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Transit Signal Priority Research Tools Transit Signal Priority Research Tools May 2008 DISCLAIMER NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products of manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in the document only because they are essential to the objective of this report. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the USDOT and the State of California. Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED May 2008 2005 - 2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Transit Signal Priority Research Tools CA-26-7049-00 6. AUTHOR(S) Yue Li, Peter Koonce, Meng Li, Kun Zhou, Yuwei Li, Scott Beaird, Wei-Bin Zhang, Larry Hegen, Kang Hu, Alex Skabardonis, and Z. Sonja Sun 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION ADDRESS(ES) REPORT NUMBER California Department of Transportation University of California Kittelson & Associates, Inc. UCB-ITS-PRR-2008-4 Division of Research and Innovation PATH Program 610 SW Alder Street, 1227 O Street, 5th Floor 1325 South 46th Street Suite 700 Sacramento, CA 95814 Richmond, CA 94804 Portland, Oregon 97205 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/ MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER U.S. Department of Transportation 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE FTA-CA-26-7049-2008.1 Washington, D.C. 20590 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Available From: National Technical Information Service/NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, FTA/TRI-11 Virginia 22161. Phone 703.605.6000, Fax 703.605.6900, Email [orders@ntis.d.gov] 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) This report presents the results of a research project that addresses Transit Signal Priority (TSP) deployment issues. The report reviews National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) 1211 Signal Control and Prioritization (SCP) standards, defines five SCP scenarios, and describes how the SCP scenarios can be applied differently based on TSP priority and operating policies. The report provides an overview of a number of TSP systems, including centralized TSP, two discrete TSP systems based on loop detection and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies, and an Adaptive Transit Signal Priority (ATSP) system. A comparison of the different TSP deployments, and guidance on the necessary infrastructure required to implement these TSP systems, are provided. The report also discusses TSP evaluation methodologies, including recommended measures of effectiveness (MOE’s) and data required for performing a quantitative assessment. Evaluations of a number of TSP deployment sites are documented to demonstrate how the benefits of TSP to transit and the impacts of TSP to traffic operations are assessed using the recommended approaches. Finally, the report provides guidance on TSP planning and analysis methods, such as simulation and regional modeling tools. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Transit Signal Priority, Priority Request Generator, Priority Request Server, Signal Control and 126 Prioritization, Traffic Response Field Master, Traffic Management Center, Transit Management Center, National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol, Transit Communications Interface Profiles, Centralized TSP Architecture, Distributed TSP Architecture, Evaluation, Measures of Effectiveness, 16. PRICE CODE Benefits, Costs, Modeling and Simulation Tools 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18298-102 Transit Signal Priority Research Tools Final Report May 2008 Prepared by: California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Division of Research and Innovation 1227 O Street, 5th Floor Sacramento, CA 95814 California PATH Program University of California at Berkeley 1357 South 46th Street Richmond, CA 94804 Kittelson and Associates, Inc. 610 SW Alder Street, Suite 700 Portland, Oregon 97205 Report No. FTA-CA-26-7049-2008.1 Prepared for: Office of Research, Demonstration and Innovation Federal Transit Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 ITS Joint Program Office Research and Innovative Technology Administration 1200 New Jersey Ave, SE Washington, DC 20590 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................I LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................III LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... VII 1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 3 2.2 PROJECT PURPOSE........................................................................................................................ 3 2.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION............................................................................................................... 4 3 TSP IMPLEMENTATION SCENARIOS – CENTRALIZED AND DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE .............................................................................................................................. 5 3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1 The NTCIP 1211 Standard .................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2 The TCIP Standard................................................................................................................ 6 3.2 SIGNAL CONTROL AND PRIORITIZATION SCENARIOS FOR TSP..................................................... 7 3.2.1 Centralized TSP Architecture................................................................................................ 7 3.2.2 Distributed TSP Architecture .............................................................................................. 11 3.3 APPLICABILITY OF SCP SCENARIOS UNDER DIFFERENT TSP APPLICATIONS AND OPERATING POLICIES.................................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Unconditional Priority Requests ......................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 Conditional Priority Requests ............................................................................................. 18 3.3.3 Prioritizing Multiple Requests............................................................................................. 22 3.3.4 Operating Policy: Schedule vs. Headway Based................................................................. 23 4 TSP TECHNOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATIONS..................................................................... 26 4.1 TSP TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................................................. 26 4.1.1 Transit Vehicle Detection (Initiation of Priority Request Process)..................................... 27 4.1.2 Traffic Signal Hardware and Software ............................................................................... 36 4.1.3 Communication Technology................................................................................................ 37 4.1.4 Transit Vehicle AVL System ................................................................................................ 38 4.1.5 Traffic Management Centers............................................................................................... 39 4.1.6
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