course is to familiarize students with the historical development of architecture in Central Europe; to introduce them to the basic trends and leading architects and designers; and to acquaint them with the way in which historical change has shaped the region's built environment.
Course Requirements: Class attendance is required. Grades will be based on one mid-term examination (worth 30% of the final grade), one paper (undergraduates, 12-15 pages, graduate students 15-20 pages; 40%; due on the final class day), and a comprehensive final examination (30%). Plus/minus grading will be used for this course.
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• Occupants of buildings on The University of Texas at Austin campus are required to evacuate buildings when a fire alarm is activated. Alarm activation or announcement requires exiting and 2 assembling outside.
• Familiarize yourself with all exit doors of each classroom and building you may occupy. Remember that the nearest exit door may not be the one you used when entering the building.
• Students requiring assistance in evacuation shall inform their instructor in writing during the first week of class.
• In the event of an evacuation, follow the instruction of faculty or class instructors.
• Do not re-enter a building unless given instructions by the following: Austin Fire Department, The University of Texas at Austin Police Department, or Fire Prevention Services office.
Link to information regarding emergency evacuation routes and emergency procedures can be found at: www.utexas.edu/emergency
Behavior Concerns Advice Line (BCAL): 512-232-5050
By UT Austin policy, you must notify me of your pending absence at least fourteen days prior to the date of observance of a religious holy day. If you must miss a class, an examination, a work assignment, or a project in order to observe a religious holy day, you will be given an opportunity to complete the missed work within a reasonable time after the absence.
Required Readings:
Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933. Chicago and London: 2006. ISBN 0226-01507-6
Christopher Long, The Looshaus. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2011. ISBN 9780-300174533
Adolf Opel, ed., Adolf Loos: Ornament and Crime—Selected Essays. Riverside, Calif.: Ariadne Press, 1998. ISBN 1572-41046-9
Carl E. Schorske, Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980. ISBN 0394-74478-0
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994. ISBN 0-262-19358-2 plus a course packet of articles available at the University Coop.
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Syllabus
Note: Readings marked with ** are in the course reader.
August 29 1. Introduction: The Habsburg Empire and Its Architectural Legacies
September 3 2. The Central European Baroque
Reading:
Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, “Polonia Victoriosa: Austria Gloriosa,” in Court, Cloister, and City: The Art and Culture of Central Europe, 1450-1800 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 282-305.**
September 5 3. Vormärz: The Age of the Biedermeier
Reading:
Stanford Anderson, “The Legacy of German Neoclassicism and Biedermeier: Behrens, Tessenow, Loos, and Mies,” Assemblage 15 (August 1991), 63-87.**
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 4-45.
September 10 4. The Vienna Ringstrasse and Its Meanings
Reading:
Carl E. Schorkse, Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980), xvii- 72.
Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press: 2006), ix-53.
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September 12 5. Otto Wagner: The Making of A Modernist
Reading:
Carl E. Schorkse, Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980), 72- 115.
Otto Wagner, Modern Architecture: A Guidebook for His Students to this Field of Art, intro. and trans. Harry Francis Mallgrave (Santa Monica, Calf.: Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1988), 59-60; 73-80; 91-99.**
September 17 6. Ver sacrum: The Vienna Secession
Reading:
Carl E. Schorkse, Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980), 116- 278.
September 19 7. Secese: Early Modernism in the Czech Lands
Reading:
Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press: 2006), 54-125.
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 46-97.
September 24 8. The Wiener Werkstätte
Reading:
Carl E. Schorkse, Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980), 279- 366.
Josef Hoffmann, “The Workprogram of the Wiener Werkstätte,” in Josef Hoffmann: Architect and Designer, 1870-1956, exhib. cat. (Vienna and New York: Galerie Metropol, 1981), 7-10.**
September 26 9. Ödön Lechner and the Fin-de-Siècle in Budapest
Reading:
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Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press: 2006), 126-54.
Christopher Long, “’The Works of Our People’: Dušan Jurkovič and the Slovak Folk Art Revival,” Studies in the Decorative Arts 12 (Fall-Winter 2004-2005): 2-29.**
October 1 10. Fin-de-Siècle Architecture on the Periphery
Reading:
Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press: 2006), 155-65.
October 3 Mid-term exam
October 8 Ver sacrum visit
October 10 Research assignment
October 15 11. The Wagner School
Reading:
Iain Boyd Whyte, “The Wagnerschule, 1898-1902,” in Iain Boyd Whyte, Three Architects from the Master Class of Otto Wagner: Emil Hoppe, Marcel Kammerer, and Otto Schönthal (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989), 10-32.**
October 17 12. Adolf Loos I: The Modernism of the Everyday Reading:
Adolf Opel, ed., Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays (Riverside, Ca.: Ariadne Press, 1998), 1-166.
October 22 13. Adolf Loos II: Ornament and Crime
Reading:
Adolf Opel, ed., Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays (Riverside, Ca.: Ariadne Press, 1998), 167-204.
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October 24 14. Adolf Loos III: Haus am Michalerplatz
Reading:
Christopher Long, The Looshaus. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2011.
October 29 15. An Alternative Modernism: Josef Frank and the Wiener Wohnkultur
October 31 16. “Befreiter Historismus”
Reading:
Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press: 2006), 165-222.
November 5 17. Czech Cubism Reading:
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 98-143.
November 7 18. Postwar Central Europe: The Shock of Dissolution Reading:
Anthony Alofsin, When Buildings Speak: Architecture as Language in the Habsburg Empire and Its Aftermath, 1867-1933 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press: 2006), 223-63.
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 146-211.
November 12 19. Red Vienna
Reading:
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 212-39.
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November 14 20. The Triumph of Functionalism
Reading:
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 240-301.
November 19 21. Jože Plečnik and the Architectura perennis
Reading:
Christopher Long, “Jože Plečnik in Vienna and Prague, 1900-1921: The Search for Architectural and Cultural Identity,” Slovene Studies 18, no. 2 (1996), 171-79.**
November 21 Koloman Moser exhibition
November 26 22. The New Space: Open Plan, Raumplan, and Free Plan Reading:
Christopher Long, “The House as Path and Place: Spatial Planning in Josef Frank's Villa Beer, 1928-1930,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59 (December 2000), 478-501.**
Rudolf Schindler, “Modern Architecture: A Program (1913),” in Lionel March and Judith Sheine, eds., R. M. Schindler: Composition and Construction (London: Academy Editions, 1995), 10-12.**
November 28 Thanksgiving holiday
December 3 24. After the Deluge: Late Modernism, the New Historicism, the Inflatable Moment Deconstructivism, and Organicism
Reading:
Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 302-447.
December 6 FINAL PAPERS DUE 8
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE MID-TERM AND FINAL EXAMINATIONS
BE SURE TO BRING A BLUE BOOK TO EACH EXAM (12 PAGES OR MORE). DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING IN THE BLUE BOOK UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO!
Each exam will consist of one question, with several parts. Before you begin writing, take a few moments to ensure you understand what is being asked of you. Answer the entire question! Make sure your answer is clear and well organized. Make a brief outline or plan your answer. Be consistent. If you take one position, be sure that all of your arguments follow from it. Do not start your answer arguing one idea and then change to another position. If you get off to a bad start, cross out what you have written and begin again. Remember: the clarity of your thoughts and the persuasiveness of your argument are crucial aspects of your answer. You must write your answer in prose. Simple lists or outlines are not acceptable.
Be thorough. Answer the questions fully. Be sure to bring in material not from only the lectures but also from the readings. Some questions will require you deal with material from several lectures or readings. Consider the question fully and avoid merely "regurgitating" what you have heard or read.
Write well. Take the time to make sure that your essays are well written. Avoid awkward phrases and passive voice constructions. Watch your spelling and do not use words whose meanings you may not be sure of. Leave a few minutes at the end of the exam period to read over your answer and correct any obvious mistakes.
SAMPLE EXAM HISTORY OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE, 1650-PRESENT ARC 368R /ARC 388R Instructor: Dr. Christopher Long
Modern architecture has often been described as a break or as a massive rupture from what came before. In what ways does early modernist architecture in Central Europe (1895-1914) represent a continuation of previous trends and ideas? In what ways does it mark a departure from historical tradition?
Be sure to consider: •construction/tectonic issues •composition/massing/scale •urban planning/siting •style/form language 9
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FINAL PAPER Pick one aspect of the material we will cover in class (it can the work of a particular architect or designer, a building, a theoretical writing, a movement, or some other issue) and discuss its import and meaning. Note: your task is not merely to describe, but also to analyze your chosen subject. If you are in doubt about the appropriateness of your idea, please consult with me. Undergraduate papers should be approximately 12-15 pages in length (exclusive of illustrations, notes, and bibliography); graduate papers should be approximately 15-20 pages.
Final papers are due on December 2. Papers should be submitted on regular 8 1/2-by-11 inch paper, in 10, 11 or 12-point type. Staple the upper left hand corner. Please do not use plastic covers or other bindings.
For notes follow the regular format used in the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. Use endnotes. Text reference numbers for endnotes should be placed at the ends of sentences. In the sequence of elements within a note, do not precede parenthesis with a comma. In the page number citations, avoid f. or ff.; use inclusive page numbers.
1) Books Rostislav Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 1895-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994), 220-23.
For later references to the same book: 2 Švácha, The Architecture of New Prague, 91-101.
In note 3, if note 2 contains no other citations: 3 Ibid., 80.
2) Multivolume works 41 Friedrich Achleitner, Österreichische Architektur im 20. Jahrhundert: Ein Führer in vier Bänden, 4 vols. (Salzburg and Vienna: Residenz Verlag, 1980-2001), 3: 234-41.
3) Edited Books 42 August Sarnitz, “Realism versus Verniedlichung: The Design of the Great City,” in Harry Francis Mallgrave, ed., Otto Wagner: Reflections on the Raiment of Modernity (Santa Monica: Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1993), 86-88.
4) Journal articles 43 Christopher Long, “’A Sympton of the Werkbund’: The Spring 1912 Exhibition at the Austrian Museum for Art and Industry,” Studies in the Decorative Arts 7 (Spring-Summer 2000): 91-121.
For other formats, consult the Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians or the Chicago Manual of Style (14th edition, or later).
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BUILDING LIST (By lecture)
1. Introduction: The Habsburg Empire and Its Architectural Legacies
Map of Central Europe showing linguistic divisions
th Split (Spalato), Croatia, view showing the former Palace of Diocletian, early 20 century
th Split, view of the Duomo and old city, early 20 century
th Dubrovnik (Ragusa), view from the early 20 century
Benedictine church, Ják, Hungary, c. 1220
th Gurk Cathedral (crypt), Austria, 11 century
Karlštejn Castle (Hrad Karlštejn), founded 1348
Bethlehem Chapel, Prague, 1391-94
Český Krumlov (German: Krumau)
th View of Graz, Austria, 16 century
View of Vienna, 1609
th Church of Maria am Gestade, Vienna, 13 century
th St. Stephen’s Cathedral, Vienna, 13-15 centuries
Prague, photographs of the city in the 19th century
Prague, Houses on Staroměstké naměstí
th Old Synagogue, Prague, 13 century
th th Peter Parler, et al., St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague Castle, 15 -16 centuries
Vladislavsky Hall, Prague Castle, from 1333
Paolo della Stella and Bonifaz Sohlmut, Belvedere, Prague, 1537-63
Bonaventura Daum, Franciscan Church, Vienna, 1603-11
Pietro de Pomi, with Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, Eggenberg Palace, Graz, Austria, c. 1625 11
2. The Central European Baroque
Map of Central Europe showing linguistic divisions
Riegersburg, near Feldbach, Styria, c. 1100
Agostino Galli, Lobkovicz Palace (now Schwarzenberg Palace), c. 1560
Telč (German: Teltsch), southern Moravia
Andrea Pozzo, et al., Abbey of Vorau, Styria, Austria, 1696-1706
Giuseppe Brizio and Giovanni Bernadoni, Jesuit Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Kraków, Poland, 1597-1635
Pietro de Pomis and Pietro Valnegro, Mausoleum of Ferdinand II, Graz, Austria, 1614-33
Filiperto Lucchese and Carl Antonio Carlone, Am Hof Church, Vienna, 1655-62
Jakob Prandtauer, Melk, Benedictine monastery, Austria, 1701-39
Gabriele Montani and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt, Peterskirche (St. Peter’s), Vienna, 1702-33
Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt, Belvedere, Vienna, 1706-17
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Karlskriche (St. Charles Borromeo), Vienna, 1716-36
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, and Nikolaus Pacassi, Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, 1696-1740
Christoph Dietzenhofer and Kilian Ignaz Dietzenhofer, St. Nicholas, Malá Strana, Prague, 1702-51
Kilian Ignaz Dietzenhofer, Church of St. Nicholas in the Old Town, Prague, 1732-35
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3. Vormärz: The Age of the Biedermeier
th View of Prague in the late 18 century
View of Vienna from the Bisamberg by Friedrich Loos, 1845
View of Vienna from Brigittenau by Balthasar Wigand, c. 1830
Jägerzeile (Hunter’s Row; now Prater Straße), 1825
Secretary, c. 1810-15
Biedermeier chairs
Settee, c. 1820
Franz Köll, Coffee Maker, Vienna, 1818
Carl Doerffer, Sauceboat, Vienna, 1821
Biedermeier interiors and furniture
Johann Aman, Royal Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1821-23
Peter von Nobile, Outer Castle Gate (Burgtor), Vienna, 1815-24
Johann Fischer, Provincial Court Building, Vienna, 1828-39
Josef Kornhäusel, Villa, Vienna, 1804-1810
Josef Kornhäusel, Apollo temple, Zámek Lednice (Czech Republic), 1817
Josef Kornhäusel, Seitenstettengasse synagogue, Vienna, 1824-26
Josef Kornhäusel, Schottenhof, Vienna, 1826-32
Josef Kornhäusel, Kornhäusel Tower, c. 1845-1860
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4. The Vienna Ringstrasse and Its Meanings
View of Vienna in the 17th century
Map of Vienna, 1856, showing the city before the removal of the old walls
View of the Vienna suburbs across the Glacis, c. 1820
View of the inner city (Griechengasse), c. 1905
View of the newly completed Ringstrasse near the Burggarten (Imperial garden), c. 1870
Map showing the development of the Ringstrasse
Map showing the location of the major public buildings along the Ringstrasse
View of Vienna, c. 1879, showing the development of the inner city
View of the Ringstrasse looking toward the Kunsthistorisches Museum, c. 1900
Eduard van der Nüll and August Sicardsburg, Opera, Vienna, 1861-69
Aerial view of the Hofburg area
Theophil Hanson, Parliament, Vienna, 1874-83
View toward the parliament and Rathaus
Friedrich von Schmidt, Rathaus (City Hall), Vienna, 1872-83
Gottfried Semper, Carl von Hasenauer, Hofburgtheater (Imperial court theater), Vienna, 1874-88
Heinrich Ferstel, University, Vienna, 1873-84
View of Maximilians Platz and the Votivkirche, c. 1920
Heinrich Ferstel, Museum of Applied Arts (Österreichisches Museum fur Kunst und Industrie), 1856-60
Ludwig Baumann, Kriegsministerium, Vienna, 1909-13
Apartment house (Heinrichshof, c. 1875)
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5. Otto Wagner: The Making of A Modernist
Apartment House, Universitätsstraße 12, Vienna, 1888
Österreichische Länderbank, Vienna, 1882-84
Palais Wagner, Rennweg 3, Vienna, 1890-91
Anker Building on the Graben, Vienna, 1895
Stadtbahn project (City rail network), Vienna
Hofpavilion station (Schönbrunn), 1898
Karlsplatz Station, 1898-99
Apartment building, Linke Wienzeile 38, Vienna, 1898-99
Apartment building, Linke Wienzeile 40, Vienna, 1898-99
Postal Savings Bank, Vienna, 1904-06; addition, 1910-12
Church am Steinhof (St. Leopold), Vienna, 1905-07
Control Building, Kaiserbad Dam, Vienna, 1906-07
Second Villa Wagner, Vienna, 1912-13
Neustiftgasse 40, Vienna, 1909-10
University Library, Vienna, 1910
Lupus Sanatorium, Vienna, 1910-13
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6. Ver sacrum: The Vienna Secession
Gustav Klimt, Liebe, 1895
Gustav Klimt, Skluptur, 1896
Gustav Klimt, Portrait of Emilie Flöge, 1902
Gustav Klimt, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, 1907
Gustav Klimt, Der Kuß, 1907-08
Gustav Klimt, study for Hoffnung, 1907-08
Gustav Klimt, Danae, 1907-08
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Secession Building, 1897-98
Josef Hoffmann, office for the Secession Building, 1898
Gustav Klimt, poster for the first Secession exhibition, 1898
Joseph Maria Olbrich, poster for the second Secession exhibition, 1898
Ver sacrum
Oskar Laske, Angel Apothecary, Vienna, 1901-02
Secessionist-inspired buildings and designs in Vienna
Koloman Moser, various designs
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Entry gate (Mathildenhöhe), Darmstadt, Germany, 1901
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Ernst Ludwig Haus, Darmstadt, 1901
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Exhibition Gallery, Darmstadt, 1901
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Grosses Guckert Haus, Darmstadt, 1903
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Wedding Tower, Darmstadt, 1905
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7. Secese: Early Modernism in the Czech Lands
Wenceslas Square (Václavské naměsti), Prague
Josef Zítek and Josef Schulz, Rudolfinum, 1874-85
Josef Zítek, Czech National Theater, Prague, 1868-83
Josef Schulz, National Museum, Prague, 1883-90
Antonín Weihl and Josef Fanta, Wiehl’s House, Prague, 1894-96
Bedrich Münzberger and František Prášil, Industrial Palace, Prague, 1891
Otto Hieser, Hanavský Pavilion, Prague, 1891
Alphonse Mucha, posters
Josef Fanta, Central Station (Hlavní nádraží), Prague, 1901-09
Cover of Volné Směry
Alois Dryák and Bedřich Bendelmeyer, Grand Hotel Europa, Prague, 1903-09
Josef Fanta, Hlahol Choir Building, Prague, 1903-06
Osvald Polívka, Topić Publishing Building, 1905-08
Antonín Balšanek and Osvald Polívka, Obecní dům (Municipal House), Prague, 1905-11
František Bílek, Villa Bílek, Prague, 1910-11
Jan Kotěra and Vilém Thierhein, Peterka House, Prague, 1899-1900
Jan Kotěra, Villa Trmal, Prague, 1902-03
Jan Kotěra, Mánes Exhibition Building, Prague, 1902, demolished 1917
Jan Kotěra, Okresní dům, Hradec Kralové, 1903-04
Jan Kotěra, Theater, Prostějov, 1907
Jan Kotěra, Villa Kotěra, Prague, 1908-09
Jan Kotěra, Museum Hradec Kralové, 1912
Otakar Novotný, Stenc Building, Prague, 1909-10
Jan Kotěra, Urbanék Building (Mozarteum), Prague, 1911-12
Jan Kotěra, Laichter Building, Prague, 1908-09 17
8. The Wiener Werkstätte
Max Benirschke, Project for a beauty salon, 1901
M. H. Baillie Scott, Design for an interior, 1898-99
Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Wärndorfer Music Room, Vienna, 1902
Josef Hoffmann, “Cube” table, c. 1904
Josef Hoffmann, Silver basket, c. 1905
Josef Hoffmann, Purkersdorf office chair, 1904
Emma Schlangenhausen, Project for a poster “Wien”, c. 1901
Wilhelm Schmidt, Chair, c. 1902
Fritz Zeymer, Seating group, 1910
Bertold Löffler, Vase, c. 1908
Austrian Pavilion at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition
Josef Hoffmann, Purkersdorf Sanatorium, Vienna, 1904
Josef Hoffmann, Palais Stoclet, Brussels, 1905-1911
Café Fledermaus, Vienna, 1907
Dita Moser, Folding calendar, 1911
Ludwig Heinrich Jungnickel, Wine glass, c. 1911
Josef Hoffmann, Broch, 1904
Josef Hoffmann, Summer dress, 1904
Wiener Werkstätte shoes, c. 1914
Josef Hoffmann, Villa Skywa-Primavesi, Vienna, 1913-15
Rosa Kren, Standing inlay chest, 1912 other Weiner Werkstätte designs
Poster for the Wiener Werkstätte of America, c. 1921
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9. Ödön Lechner and the Search for a Hungarian National Style
View of Pest from Buda
Fisher Bastion, Buda Castle
View of Pest, Chain Bridge
Elisabeth Ring, late 19th century
Poster for the Hungarian Millenium Exhibition, Budapest, 1896
Subway, Andrassy Street, 1890s
Ödön Lechner and Gyula Partos, Hungarian Museum of Applied Art, Budapest, 1896
Ödön Lechner, Geological Institute, 1899
Ödön Lechner, Sándor Schmidl tomb, Budapest, 1902-04
Ödön Lechner, Water tower, Kecskemét, 1909-12
Móric Pogány and Emil Töry, Hungarian Pavilion at the Turin International Exhibition, 1910-11
Béla Lajta, Fire Station, Zenta (Serbia), 1903-04
Béla Lajta, Institute for the Blind, Budapest, 1905-06
Béla Lajta, Cabraret Parisiana, Budapest, 1907-09
Béla Lajta, Szechenyi Commercial School, Budapest, 1909-11
Ármin Hegedus and Henrik Böhm, Török Bank Building, Budapest, 1906
Flóris Korb and Kálmán Giergl, Academy of Music, Budapest, 1907
Zsigmond Sziklai, Parisan Department Store, Budapest, 1912
Zgismond Quittner and József Vágó, Gresham Insurance Company Building, Budapest, 1907
Flóris Korb and Kálmán Giergl, Commerical and residential building, Budapest, 1911
József Vágó and László Vágó, Árkád-Bazaar, Budapest, 1909
József Vágó, Leopoldstadt Casino, Budapest, 1912
István Medgyaszay, Theater, Veszprém, Hungary, 1907-09
István Medgyaszay, Church, Mul'a (Rárosmulyad), Slovakia, 1909-10
József Vágó, Villa Grünwald, Budapest, 1916 19
10. Fin-de-siecle Architecture on the Periphery: Slovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, and Ukraine
Jan Zawiejski, Theater, Kraków (Poland), 1888-93
Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer, Theater, Zagreb (Croatia), 1894
Central Station, L'viv (Ukraine; architect unknown), c. 1910
Alfred Zachariewicz, Tadeusz Obmiński, Chamber of Commerce, L’viv (Ukriane), 1907-10
Marcel Komor and Dezsö Jakab, Synagogue, Subotica, 1902
Aladár Baranyai, Tišov Villa and Studio, Zagreb (Croatia),1900-01
Franciszek Maczynski, Towarzystwa Art Union, Kraków (Poland), 1898-1901
Tadeusz Stryjeński and Franciszek Maczynski, Renovation , Old Theater, Kraków (Poland), 1903- 06
Ludwik Wojtyczko, Czynciel Building, Kraków (Poland), 1906-08
Karol Frycz, Michael’s Den, Kraków (Poland), 1911
Tadeusz Stryjeński and Franciszek Maczynski, Chamber of Commerce, Kraków (Poland), 1904-06
Roman Feliński, Department store, L’viv (Ukraine), 1911-13
th Traditional Austrian farmhouse, Stübing, Styria, 18 century
Stanislaw Witkiewicz, “Pod Jedlami,” Zakopane (Poland), 1897
Károly Kós, Wekerle Housing Estate, Budapest (Hungary), 1908-13
School in Čičmany, Slovakia, photo c. 1920
Dušan Jurkovič, Pustevne at Radhošt’ (Czech Republic), 1897-98
Dušan Jurkovič, Luhačovice Spa (Czech Republic), 1903
Dušan Jurkovič, Club House, Skalice (Czech Republic), 1904-05
Dušan Jurkovič, Project: Chapel at Sv. Host˘n, 1903-04
Dušan Jurkovič, Jurkovič Villa, Brno (Czech Republic), 1906
Dušan Jurkovič, Winter Garden, Castle in Nové Mešto nad Metují, (Czech Republic), 1908
Dušan Jurkovič, Cemeteries for the fallen soldiers in World War I, Poland and Slovakia, 1916-18 20
11. The Wagner School
Otto Wagner with his students at the Academy of Fine Arts, c. 1900
Otto Schönthal, Project for a bank in Elbogen (Loket, Czech Republic), 1898
Sepp Hubatsch, Row houses in Maria Enzersdorf (near Vienna), c. 1901-10
Secessionist interior, c. 1900; Jože Plečnik, interior design exhibited at the Secession, 1901
Otto Schönthal, Villa Vojcsik, Vienna, 1900-01
Max Fabiani, Portois & Fix Store and Apartment House, Vienna, 1898-1901
J. Sýkora, Design for a tobacco shop, c. 1905
Karl Fischl, Penzinger Straße apartment building, Vienna, 1904-05
Otto Wagner, Project: Hotel Wien, Vienna 1910; István Medgyaszay, Department store, 1902
Emil Hoppe, Title page for Der Architekt (preliminary design), 1905
Marcel Kammerer, Grand Hotel Wiesler, Graz, 1908
Emil Hoppe, Otto Schönthal, and Marcel Kammerer, Bakalovits' Söhne Store, Vienna, 1910-11
Otto Schönthal, Project for a Jubilee monument, 1908
Otto Schönthal, Design for a fireplace and inglenook, c. 1906
Emil Hoppe, Apartment building, Martinstraße 17, Vienna 1910
Bohumil Hypšman, House of the Chewra Kaddischa Funeral Brotherhood, Prague, 1910-11
Bohumil Hypšman, Commercial and apartment building on Národní trída, Prague, 1910-12
Hubert Gessner and Franz Gessner, Villa Gessner, Vienna, 1907
Hubert Gessner and Franz Gessner, Design for a factory, 1908
Hubert Gessner, Bezirkskrankenkasse (District Health Insurance Office), Brno, 1912
Hubert Gessner, Vorwärts Publishing Building, Vienna, 1912-13
Bohuslav Čermak, Office building, Brno, 1913-14
István Medgyaszay, Villa at Gödöllö (Hungary), 1904-06
Arthur Baron, Residenz Palast, Vienna, 1909-10 21
12. Adolf Loos I: The Modernism of the Everyday
Adolf Loos, c. 1903
Small work area (location unknown) published in Das Interieur), 1898-99
Turnovsky Apartment, vestibule, Vienna, c. 1900
Turnovsky Apartment, sitting corner, Vienna, c. 1900
Loos Apartment, bedroom, Vienna, 1903
Langer Apartment, dining room, Vienna, 1903
Weiss Apartment, living room, Vienna, 1904
Villa Karma, between Clarens and Vevey, Switzerland, 1904-06
Kärntner Bar (American Bar), Vienna, 1907
Kniže Store, Vienna, 1907-1913
Manz Bookshop,Vienna, 1912
Zentralsparkasse, Vienna, 1914
13. Adolf Loos II: Ornament and Crime
Steiner House, Vienna, 1910
Scheu House, Vienna, 1912
Horner House, Vienna, 1913
14. Adolf Loos III: Haus am Michaelerplatz
Goldman and Salatsch Building (Haus am Michaelerplatz), Vienna, 1909-11
22
15. An Alternative Modernism: Josef Frank and the Wiener Wohnkultur
Josef Frank, c. 1903
Book decoration (Stock-im-Eisen), from Wiener Türmer, 1904
Reconstruction of the façade of Santa Maria Novella in Florence by Alberti, 1909-10
Reconstruction, San Francesco in Rimini by Alberti, c. 1909-10
Swedish Gymnastics School, Vienna, 1910
Apartment for Karl and Hedwig Tedesco, sitting room, Vienna, 1910
Vitrine for the apartment of Karl and Hedwig Tedesco, Vienna, 1910
Silver chest for the apartment of Karl and Hedwig Tedesco, Vienna, 1910
Installation (living hall) at the 1912 Spring exhibition at the Austrian Museum of Art and Industry
Sideboard exhibited at the 1912 Spring exhibition at the Austrian Museum of Art and Industry
East Asian Art Museum, Cologne, 1912-13
Frank’s own apartment in the Wiedener Hauptstraße, c. 1913
Bunzl summer house, Ortmann (Lower Austria), 1913-14
Scholl House, Vienna, 1913-14
Worker housing, Ortmann (Lower Austria), 1919-20
Worker housing, Ortmann (phase II) (Lower Austria), 1920-21
Hoffingergasse Housing Project, Vienna, 1921-24
School, Ortnamm (Lower Austria), 1921
Project for a main square in Ortmann, 1921
Project for a school in Tiberius (Palestine), 1922
Project fot a housing settlement in Kloserneuburg (Lower Austria), 1923
Wiedenhofer-Hof, Vienna, 1923-24
Claeson House, Falsterbo (Sweden), 1924-27
Project for a house in Salzburg, c. 1926
Municipal Housing Block, Sebastian-Kelch-Gasse, Vienna, 1928
Leopoldine-Glöckel-Hof, Vienna, 1930-31
Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart, 1927 23
Frank’s double house at the Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart, 1927
Delegates at the first CIAM conference at La Sarraz, Switzerland, 1928
Chair for Thonet, c. 1930
Steiner House, bedroom, c. 1932
Frank’s double house at the 1932 Vienna Werkbundsiedlung
Sitting corner, c. 1933
Living room I, Liljevalchs Konsthall, Stockholm, 1934
Writing corner at Svenskt Tenn, c. 1935
Egyptian stool, c. 1940
Klismos chair, c. 1940
Svenskt Tenn installation at the 1939 New York World’s Fair
Ann’s House, Millesgarden, Stockholm, c. 1950
“Rox and Fix” fabric design, c. 1943
“Terrazzo” fabric design, c. 1943
“Tolvekarna,” Tyresö, Sweden, 1940
D-House, c. 1953
House with round windows, c. 1955
House for Trude Waehner in Provence, c. 1956
24
16. "Befreiter Historismus": The New Eclecticism
Robert Örley, Sanatorium Luithlen, Vienna, 1907-08
Max Hegele, Lueger Memorial Church, Vienna, 1907-10
Joseph Maria Olbrich, Tietz Department Store, Darmstadt (Germany), 1908-09
Max Fabiani, Urania Building, Vienna, 1909-10
Josef Hoffmann, Villa for Carl Moll on the Hohe Warte, Vienna, 1903
Josef Hoffmann, Villa Skywa-Primavesi, Vienna, 1913-15
Josef Hoffmann, Austrian Pavilion, Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne (Germany), 1914
Buildings in Vienna and Prague; student works from the Ohmannschule
Karl Schön and Wilhelm Schön, “Zum silbernen Brunnen,” Vienna, 1912-14
Antonín Pfeiffer, Koruna Palace, Prague, 1912-14
Ernst Lichtblau, Wattmanngasse Apartment House, Vienna, 1914
Oskar Strnad, living room, Vienna, c. 1912
Oskar Strnad, Haus Hoch, Vienna, 1912-13
Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Österreichisches Museum für Kunst und Industrie, 1912
Josef Hoffmann, dining room exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Otto Prutscher, lady’s room exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Oskar Strnad, garden room exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Ernst Lichtblau, park pavilion (and tea room) exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Cäsar Poppovits, colonnade exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Robert Örley, single-family house exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Robert Örley, garden room exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
Robert Örley, coffee house exhibited at the Austrian Werkbund Exhibition, Vienna, 1912
25
17. Czech Cubism
Pavel Janák, Architectural vision (from the Wagner School), 1906
Pavel Janák, Exhibition space for the Group of Fine Artists in the Municipal House, Prague, 1911
Bohumil Kubišta, St. Sebastian, oil on canvas, Narodní Galerie, Prague, 1912
Jan Blazěj Santini-Aichel, Cemetery chapel of St. John Nepomuk, Zdár nad Sázavou, 1722
Detail of a Baroque portal, Staromestské naměsti, Prague
Josef Gočár, “At the Black Madonna,” Prague, 1911-12
Josef Gočár, Bohdaneč Spa, Bohdaneč, 1911-12
Josef Chochol, Villa Kovarovič, Prague, 1912-13
Josef Chochol, Family house triplex, Prague, 1912-13
Josef Chochol, Hodek Apartment Building, Prague, 1913-14
Pavel Janák, Study for an interior, 1912
Pavel Janák, Reconstruction of Dr. Fára's House, Pelhřimov, 1913
Vlastislav Hofman, Cemetery gate and walls, Ďáblice, Prague, 1912-14
Emil Králíček and Matěj Blecha, Diamant house and store, Prague, 1912-14
Emil Králíček and Matěj Blecha, street lamp, Prague, 1912
Emil Králíček, Šupich Building, Prague, 1913-16
Josef Chochol, armchair, 1911; Pavel Janák, ceramic box, 1911; Pavel Janák, side chair, 1911-12
Pavel Janák, desk, 1911-12; Rudolf Stockar, clock, 1913; Vlastislav Hoffman, side chair, 1911-12;
Josef Čapek, Poster (“Radicals, read June”), 1918; Pavel Janák, coffee set, c. 1920
Josef Gočár, apartment interior, 1912-13; light fixture, c. 1912
Otakar Novotný, Teachers' Housing Cooperative Apartment Building, Prague, 1919-21
Leopold Ehrmann, Franz Kafka’s tombstone, Židovské hrbitovy, Prague, 1924
26
18. Postwar Central Europe: The Shock of Dissolution
Maps showing Central Europe before and after the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy
Leopold Bauer, Austrian National Bank, Vienna, 1913-15
Clemens Holzmeister, Crematorium, Vienna, 1921-23
Clemens Holzmeister, Church in Batschuns (Vorarlberg), Austria, 1921-23
Pavel Janák, Design for the facade of a hydroelectric power station, 1916
Pavel Janák, Design for a monument to the victims of war, 1917
Pavel Janák, facade study, 1918
Jirí Kroha, Competition design for the crematorium in Pardubice (Czech Republic), 1919-20
Jirí Kroha, Design for a church, 1918-19
Josef Gočár, Brno Bank, Prague, 1921-23
Josef Fuchs, Crematorium, Brno, 1923
Josef Gočár, Bank of the Czechoslovak Legion, Prague, 1921-23
Pavel Janák, Crematorium in Pardubice, 1921
Pavel Janák and Josef Zasche, Adria Palace, Prague, 1922-25
Josef Gočár, Masaryk Square, Hradec Králové (Czech Republic), 1922-24
Evžen Linhart, facade study, 1922
Bedřich Feuerstein, Crematorium, Pardubice (Czech Republic), 1923
Pavel Janák, Škoka Works Building, Prague, 1923-26
Ivan Vurnik, Sokol Building, Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1923-26
Frederick Kiesler, Display stands and Raumbühne (Space Stage), International Exhibition of New Theater Techniques, Konzerthaus, Vienna, 1924
Adolf Loos, Strasser House, Vienna, 1922
Adolf Loos, Project: Chicago Tribune Building, 1922
Adolf Loos, House for Tristan Tzara, Paris, 1926
27
19. Red Vienna
Working class slum in Vienna at the turn of the century
Typical Vienna tenement building, late 19th century, plan
"Wild" settlements along the Rosenthalgasse, Vienna, 1919
Adolf Loos, Heuberg Siedlung, Vienna, 1920-22
Settlers working on the Rosenhügel Housing Estate, 1921
Josef Frank, Hoffingergasse Siedlung, Vienna, 1921-24
Heinrich Tessenow, Rannersdorf Housing Estate, Vienna, 1921-24
Karl Ehn, Hermeswiese Siedlung, Vienna, 1924-25
Hubert Gessner and Robert Kalesa, Metzleinsthaler-Hof, Vienna, 1919-20
Adolf Loos, Karl Dirnhuber, Franz Schuster, and Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Otto-Haas-Hof, 1924-25
Peter Behrens, Josef Hoffmann, Josef Frank, Oskar Strnad, and Oskar Wlach, Winarksy-Hof, Vienna, 1924-25
Josef Frank, Wiedenhofer-Hof, Vienna, 1924-25
Hubert Gessner, Reumann-Hof, Vienna, 1924-26
Hubert Gessner, Karl-Seitz-Hof, Vienna, 1927-31
Heinrich Schmid and Hermann Aichinger, Fuchsenfeld-Hof, Vienna, 1924-25
Karl Ehn, Karl-Marx-Hof, Vienna, 1926-30
Rudolf Perco, Holy-Hof, Vienna, 1928-30
Rudolf Perco, Friedrich-Engels-Hof, Vienna, 1931-32
Vienna Werkbundsiedlung, Lainz, 1930-32; Vienna Werkbundsiedlung, poster
André Lurcat, Apartment house
Oswald Haerdtl, Double house
Josef Hoffmann, Row houses
Oskar Strnad, Single-family house
Hans Vetter, Single-family house 28
20. The Triumph of Functionalism
Oldřich Tyl and Josef Fuchs, Trade Fair Palace, Prague, 1924-28
Jaromír Krejcar, Olympic Building, Prague, 1925-28
Evžen Linhart, Linhart Villa, Prague, 1926-29
Jan Rosůlek, Rosůlek Villa, Prague, 1927-29
Otakar Novotný, Manes Association of Fine Artists, Prague, 1927-30
Adolf Benš and Josef Križ, Electric Company Building. Prague, 1926-35
Jindřich Svoboda, Bat'a Department Store, Prague, 1927-29
Bat’a Factory Complex, Zlín (Czech Republic), 1930s
Josef Gočár and Alois Wachsmann, Church of St. Wenceslas, Prague, 1929-30
Ladislav Žak, Hain Villa, Prague, 1932-33
Adolf Loos, Winternitz Villa, Prague, 1931-32
Pavel Janák, Church of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church, Prague, 1931-33
Evžen Linhart, Edvard Beneš Secondary School in Dejvice, Prague, 1937-38
Vlastimil Brozek, Karel Polívka, and Jan Mentberger, House of Musical Instruments, Prague, 1938-39
Milan Babuska and František Rehák, ARA Department Store, Prague, 1927-31
Adolf Foehr, Brandejs Department Store, Prague, 1930-32
Functionalist buildings throughout Czechoslovakia
Bohuslav Fuchs, Zemanova Coffee House, Brno, 1926-26
Bohuslav Fuchs, Hotel Avion, Brno, 1926-28
Bohuslav Fuchs and Arnošt Wiesner, Moravian Bank, Brno, 1929-30
Bohuslav Fuchs and Josef Polášek, Vesna School for Girls, Brno, 1929-31
Bohuslav Fuchs, other buildings in Brno, late 1920s and 1930s
Emil Belluš, Pieštány Bridge (Slovakia), 1929-31
Farkas Molnár, Villa Dálnoki-Kovács. Budapest, 1932
Slavko Löwy, Radovan Building, Zagreb, 1933-34
Pension Aida (architect unknown), Kraków (Poland), c. 1935
Sculptures, Werkstätten Hagenauer, 1920s and 30s
Josef Hoffmann, Austria Pavilion at the Venice Biennale, 1934 29
Peter Behrens and Alexander Popp, Austrian Tobacco Factory, Linz, 1929-35
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Frankfurt Kitchen, 1927
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Stonborough-Wittgenstein House, Vienna, 1926-28
Walter Loos, villas in and around Vienna
Ernst Plischke, Liesing Labor Office, Vienna, 1932
Ernst Plischke, House on the Attersee (Upper Austria), 1934
Siegfried Theiss and Hans Jaksch, Hochhaus Herrengasse, Vienna, 1931-32
Jaromír Krejcar, Zdeněk Kejr, Ladislav Sutnar, and Bohumil Soumar, Czechoslovak Pavilion at the 1937 Paris Exposition
21. Jože Plečnik and the Architectura perennis
Project for a monument, c. 1899
Otto Wagner and Plečnik, Stadtbahn station at Rossauerlände, 1900
Langer House, Vienna, 1900-01
Weidmann House, 1901-02
Langer Apartment Building, Vienna, 1901-03
Zacherl Building, Vienna, 1903-05
Church of the Holy Spirit, Vienna, 1910-13
Reconstruction of Prague Castle, 1920-34
Church of the Sacred Heart, Prague, 1928-32
Reconstruction of Ljubljana (Slovenia), 1921-1950s
30
23. The New Space: Open Plan, Raumplan, and Free Plan
Adolf Loos, Villa Moller, Vienna, 1927-28
Adolf Loos, Villa Müller, Prague, 1929-31
Josef Frank Villa Beer, Vienna, 1928-30
Josef Frank, Project for the M. S. House, Los Angles, 1930
Josef Frank, House for Walter Wehtje, Falsterbo, Sweden, 1935-36
31
24. After the Deluge: Late Modernism, the New Historicism, the Inflatable Moment, Deconstructivism, and Organicism
Karl Schwanzer, Phillips Building, Vienna, 1962-64
Prefabricated apartment buildings (Panálaky), Dáblice, Prague, 1970s
Communal housing blocks, Vienna, early 1960s
Hans Hollein, Retti Candle Shop, Vienna, 1964-65
Haus-Rucker-Co (Laurids Ortner, Manfred Ortner, and Günther Zamp), Gelbes Herz (Yellow Heart, 1967
Missing Link (Adolf Krischanitz, Angela Heiterer, and Otto Kapfinger), Villa Rosa, 1968
Coop Himmelblau (Wolf D. Prix and Helmut Swiczinsky), Wolke II, Schrage Ebene (Tilted Plane, 1968-69
Hans Hollein, Schullin Jewelry Store II, Vienna, 1983-84
Hans Hollein, Kunstforum, Vienna, 1984-85
Hans Hollein, Haas-Haus, Vienna, 1985-90
Friedrich Hundertwasser, Hundertwasser House, Vienna, 1983-85
Friedrich Hundertwasser, Municipal Incineration Plant, Vienna, 1995
Gustav Peichl, ORF Studio, Graz, Austria, 1978
Municipal housing projects, Vienna
Adolf Krischanitz, Austrian Pavilion at the Frankfurt Book Fair, 1995
Adolf Krischanitz Pilotengasse Housing Project, Vienna, 1989-92
Adolf Krischanitz Single-family house, 1996
Coop Himmelblau (Wolf D. Prix and Helmut Swiczinsky), Falkenstrasse Roof Addition, Vienna, 1983-88
Günther Domenig, Zentralsparkasse Bank, Favoriten Branch, Vienna , 1975-79
Imre Makovecz, Lutheran Church, Siofok, Hungary, early 1990s
Imre Makovecz, Set designs for the Budapest Opera, 1990s
Imre Makovecz, Catholic Church, Paks, Hungary, 1993