A-2 Selected for Rain Gardens in Western Washington

The list on the following pages includes native and non-native plant species and varieties suitable for rain gardens and commonly available in western Washington. This plant list is not intended to be an inclusive list of all plants appropriate for rain gardens, but a guide to some of the more commonly used rain garden plants in our region at the time of publication. You can explore many plant choices for rain gardens, especially for Zone 3 plantings. The website www. greatplantpicks.org is a great resource for plants adapted to native or western Washington. Refer to the resources list (Appendix B) for some additional reference sources for plants.

Select the right plants to fit soil, sun/shade exposure, and other conditions on your site. identifies each plant's correlation to the three planting zones (characterized by soil moisture):

Zone 1: Areas of periodic, or frequent, standing or flowing water. Zone 1 plants should also tolerate the seasonally dry summers in western Washington without extra watering (except during the initial 1 to 2 year establishment period). Zone 2: Periodically moist or saturated soils during larger storms. Plants are typically planted on the side slopes in this zone and can help to protect against erosion once established. Zone 3: Drier soils, infrequently subject to inundation or saturation. May be planted on a berm or just outside the perimeter of the rain garden. This zone can blend with the existing landscape of the site if desired. The plant list includes only some of the many beautiful plants you can explore for Zone 3.

Other Special Considerations Plant List Legend Exposure - Noted in the plant list, some plants do better in full sun, partial sun/partial shade, and/or shade. When planning your garden layout, remember Native Plant to consider that some areas of the garden may be sunny and some may be Full Sun Exposure shady. Or if in full sun or shade, choose plants carefully to fit the conditions. Partial Sun Exposure Drought Tolerance - Plants included are typically tolerant of dry summer conditions experienced in Western Washington. Nonetheless, summer irrigation Shade will be necessary during the first 1 to 2 years after planting to establish these D Deciduous plants, and may be necessary during periods of drought in subsequent years. E Evergreen Plant Spacing and Large Trees - Consider height, spread, and extent of roots at maturity. Use caution in plant selection for areas near utilities, buried 1, 2, or 3 Planting Zones pipes and other structures. If placed close to a road or driveway, consider the E* Semi-evergreen; typically potential for lower limbs to cause visibility problems. (Semi) evergreen in mild winters ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-3 Plant EMERGENTS (SEDGES, RUSHES, AND BULRUSHES) List

Fine-textured, tufted 1/16"- Carex comans wide, hair-like silvery , To 18" 'Frosted Curls' 12" to 18" almost cylindrical leaves; 1 2 3 E Spreading New Zealand hair sedge shimmers iridescent in the breeze; illusion of falling water Peggy Campbell

Carex obnupta To 48" Shiny foliage; excellent soil 1 2 E 12" to 36" April - May Slough sedge Spreading binder; can spread rapidly King County Native

Deep green variegated creamy Carex oshimensis Late Spring or white band on foliage that 'Evergold' 12" to 24" 24" to 36" turns to yellow; great accent 2 3 E Early Summer Variegated Japanese sedge plant; good for edges and borders Peggy Campbell

Mounding form; orange-brown/ Carex testacea To 15" bronze color in spring and 1 2 3 E 12" to 15" Early Summer Orange New Zealand sedge Spreading summer; more intensive orange in winter Snohomish County

Juncus acuminatus 12" - 24" Spring to A delicate rush with purple to 1 E 6" to 18" reddish brown flowers in an Taper-tipped rush Spreading Summer open array of clusters Wikipedia Commons

Flattened stems like an iris; Juncus ensifolius 6" to 9" dark brown flowers small 1 E 6" to 15" Summer Dagger- rush Spreading and rounded like pom-poms; yellow-orange fall color King County Native

Juncus patens 18" to 24" Spiky, blue-green grass-like 'Elk Blue' 12" to 24" May - August foliage; other cultivars readily 1 2 E Spreading Spreading rush available callutheran.edu

Juncus tenuis May - Soft, bright green foliage and 1 2 E 6" to 20" 6" to 30" Slender rush September delicate flowers Wikipedia Commons ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-4 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List EMERGENTS CONTINUED

Large, round flower clusters persist over winter; attractive Scirpus microcarpus 12" to 24" June to 1 E 24" to 36" in combination with spiky Small-fruited bulrush Spreading August flowers; good soil binder; spreads aggressively King County Native

GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS

Attracts insects and butterflies; aromatic leaves; many varieties Achillea Summer to including‘Moonshine’ 'Paprika', 3 D 24" to 36" 24" to 36" Yarrow Early Fall and 'Terracotta'; flower stalks remain over winter providing forage for wildlife Peggy Campbell

Acorus calamus Fragrant; sword-shaped leaves; 'Variegatus' 2 3 E* 24" 18" to 24" may require more water to get (Semi) Sweet flag established Missouri Botanical Garden

Grows in clumps; semi- Acorus gramineus evergreen, brighter in sun; 'Ogon' 1 2 E* 10" 4" to 6" Spring deer resistant; fragrant flowers; (Semi) Golden variegated sweet flag may require more water to get established Gardens and Plants

Beautiful red and yellow Aquilegia formosa flowers; attracts hummingbirds 2 3 D 12" to 36" 12" to 36" Spring Western columbine and butterflies; will re-seed; tolerant of seasonal flooding Peggy Campbell

Low-growing ground cover; Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 24" to 36" March to easy-care once established; 6" to 12" pink buds open to small, 2 3 E Spreading June Bearberry, kinnikinnick bell-shaped white flowers; red berries Snohomish County

Unique dark purple-reddish- brown three-lobed blooms; Asarum caudatum 36" kidney shaped glossy leaves 2 3 E 4" to 6" April to June Wild ginger Spreading smell like ginger when crushed: Asarum caudatum f. album has white flowers King County Native ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-5 Plant GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED) List

Aster modestus Violet to purple flowers; thrives 2 3 D 12" to 42" 36" July to August Great northern aster in full sun Washington Native Plant

Finely textured wide frond, Athyrium filix-femina 18" to 24" vigorous grower; tolerant of 1 2 3 D 36" to 60" shallow flooding; can handle Lady fern Spreading full sun in wet conditions but prefers shade King County Native

Long, narrow, dark, glossy Blechnum spicant leaves with wavy, crinkled 1 2 3 E 12" to 36" 24" April to May Deer fern edges; tolerant of shallow flooding; avoid sun exposure King County Native

Late Spring Loose clusters of flowers Camassia leichtlinii ranging from light to deep 2 3 D 36" to 48" 18" to Early Large or giant camas blue; particularly showy Summer planted in groups King County Native

Camassia quamash Loose clusters of deep blue 2 3 D 18" 12" May to June flowers; particularly showy Common camas planted in groups King County Native

Smooth stems and leaves; Coreopsis verticillata or C. Summer to flowers of yellow, orange, lanceolata 2 3 E* 18" to 36" 12" to 18" maroon, and bronze; thrives (Semi) Fall Tickseed in full sun; try 'Moonbeam,' 'Zagreb,' or 'Full Moon' Wikipedia Commons

Stunning, grassy foliage with Deschampsia cespitosa Late Spring creamy white variegation that 'Northern Lights' 2 3 E* 6" to 12" 6" to 12" to Early turns pink in winter (attractive (Semi) Tufted hair grass Summer in winter months): several other cultivars available Snohomish County

Delicate foliage with attractive Dicentra formosa pink to red flowers; many Western or Pacific bleeding 2 3 D 8" to 12" 24" Spring cultivars available, as well as heart Dicentra spectabilis, a popular non-native bleeding heart Washington Native Plant ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-6 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED) Flowering may continue until frost; flowers have rosy-purple Echinacea purpurea Mid-Summer hue with a large orange cone 3 D 36" to 48" 24" Purple coneflower to Late Fall in the center; many cultivars available with various flower colors; thrives in full sun Wikipedia Commons

Wide, course, prickly, grayish- Echinops Mid-Summer green leaves; spherical blue- 3 D 24" to 48" 18" to 24" purple flowers golf-ball sized; Globe thistle to Late Fall great plant for butterflies/ pollinators; several species Peggy Campbell

Metallic blue leaves; often magellanicus grown for foliage over summer- 3 24" to 36" 18" to 24" Summer Magellan wheatgrass D blooming flowers; self seeds readily Missouri Botanical Garden

Erigeron speciosus Leafy stems; produces clusters Spring to of dark violet/lavender flowers 'Darkest of All' 18" 24" 2 3 D Summer with bright yellow eye; various Showy Fleabane other cultivars available PNW Flowers

Evergreen shrubs varying in height, fragrance, and flower Erysimum color. Many cultivars, such 2 3 E* 6" to 24" 12" to 24" Spring to Fall Shrubby wallflowers (Semi) as 'Apricot Twist,' 'Fragrant Sunshine', 'John Coddington,' and 'Wenlock Beauty,' Wikipedia Commons

Festuca glauca Up to Up to Striking blue gray to silvery 'Elijah Blue' 3 E* Summer white clumping grass; (Semi) 12" 12" Blue fescue good as edging WSU PNW Plants

Shiny, evergreen foliage with large white flowers; small hairy Fragaria chiloensis 36" 2 3 D 6" to 10" Summer strawberries; great groundcover Beach or coastal strawberry Spreading for weed control but will be an aggressive spreader King County Native

Airy clusters of small, attractive pink flowers; many Gaura lindheimeri May to cultivars available including 2 3 E* 30" to 36" 30" to 36" Gaura or wand flower (Semi) August ‘Siskiyou Pink,’ 'Whirlling Butterflies,' and 'Passionate Rainbow' American Meadows ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-7 Plant GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED) List

Geranium cantabrigiense Early Spring Pleasantly scented foliage; 'Biokovo' 2 3 E* 6" to 8" 6" to 8" (Semi) to Summer pinkish white blooms Biokovo hardy geranium Peggy Campbell

Flower colors vary by cultivar; aromatic leaves when crushed; Geranium macrorrhizum many cultivars available 3 D 12" to 18" 18" to 24" Summer Hardy geranium, crane's-bill including ‘Album’, ‘Bevan’s Variety’ and ‘Ingwersen’s Variety’ Colleen Miko

Flowers of red, apricot, orange, Spring to and yellow; many are evergreen Geum Summer or semi-evergreen; many 2 3 D 8" to 20" 12" Avens (Long cultivars such as 'Mango Lassi,' Blooming) Starker's Magnificum,' 'Borsii,' and 'Mrs. Bradshaw' US Forest Service

Low-growing evergreen Helianthemum subshrub that's great for berms, front of borders; many varieties nummularium 3 E* 6" to 24" 36" May to July (Semi) available for flower color Sunrose variation - salmon, pink, red, yellow, white, and golden color Wikipedia Commons

Helictotrichon sempervirens Striking blue foliage; great 3 E 24" to 48" 24" to 48" Summer accent alone or in clusters; Blue oat grass thrives in full sun Wikipedia Commons

New varieties are fragrant and Spring to repeat bloomers; clusters of Hemerocallis Summer flowers attract butterflies; 2 3 D 24" to 48" 24" Daylily (Long many colors to choose from Blooming) including pinks, reds, yellows, oranges, lavender, and white Wikipedia Commons

Spring and Showy red or coral flowers in Hesperantha coccinea Late Summer gladiolus-type arrangement; E* 18" to 24" 18" to 24" clump-forming habit with 1 2 3 (repeat bloom Crimson flag (Semi) sword-like foliage; some sequence) cultivars are evergreen Wikipedia Commons

Highly variable depending on cultivar selected, foliage from Heuchera Late Spring to chartreuse to black; flowers 2 3 D 24" to 36" 12" to 18" Coral bells or alumroot Early Summer white to scarlet; some are more sun tolerant than others; try 'Purple Palace,' or 'Obsidian' Peggy Campbell ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-8 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED)

Hyssopus officinalis Evergreen subshrub with Summer to pungent foliage; dark blue 'Rosea' or 'Nana' 18" to 24" 18" to 24" 2 3 E Fall flower spikes; attracts Hyssop (pink or blue) butterflies and bees Wikipedia

Purple and blue flowers, Iris douglasiana narrow foliage in clumps 1 2 3 E 12" to 24" 18" to 24" Early Spring similar to course grass; do not Douglas iris use non-native and invasive yellow-flag iris Snohomish County

Iris tenax Attractive and showy blue 1 2 3 E 12" to 18" 12" May to June flowers; do not use non-native Oregon or tough-leaf iris and invasive yellow-flag iris Pacific Bulb Society

Blue to purple flowers; Lavendula angustifolia 24" to 60" June to aromatic flowers and leaves; 3 E 24" attracts insects; great for English lavender Spreading August edges; many cultivars are available Peggy Campbell

Gray-green leaves; dark purple Lavendula stoechas flowers with bracts above like 3 E 36" 24" May to July bunny ears; highly attractive Spanish lavender to butterflies and honey bees; many cultivars are available Jean-Pol Grandmont

Spiky purple-to-pink flowers; Liatris spicata Mid to Late handles broad range of soils, 2 3 D 24" to 48" 6" to 18" clay to sand; nice complement Gayfeather Summer to ornamental grasses, daylilies Most Beautiful Flower

Clusters of blue, purple, or reddish flowers on spikes; Lupinus important for butterflies and 3 D 18" to 48" 24" to 30" Summer Lupine butterfly caterpillars; many species and cultivars are available US Forest Service

Good accent plants around Miscanthus sinensis Summer edges to mimic natural ponds; 2 3 D 24" to 60" 48" (some persist dwarf varieties available; try Japanese silver grass to Winter) 'Morning Light', 'Little Kitten,' and 'Yaku Jima' Prairie Star Flowers ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-9 Plant GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED) List

Molinia caerulea This cultivar has creamy yellow and white striped foliage; many 12" to 18" 12" to 18" July 'Variegata' 1 2 D others available; provides an Moor grass (variegated) attractive edge Missouri Botanical

Heart-shaped, gray-green leaves; lavender-blue flowers; Nepeta x faassenii Late Spring to attractive to cats; thrives in 3 E* 12" 18" to 24" Catmint (Semi) Early Summer full sun; many cultivars with differing heights, spread, and flower color Wikipedia Commons

Nothochelone nemorosa Long-flowering with purple- 12" to 42" 12" to 42" Summer Turtlehead, woodland beard- 3 D pink flowers tongue Wikipedia Commons

Striking black grass-like foliage is a nice background for brightly Ophiopogon planiscapus Up to Up to Late Spring to 3 E* colored flowers; spreads slowly; Black mondo grass (Semi) 12" 12" Early Summer bell-shaped white or purple flowers; best in filtered light; try 'Nigrescens' or 'Ebony Knight' Wikipedia Commons

Clump-forming grass with showy, airy flowers; foliage Panicum virgatum ranges from bright red to bluish; 2 3 D 48" to 72" 48" to 72" Summer Switch grass great fall color and winter interest; try 'Heavy Metal,' Dallas Blues,' or 'Shenandoah' Wikipedia Commons

Several varieties in dwarf and Pennisetum Summer; various colors; bottle-brush-like flowers; some persist through 4" to 48" 12" to 24" Some Over alopecuroides 3 winter; cut dried foliage in late D Winter Fountain grass winter/early spring; try 'Hameln' 'Little Bunny,' or 'Moudry' North Creek Nursery

Bright purple to blue purple Penstemon cardwellii flowers; found in west side Cardwell's penstemon, 3 E* 12" to 30" 12" to 24" Early Summer forests and on rocky slopes; beard tongue (Semi) other natives available including other evergreens PNW Flowers

Perovskia atriplicifolia Late Spring to Semi-woody; aromatic gray- 3 E* 36" to 48" 36" to 48" green foliage; small lavender- Russian sage (Semi) Late Summer blue flowers; very adaptable Wikipedia Commons ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-10 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED)

Polystichum munitum Large native fern; stately 2 3 E 36" to 48" 36" to 60" appearance; prefers some Western sword fern shade NW Plants

White flowers producing Rubus calycinoides 36" to 60" orange berries; turns raspberry 'Emerald Carpet' 3 E 4" to 8" Slowly Spring red with the onset of autumn; Creeping raspberry/bramble Spreading requires more regular water to become established Wikipedia Commons

Rudbeckia hirta June to Orange-yellow flowers with 3 D 12" to 36" 12" to 36" dark brownish-black centers; Black-eyed Susan October attractive to bees Wikipedia Commons

Spiky pink flower clusters atop long stems are nice Sidalcea hendersonii complement to tall bulrushes; 1 D 36" to 48" 24" to 36" Summer Henderson's checker-mallow can spread aggressively to quickly fill in Zone 1 with emergents King County Native

Symphyotrichum chilense June to White to purple flowers; thrives 2 D 18" to 36" 36" Pacific aster September in full sun US Forest Service

Blue to purple flowers with June to Symphyotrichum yellow centers; prefers full sun, 36" September tolerates some shade; nice 6" to 36" subspicatum 1 2 3 D Spreading (Late Season complement to checker-mallow Douglas aster Bloomer) and bulrushes; other species and cultivars are available Flickr

Tellima grandiflora Up to March to Yellow-green to pink flowers; 2 3 D 12" foliage persists somewhat over Fringecup 12" June winter King County Native

Can form dense colonies; Tiarella trifoliata Early to Mid showy sprays of creamy- 2 3 D 12" 12" Foamflower Summer white flowers; foliage persists somewhat over winter King Country Native ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-11 Plant GROUNDCOVERS, ORNAMENTAL GRASSES, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, AND FERNS (CONTINUED) List

Brownish-purple flowers; Tolmiea menziesii makes effective groundcover April to 12" to 24" 12" in summer; foliage present in Youth-on-age, 2 D August piggyback plant winter, when tiny leaves are seen in axils of older leaves King County Native

Trillium ovatum Unique, white flowers; not 2 3 D Up to 18" 12" Early Spring Western trillium easily adaptable Washington Native Plant

Vancouveria hexandra Groundcover blends with other E* natives; unique flowers; foliage Inside-out flower or 2 3 8" to 12" 12" to 36" Spring (Semi) is somewhat persistent over duck's foot winter Colleen Miko

SMALL TO MEDIUM SHRUBS

Arbutus unedo 'Compacta' Adaptable; white to greenish- 3 E 6' to 8' 5' to 6' Fall white flowers; striking red- Dwarf strawberry tree orange fruit Wikipedia Commons

Low-growing, semi-evergreen woody perennial; small Caryopteris clandonensis Mid Summer lavender-blue or sapphire-blue 3 E* 2' to 3' 2' to 3' Blue mist (Semi) to Fall flowers in robust clusters; some cultivars have golden yellow fall foliage; many cultivars available WSU Extension

Cornus sanguinea Tiny white flower clusters; bright red stems in winter; 5' to 6' 4' to 6' May to June 'Midwinter Fire' 1 2 3 D adaptable to various soil Bloodtwig dogwood conditions The Seattle Times

Small white flowers in clusters; Cornus sericea 12' berry-like bluish-white fruits; 1 2 3 D 7' to 9' May to June striking red stems provide Red-twig dogwood Spreading winter color; adaptable to various soil conditions US Forest Service ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-12 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List SMALL TO MEDIUM SHRUBS (CONTINUED)

Small white flowers; reddish- Cornus sericea purple fall color; yellow 5' 'Flaviramea' 6' to 8' May to June stems provide color in winter; 1 2 3 D Spreading Yellow-twig dogwood adaptable to various soil conditions UW Botanical Garden

Cornus sericea Small white flowers; berry-like 3' fruit; compact form; good 'Kelseyi' 1.5' to 3' May to June 1 2 3 D Spreading groundcover; striking winter Dwarf red-twig dogwood color with red stems Oregon State

Gaultheria shallon 5' March to White or pinkish flowers; 2 3 E 2' to 5' reddish-blue to dark purple Salal Spreading June berries; spreads well in shade King County Native

Small/compact; flowering; choose the hardiest cultivars Hebe Varies; Mostly available (USDA Zone 7 3 E 2' to 4' 2' to 5' Hebe Summer or below); many cultivars including 'Autumn Glory, 'Buxifolia,' and 'Blue Mist' OSU Extension

The only drought-tolerant hydrangea; features unusual Hydrangea quercifolia Summer to oak-like leaves and long white 3 D 3' to 8' 4' to 6' Oakleaf hydrangea Fall flower clusters; several cultivars offer dwarf to taller shrubs and single to double flowers Colleen Miko

Low-growing, spreading shrub Lonicera pileata with glossy evergreen leaves is 2 3 E 3' 5' April to June Boxwood honeysuckle great for covering berms and side slopes Wikipedia Commons

Mahonia aquifolium March to Glossy leaves; yellow flowers; 2 3 E 6' to 10' 5' attracts hummingbirds; blue- Tall Oregon grape April black berries Wikipedia Commons

Mahonia aquifolium 'Compacta' Dwarf form of sun-loving 2 3 E 2' to 3' 3' to 4' April to June native Oregon grape has same Compact or dwarf tall flowers; stays compact Oregon grape WSU PNW Plants ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-13 Plant SMALL TO MEDIUM SHRUBS (CONTINUED) List

Mahonia nervosa Glossy leaves; yellow flowers; 2 3 E 2' to 3' 2' to 3' April to June attracts hummingbirds; blue Low Oregon grape berries King County Native

This creeping Oregon grape Mahonia repens 3' from eastern Washington 2 3 E 3' April to June Creeping mahonia Spreading performs best in part day sun/ shade; tidy, compact form Wikipedia Commons

Similar to Pacific Wax Myrtle, Myrica gale but deciduous and smaller; 1 2 3 D 4' to 8' 4' to 6' May to June Sweet gale may need more water to get established Snohomish County

Philadelphus lewisii Fragrant white flowers; 2 3 D 5' to 10' 5' to 10' June to July Mock-orange makes thickets Peggy Campbell

Cultivars offer differing heights, leaf color, and fall color; all offer Physocarpus opulifolius peeling bark and white flowers; 2 3 D 4' to 10' 3' to 8' May to July Common ninebark see "Large Shrubs & Trees" list for native Pacific ninebark; try 'Diablo,' or 'Center Glow' OSU Extension

Low-growing evergreen is great for berms and anchoring Pinus mugo mugo 3 E 1' to 4' 3' to 5' May to June corners; several cultivars Dwarf mugho pine available; some stay very low, others grow taller Wikipedia Commons

Big palmate leaves have pungent but pleasant aroma. Ribes bracteosum long clusters of white flowers 1 D 5' to 7' 5' to 7' April to May Stink currant followed by blue fruits that attract native birds. May require loamier soils King County Native

Large clusters of rosy-red Ribes sanguineum flowers attract hummingbirds 2 3 D 6' to 12' 4' to 10' March to May and other pollinators; dark blue Red-flowering currant to black berries; vase-shaped form; thornless Washington Native Plant ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-14 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List SMALL TO MEDIUM SHRUBS (CONTINUED) Native, thornless raspberry shrub features large, fuzzy Rubus parviflorus palmate leaves, giant white 2 3 D 4' to 8' 8' April to June Thimbleberry flowers, and red fruits; spreads by rhizome, sometimes aggressively Wikipedia Commons

Magenta flowers; yellow-orange Rubus spectabilis 10' February to fruits are early nectar source 1 2 3 D 5' to 10' for hummingbirds; spreads Salmonberry Spreading April aggressively and makes thickets; good soil binder King County Native

Finely textured blue-gray Salix purpurea foliage; small white flowers; purple stems adds winter 5' to 8' 5' to 8' April to May 'Nana' 1 D interest; fast growing; note that Dwarf blue arctic willow despite the name "dwarf," this shrub will become large WSU PNW Plants

A dramatic accent plant with Sambucus nigra rosy flowers contrasting with blackish, deeply dissected 6' to 8' 6' to 8' 'Black Lace' 1 2 3 D foliage; blackish-red berries Black lace elderberry attract wildlife; prune if necessary after blooming Dancing Oaks

Spiraea densiflora Showy pink flower clusters 1 2 3 D 3' to 4' 2' to 4' May to June on orangish twigs make this a Subalpine spirea nice compact shrub for Zone 1 King County Native

Spikes of rosy-pink flower Spiraea douglassii 6' to 10' June to clusters; great for butterflies; 1 2 4' to 7' can self-seed readily and may Douglas spirea D Spreading August spread and crowd out other plants in consistently wet soils King County Native

Cultivars with different height, Spiraea thunbergii and flower color, and foliage; some Spiraea japonica have golden or orange new 2 3 D 1.5' to 5' 1.5' to 5' April to July Thunberg spirea and growth; try 'Ogon,' 'Magic Japanese spirea Carpet,' 'Dakota Charm,' 'Little Princess,' and 'Neon Flash' Wikipedia Commons

White berries from summer to winter; clusters of pink flowers Symphoricarpos albus 6' are great for pollinators; 2 3 D 2' to 6' April to June Snowberry Spreading great combined with red-twig dogwood and Oregon grape; spreads and forms thickets King County Native ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-15 Plant SMALL TO MEDIUM SHRUBS (CONTINUED) List

Symphoricarpos x doorenbosii Magenta berries cover this 2 3 D 4' to 6' 4' to 6' April to June upright coralberry and add 'Magic Berry' winter interest Coralberry Wikipedia Commons

Symphoricarpos x Bright magenta berries persist chenaultii through the winter on this 2' 6' to 10' May to June 'Hancock' 2 3 D shrub that protects berms from erosion Hancock coralberry Missouri Botanical Garden

Dwarf variety with compact spire Taxodium distichum form; see other cultivars such as ‘Cascade Falls’ (weeping to 5' 3' to 4' 'Peve Minaret' 1 2 3 E 20’), ‘Shawnee Brave’ (narrow Dwarf bald cypress pyramid to 20’); may still require occasional summer irrigation Tall Trees Group Tall

Dwarf variety of western red Thuja plicata cedar; unusual threadlike cascading bright green 5' 4' 'Whipcord' 2 3 E branches; turns bronze in winter; Dwarf western red cedar other smaller cultivars such as ‘Collyer’s Gold’ available PNW Plants

For partly or very shady spots, Vaccinium ovatum March to this native evergreen provides 3 E 4' to 10' 6' Evergreen huckleberry June flowers, beautiful foliage and wildlife habitat King County Native

White flowers; dense mounding Viburnum opulus habit; compact; tri-lobed leaves; 3' deer resistant; handsome filler 'Nanum' 2' to 3' Late Spring 2 3 D Spreading plant; readily re-seeds requiring Dwarf Cranberry Bush extra maintenance to control; many other shrubs available Wikipedia Commons

LARGE SHRUBS AND TREES

Acer buergerianum Red, orange, or yellow fall 3 D 20' to 25' 20' to 25' Early Spring color; attractive flaking bark on Trident maple older trees Wikipedia Commons ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-16 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List LARGE SHRUBS AND TREES (CONTINUED)

Acer circinatum Small, multi-stemmed tree, 2 3 D 15' to 20' 15' to 20' Early Spring brilliant red-orange fall color; Vine maple excellent soil binder King County Native

Acer palmatum Coral-red bark; attractive form 'Sango Kaku' 20' to 25' 18' to 20' 3 D in garden Coral bark Japanese maple WSU PNW Flowers

Amelanchier alnifolia Large white flower clusters; 2 3 D 8' to 20' 5' to 10' April to May purple to blue-black berries; Western serviceberry attracts native birds King County Native

Betula albosinensis Tall slender tree; peeling 'Septentrionalis' 3 D 40' to 60' 10' copper-orange bark is an Chinese red birch attractive accent Wikipedia Commons

Betula jacquemontii Himalayan or 3 D 35' to 40' 18' to 20' April Showy white bark Jacquemonti birch Wikipedia Commons

Betula nigra Tall narrow form; best suited 3 D 50' to 70' 30' April to May to larger rain gardens; River birch peeling bark WSU PNW Plants

Betula papyrifera Best suited to large rain 3 D 50' to 90' 25' to 45' gardens; creamy white peeling Paper birch bark Wikipedia Commons

Cornus mas March to Adaptable; yellow flowers; 3 D 20' 20' Cornelian cherry April red fruit Wikipedia Commons ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS A-17 Plant LARGE SHRUBS AND TREES (CONTINUED) List Beautiful native for larger spaces; will attract wildlife; Corylus cornuta can be pruned into tree-like 2 3 D 10' to 20' 8' to 15' March to May Beaked hazelnut form or left to its natural vase-like shape; dangling male catkins add winter interest King County Native

Crataegus x lavallei Small white flowers; small 3 D 15' to 30' 15' to 30' May to June Lavalle hawthorn orangey-red fruits Wikipedia Commons

Narrow form fits in smaller Frangula purshiana spaces; purple to blue-black 2 3 D 15' to 30' 5' to 10' April to May Cascara berries; glossy foliage turns orange to yellow in fall King County Native

Creamy-white flower clusters Holodiscus discolor persist as brown seeds 3 D 8' to 15' 6' to 15' June to July over winter; great for native Oceanspray butterflies and birds; good soil binder King County Native

Yellow flowers with bright red bracts; shiny black berries; Lonicera involucrata attractive to hummingbirds; 1 2 3 D 6' to 9' 8' to 10' Summer/June Black twinberry need space to look their best; pruning may be necessary to keep looking tidy Peggy Campbell

Best for large rain gardens Magnolia virginiana Late Spring creamy, white flowers; needs acidic soils; this cultivar is 'Moonglow' 1 E* 35' to 40' 15' to 18' to Early (Semi) hardier, more upright; may Sweet bay or swamp magnolia Summer require some summer irrigation after established Wikipedia Commons

Best suited to large rain gardens; white to pink apple Malus fusca blossoms in small clusters; 1 2 3 D 10' - 30' 10' - 30' April to May Pacific crabapple clusters of yellowish-red fruits; nice fall color; attractive to wildlife King County Native

Malus transitoria Upright growing, vase shaped; 'Schmidtcutleaf' small star-shaped flowers from TM 3 D 20' 15' Spring pink buds; profuse blooms; Golden Raindrops also explore other disease Cutleaf crabapple resistant non-native species Great Plant Picks ZONE EXPOSURE MATURE SIZE Scientific Name TIME OF PLANT A-18 Common Name 1 2 3 D or E NATIVE Sun Partial Shade Height Width BLOOM CHARACTERISTICS Plant List LARGE SHRUBS AND TREES (CONTINUED)

Myrica californica For large areas or where 1 2 3 E 8' to 18' 10' to 20' May to June pruning will be regular; Pacific wax myrtle provides good wildlife habitat Peggy Campbell

One of the first natives to Oemleria cerasiformis 5' to 12' February to bloom in early spring; peach- 2 3 D 5' to 16' like berries in spring, then Indian plum; osoberry Spreading April plum-like berries in summer; spreads via underground stems UW - Burke Museum

Parrotia persica Late Winter Multi-stemmed, colorful tree particularly in fall; this cultivar 30' 15' to Early 'Vanessa' 3 D is dense and narrowly upright; Persian ironwood Spring tiny flowers with red stamens Scott Arboretum

Best in part shade; beautiful, Physocarpus capitatus peeling multi-colored bark; 1 2 3 D 8' to 13' 6' to 15' May to June white flowers; see also P. Pacific ninebark opulifolius and cultivars in the "small to medium" shrub list Washington Native Plant

A large, fast-growing shrub Sambucus caerulea with edible blue fruits that 2 3 D 10' to 20' 8' to 12' May to June appear in mid-summer Blue elderberry following the large clusters of creamy-white flowers Washington Native Plant

Xanthocyparis nootkatensis Smaller weeping form; slender Up to 30' 12' (Chamaecyparis 3 E and pyramidal nootkatensis) 'Pendula' Weeping Alaska yellow cedar Missouri Botanical Garden