DOCSLIB.ORG

Transition Towards a 100% Renewable Energy System by 2050 for Ukraine 2 Michael Childź [email protected] Agenda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transition Towards a 100% Renewable Energy System by 2050 for Ukraine 2 Michael Childź Michael.Child@Lut.Fi Agenda TRANSITION TOWARDS A 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM BY 2050 FOR UKRAINE Michael Child, Dmitrii Bogdanov and Christian Breyer Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland Hans-Josef Fell, Komila Nabiyeva Energy Watch Group, Germany Yuliia Oharenko, Oksana Aliieva Heinrich Böll Foundation Kiev, Ukraine NeoCarbon Energy 7th Researchers’ Seminar, January 24-25, 2017 Highlights ¾ A 100% renewable energy systems can provide reliable, sustainable energy services before 2050 ¾ A 100% renewable energy system is lower in cost than the current system based on nuclear and fossil fuels ¾ A well-designed 100% renewable energy system with energy storage solutions can provide power system stability, baseload power, and peak following power in all 8760 hours of the year Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 2 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Agenda Motivation Methodology and Data Results Summary Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 3 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Motivation ¾ COP21 set out a framework for action aimed at stabilising global GHGs ¾ Past Ukrainian reductions are due to drops in population, GDP and living standards ¾ Improvements will result in increased Total estimated installed capacities (net) in 2015 in Ukraine. energy use, especially electricity ¾ Improvements must be made in a sustainable manner ¾ What could the transition pathway to a 100% RE power system by 2050 look like for Ukraine? Total projected installed capacities (net) in 2050 in Ukraine based on 100% RE. Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 4 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Agenda Motivation Methodology and Data Results Summary Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 5 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Methodology Overview ¾ Energy transition pathway from 2015 nuclear and fossil based system to 100% RE by 2050 ¾ Transition in 5 year time steps ¾ No more than 20% growth in RE installed capacities compared to total power generation ¾ No new nuclear or fossil based thermal power plants installed after 2015 ¾ Least cost RE power plant mix replaces phased out nuclear and fossil power plants ¾ Energy system modelled to meet increasing electricity demand for each time step ¾ Research Objective: Find the least cost energy transition pathway for Ukraine. Total Electricity Consumption (TWh) 2015 158 2020 167 2025 175 2030 184 2035 194 2040 204 2045 214 Left: Aggregated load profile for Ukraine 2050 226 Right: Estimated electricity consumption of Ukraine from 2015 to 2050 Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 6 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Methodology – Modelling Objective ¾ Definition of an optimally structured energy system based on 100% RE supply ¾ optimal set of technologies, best adapted to the availability of the regions’ resources, ¾ optimal mix of capacities for all technologies, ¾ optimal operation modes for every element of the energy system, ¾ least cost energy supply for the given constraints. Input data LUT Energy model, key features ¾ historical weather data for: solar irradiation, wind ¾ linear optimization model speed and hydro precipitation ¾ hourly temporal resolution ¾ available sustainable resources for biomass and geothermal energy ¾ 0.45° x 0.45° spatial resolution ¾ synthesized power load data ¾ multi-node approach ¾ gas and water desalination demand ¾ flexibility and expandability ¾ efficiency/ yield characteristics of RE plants ¾ efficiency of energy conversion processes ¾ capex, opex, lifetime for all energy resources ¾ min and max capacity limits for all RE resources ¾ nodes and interconnections configuration Role of solar PV in Global Energy Transition Scenarios 7 Christian Breyer Ź [email protected] Methodology Full system Renewable energy sources • PV rooftop • PV ground-mounted • PV single-axis tracking • Wind onshore/ offshore • Hydro run-of-river • Hydro dam • Geothermal energy • CSP • Waste-to-energy • Biogas • Biomass Electricity transmission • node-internal AC transmission • interconnected by HVDC lines Storage options • Batteries • Pumped hydro storage • Adiabatic compressed air storage • Thermal energy storage, Power-to-Heat • Gas storage based on Power-to-Gas Energy Demand • Water electrolysis • Electricity • Methanation • Industrial Gas • CO2 from air Role• ofGas solar storage PV in Global Energy Transition Scenarios 8 Christian Breyer Ź [email protected] Agenda Motivation Methodology and Data Results Summary Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 9 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results Power Sector Mix Installed capacities of different power plants required from 2015 to 2050 Electricity production of the different power plant categories from 2015 to 2050 ¾ Ukraine can achieve a 86% RE power system by 2035 and 100% RE by 2050 ¾ Coal power eliminated by 2035 and nuclear power by 2050 ¾ By 2050, PV dominates with 80 GW (44% of electricity generation) and wind power plants with 32 GW (38%) ¾ GT plants to utilize synthetic natural gas produced via methanation units added in 2035 ¾ No major risk of stranded investments in gas turbines or gas infrastructure ¾ New wind installations peak in 2035 – PV single-axis tracking dominates until 2050 Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 10 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results Storage Mix Additional storage capacity required from 2015 to 2050 Ratio of storage output to electricity demand from 2015 to 2050 ¾ Higher capacity of gas storage required after 2035 ¾ Energy storage becomes cost competitive by 2035 – and is a cheaper option to balance the power system compared to fossil powered thermal plants ¾ By 2050, batteries provide a total output of about 38 TWhel ¾ Accounts for about 17 % of the total electricity demand ¾ Between 2030 and 2050, battery full charge cycles required are between 250 and 300 cycles a year ¾ Some of this could be provided by EV batteries without additional cost Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 11 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results Summary of key capacities required for the integrated energy transition 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 PV single-axis tracking GWp 0 0 0 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 PV optimally tilted GWp 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.7 3.8 3.8 28.5 PV Prosumers GWp 0 0 0 1.8 9.4 15.3 29.8 36.5 Wind power plants GWe 0.5 0.5 17.1 23.1 26.6 27.4 28.5 32.3 Geothermal GWe 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Battery storage GWhe 0 0 0 12.8 32.1 44.1 84.4 139.3 PHS storage GWhe 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 A-CAES storage GWhe 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 PtG electrolyser input GWe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 7.8 Grid gas storage GWhgas 90 901 1012 1012 1568 1710 2791 18840 ¾ Solar PV + Battery dominates the power sector after 2040 ¾ Installation of wind power plants stabilizes from 2035 onwards ¾ Batteries provide the least cost short-term storage for the Ukraine power system ¾ Grid gas storage provides a significant source of seasonal storage after 2045 Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 12 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results Hourly results for January 9-15 Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 13 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results Hourly results for June 23-29 Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 14 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results Carbon dioxide emissions Key insights: ¾ Carbon emissions fall significantly after phase out of coal-based power generation ¾ Further reductions occur with replacement of imported natural gas with domestically produced methane ¾ Goals related to increased industrial output, higher population and higher GDP can be achieved in a low carbon world through use of renewable energy and increased efficiency Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 15 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Results LCOE of the resulting optimal power mix Detailed contribution of components to the total LCOE from 2015 to 2050 Relative contribution of financial components to the total LCOE from 2015 to 2050 ¾ Energy transition Ź decrease system LCOE to 60 €/MWh by 2040 and 54 €/MWh by 2050 ¾ Batteries and PV single-axis largest contributor to LCOE by 2050 ¾ PV single-axis + Battery storage more cost competitive than wind power plants, but wind is an excellent resource during the winter half year ¾ CO2 costs disappear by 2035 ¾ Transition to a 100% RE power system Ź Capex contributes up to 80% towards the LCOE Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine 16 Michael ChildŹ [email protected] Cost comparison of ’cleantech’ solutions Preliminary NCE results clearly indicate 100% RE systems cost about 55-70 €/MWh for 2030 cost assumptions on comparable basis source: Breyer Ch., et al., 2016. On the Role of Solar Photovoltaics in Global Energy Transition Scenarios, 32nd EU PVSEC, Munich, June 20-24 Key insights: ¾ PV-Wind-Gas is the least cost option ¾ Nuclear and coal-CCS is too expensive ¾ Nuclear and coal-CCS are high risk technologies ¾ 100% RE systems are highly cost competitive Transition towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 for Ukraine Source: Agora Energiewende, 2014. Comparing the Cost of Low-Carbon Technologies: 17 SEF 2016, Kiev, Ukraine What is the Cheapest option; Grubler A., 2010. The costs of the French Michael ChildŹ [email protected] nuclear scale-up: A case of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The International Energy Agency Undermines Global Climate Protection and Energy Security in Its Latest World Energy Outlook
    The International Energy Agency undermines global climate protection and energy security in its latest World Energy Outlook Berlin, November 2016 The International Energy Agency’s call for new investments in fossil fuels, in particular oil and gas, in its latest World Energy Outlook (WEO) undermines the agency’s seemingly positive messages related to climate protection and the development of renewable energy, an analysis by the Energy Watch Group shows. The World Energy Outlook 2016, which was presented today in Berlin, calls for increased investment in oil and gas due to oil discoveries at lowest level in more than 60 years and low oil prices. The International Energy Agency (IEA) thereby disregards that the current low investment is in fact caused by the lack of new discoveries and the depletion of existing reserves. Moreover, higher oil prices will not be able to compensate for the lack of funding as cost reductions in the renewable energy sector increasingly challenge the competitiveness of oil and gas. „Even if oil prices were to rise again, future oil production will not stay at today’s level, simply because of the limited availability. By calling for increased investments in oil, the IEA undermines climate protection efforts and threatens the global energy security. Only a rapid development of renewable energies can close the emerging energy supply gap. Oil investments are not able to do so”, says President of the Energy Watch Group and former member of the German Parliament Hans-Josef Fell. “Even in its most optimistic scenario, the IEA projects the future level of development of renewable energies to be far below today´s rates.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 March 18, 2021 To
    March 18, 2021 To: Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen Secretary of State Anthony Blinken Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm Incoming President and Chairperson of the U.S. Export-Import Bank Acting CEO of the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation Dev Jagadesan Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Jake Sullivan Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy Robin Colwell [heads of other agencies and partner institutions, as appropriate] We are encouraged by the Biden Administration’s initial steps to implement a ‘whole-of-government’ approach to the climate crisis, as set out in the January 27 “Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad.” We are writing now to provide our recommendations on a critical piece of the international agenda described in the Executive Order — ending public support for fossil fuels around the world by “promoting the flow of capital toward climate-aligned investments and away from high-carbon investments.” We urge the Biden Administration to act swiftly to end new financing for all parts of the fossil fuel supply chain (including for gas), stop new U.S. fossil fuel support within 90 days across all government institutions, and work with other nations to end fossil fuel financing.1 As you know, averting the worst impacts of the climate crisis requires a rapid transition away from fossil fuels. There is simply no room left for new investments in long-lived carbon intensive infrastructure. Still, public agencies continue to provide tens of billions of dollars to finance and support such investments each year. This has to stop.
    [Show full text]
  • International Energy Agency Still Gets Its World Energy Outlook Wrong
    Energy Watch Group c/o DWR eco GmbH Albrechtstr. 22 10117 Berlin +49 (30) 609898810 [email protected] www.energywatchgroup.org International Energy Agency still gets its World Energy Outlook wrong The International Energy Agency (IEA) has been heavily underestimating the potential growth of renewable energy sources and overestimating the utilization possibilities of fossil and nuclear energy. The Energy Watch Group (EWG) and Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), have documented and analyzed the long history of IEA’s misleading and false projections on the renewable energy development. On November 14, the IEA presented its flagship report, the “World Energy Outlook 2017” (WEO). In a new analysis of the World Energy Outlook 2017 by the EWG, LUT together with Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas Germany have looked closely into the misleading projections of the IEA on solar energy and oil production. Solar Energy: Although the IEA revised its extremely pessimistic forecast on renewable energy, following a wave of international critique, is it consistently ignoring their exponential growth over the last years. Especially growth rates of solar PV are underestimated. The IEA estimated annual installations of PV from 2018 till 2030 constantly below 80 GW, even tough the past years have displayed consistent growth, showing that by 2017 annual installations of 100 GW are expected. Crude Oil: Regarding oil production, the IEA still propagates the projection that by 2040 oil consumption can surpass the peak value of 2015, which accounted 92,7 Mboe/d, by more than 100 Mboe/d. Taking a closer look at the results and facts in the WEO 2017 “new policy scenario”, one might be surprised that the euphoria, which the IEA has spread regarding the availability of crude oil, cannot not be found and verified in their own detailed analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Peak Oil Task Force Final Report
    0 Solutions to Peak Oil Vulnerabilities: A Response Plan for Lawrence, Kansas The Lawrence Mayor’s Peak Oil Task Force September 29, 2011 1 Table of Contents Situation Analysis . 2 Overview of Recommendations and Implementation Strategies . 6 Transportation: Vulnerabilities and Top Solutions . 11 Food: Vulnerabilities and Top Solutions . 15 Energy Delivery: Vulnerabilities and Top Solutions . .. 20 Water, Wastewater, and Solid Waste: Vulnerabilities and Top Solutions . 25 Communications Plan: Vulnerabilities and Top Solutions . 29 Appendix A: Local Emergency Operations Plans . 31 Appendix B: Transportation Recommendations . 33 Appendix C: Food Recommendations . 42 Appendix D: Energy Delivery Recommendations . 45 Appendix E: Water, Wastewater, and Solid Waste Recommendations. 49 Appendix F: Communications Recommendations . 52 2 SITUATION ANALYSIS Peak oil does not mean the end of oil, but the end of cheap oil. Peak oil will have a costly inflationary effect on all aspects of our industrial society, including portable liquid fuels, agriculture (including planting, fertilizing, and harvesting), oil-dependent delivery of other energy sources, asphalt pavement, plastics, hydraulics and lubrication, and building materials. In 2006, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) defined “peak oil” as “the theory that the world’s oil production rate will reach a maximum and then decline.” In an accompanying report, the DOE quoted petroleum geologist Colin J. Campbell and petroleum engineer Jean H. Laherrere, who concluded that “[t]he world is not running out of oil--at least not yet. What our society does face, and soon, is the end of the abundant and cheap oil on which all industrial nations depend.”1 In 2007, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Allianz Energy Factsheets
    Allianz SE | Group ESG Office Allianz Climate Solutions GmbH Energy Factsheets 2015 Executive Summary The energy sector is an important driver and engine of the world economy. Due to the sector’s importance, Allianz Group is directly and indirectly involved with various aspects of the global energy system as an investor, insurer, business partner and global corporate citizen. Allianz is aware that the energy sector faces several significant risks, including environmental pollution issues, its significant contribution to climate change and its high dependency on finite fossil resources. While it remains in the foremost responsibility of energy sector companies and regulators to address these risks, Allianz acknowledges the responsibility it has as a financial services provider to work together with our clients and stakeholders to address and manage material Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks and opportunities that are associated with today’s energy sector. The Allianz Energy Factsheets provide a factual overview of the key trends and associated ESG issues along the value chain of eight key energy sources (coal, natural gas, oil and oil products, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind, solar and bioenergy). This documentation is part of the overall Allianz Energy Framework and was used as the basis to inform and design Allianz’ actions in the energy sector. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the overall energy sector, explaining the different energy uses and displaying energy flows with figures for total energy production and consumption
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Borders How to Strengthen the External Impact of Domestic Climate Action
    BEYOND BORDERS HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE EXTERNAL IMPACT OF DOMESTIC CLIMATE ACTION September 2020 Climate Analytics Ritterstraße 3 10969 Berlin www.climateanalytics.org BEYOND BORDERS HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE EXTERNAL IMPACT OF DOMESTIC CLIMATE ACTION Authors: Andrzej Ancygier, Climate Analytics Critical review: Damon Jones, Climate Analytics The contents of this report are based on research conducted in the framework of the project “Implikationen des Pariser Klimaschutzabkommens auf nationale Klimaschutzanstrengungen”, conducted on behalf of the German Federal Environment Agency, FKZ 3717 41 102 0 The views expressed in this paper are strictly those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the German Federal Environment Agency, nor of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Cover photo: Cozine / Shutterstock.com. Ripple wave surface. Copying or distribution with credit to the source. Beyond borders: How to strengthen the external impact of domestic climate action Table of content The spillover effect of domestic action. .............................................................................. 2 Mechanism 1: Policy diffusion ........................................................................................... 4 Driver 1. Making policy learning easier ...................................................................................... 5 Driver 2: Facilitating emulation by shifting international norms ................................................. 5 Driver 3:
    [Show full text]
  • Global-100-RE-Strategy-Group-Bios-210209.Pdf
    Prof. Andrew Blakers Andrew Blakers is Professor of Engineering at the Australian National University. He founded the solar PV research group at ANU in 1991. In the 1980s and 1990s he was responsible for the design and fabrication of silicon solar cells with world record efficiencies of 18%, 19%, 20% and 22%. He was co-inventor of Sliver solar cell technology, the subject of a $240 million comMercialisation effort by Transform Solar. He was co-inventor of the PERC silicon solar cell, which has ¾ of the global solar market and cumulative module sales of US$50 billion. PERC cell deployment is mitigating 0.6% of global Greenhouse gas eMissions through displaceMent of coal. Prof Blakers engages in detailed hour-by-hour analysis of energy systeMs with 50-100% penetration by wind and photovoltaics for which he was co-winner of the 2018 Eureka Prize for Environmental Research. Prof Blakers’ teaM developed a comprehensive global atlas of off-river pumped hydro energy storage sites. Further Reading: Home page: http://re100.eng.anu.edu.au/ A zero-carbon, reliable and affordable energy future in Australia", http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09586 Pathway to 100% Renewable Electricity: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8836526 100% renewable electricity in Australia: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544217309568 Geographic information systeM algorithms to locate prospective sites for pumped hydro energy storage’, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918305270 WA analysis: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544217300774 Christian Breyer, PhD (Tech), Professor for Solar Economy • Christian Breyer is Professor for Solar Economy at LUT University, Finland.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Coal-Fired Electricity Generation, 1990-2025
    LBNL-2334E ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY China’s Coal: Demand, Constraints, and Externalities Nathaniel Aden, David Fridley, Nina Zheng Environmental Energy Technologies Division July 2009 This work was supported by the Dow Chemical Company through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. China’s Coal Industry: Resources, Constraints, and Externalities
    [Show full text]
  • Companies in Transition Towards 100% Renewables: Focus on Heating and Cooling, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi
    COMPANIES IN TRANSITION TOWARDS 100% RENEWABLES: FOCUS ON HEATING AND COOLING About the Coalition The IRENA Coalition for Action brings together leading renewable energy players from around the world with the common goal of advancing the uptake of renewable energy. The Coalition facilitates global dialogues between public and private sectors to develop actions to increase the share of renewables in the global energy mix and accelerate the global energy transition. About this paper This white paper has been developed jointly by members of the Coalition’s Working Group on Towards 100% Renewable Energy. Building on several case studies and first-hand interviews with companies, the paper showcases the opportunities and challenges experienced by companies in the industrial sector that have a target for 100% renewable electricity supply, and a meaningful and/or ambitious target or activities to increase the share of renewable energy in their heating and cooling operations. Acknowledgements Contributing authors: Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes (European Renewable Energies Federation), David Renné (International Solar Energy Society), Charlotte Hornung (former Energy Watch Group), Namiz Musafer (Integrated Development Association), Duncan Gibb and Chetna Hareesh Kumar (REN21), Aleksandra Mirowicz (The Climate Group), Stephanie Weckend, Emma Åberg, Kelly Tai and Anindya Bhagirath under the supervision of Rabia Ferroukhi (IRENA). Further acknowledgements: Valuable feedback and review were provided by Constantinos Peonides (Alectris), Britta Schaffmeister
    [Show full text]
  • Scientists Say That We Face a Climate Emergency. We Need Decisive
    Scientists say that we face a climate emergency. We need decisive action in the next 10 years to put us on a transformative pathway in line with the targets of the Paris Agreement, including efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C. We must act immediately to get on track for a healthy, fair and liveable future. This will not only reduce devastating impacts of climate change but also bring major economic and social benefits, attract new investments, create new quality jobs and limit health damages. The European Parliament elections and subsequent changes in the leadership of the European Commission will shape the politics of the European Union for the next five years, a crucial period for climate action where emissions need to decline fast, targets need to be strengthened and ambitious action needs to be implemented. The new Parliament and the new Commission must address growing concerns about climate change and make climate action a top priority for Europe. Therefore, we call upon the new European Parliament, the new European Commission and all EU Member State governments to: 1. Commit to accelerate actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and reach net zero emissions as soon as possible. The world is not on track to keep temperature rise to 1.5°C. We support the call from United Nations Secretary General ​António Guterres​, upon all leaders to come to his special UN Climate Summit in September with additional commitments that will lead to halving global emissions by 2030 and achieving net zero by 2050. By the Summit, EU leaders ​should agree ​to reach climate neutrality in line with the EU’s fair share of the effort to achieve net zero global emissions by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Transition Within 1.5°C
    ENERGY TRANSITION WITHIN 1.5°C A Disruptive Approach to 100% Decarbonisation of the Global Energy System by 2050 WHITE PAPER | PUBLISHED 2Q 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS ..................................................................................................................................................................................6 4 TRANSITION IN THE ENERGY SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................................................................................7 5 RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................8 6 TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY ..................................................................................................................................................................................9 7 CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coal EWG-Paper No
    Coal EWG-Paper No. 1/07 COAL : R ESOURCES AND FUTURE PRODUCTION Final-Version 28032007 Background paper prepared by the Energy Watch Group March 2007 EWG-Series No 1/2007 updated version: 10th July 2007 Page 1 of 47 Coal EWG-Paper No. 1/07 About the Energy Watch Group This is the second of a series of papers by the Energy Watch Group which are addressed to investigate future energy supply and demand patterns. The Energy Watch Group consists of independent scientists and experts who investigate sustainable concepts for global energy supply. The group was initiated by the German Member of Parliament, Hans-Josef Fell. Members are: Dr. Harry Lehmann, World Council for Renewable Energy Stefan Peter, Institute for Sustainable Solutions and Innovations Jörg Schindler, Managing Director of Ludwig Bölkow Systemtechnik GmbH Dr. Werner Zittel, Ludwig Bölkow Systemtechnik GmbH Advisory group: Institute for Solar Energy Technics, Kassel, Germany (Prof. J. Schmid) Ecofys, Amsterdam, The Netherlands World Watch Institute, Washington, USA (Chr. Flavin) Eurosolar, Bonn World Council for Renewable Energy, Bonn, Germany (Dr. Hermann Scheer) Swiss Energy Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland (Berhard Piller) Centre for Energy Alternative, Seoul, Korea (Prof. Pil-Ryul Lee) Joint Research Center, Petten, The Netherlands (Dr. E. Peteves) University of Salzburg, Department of Political Science, Austria (Prof. V. Lauber) Responsibility for this report: Dr. Werner Zittel, Ludwig Bölkow Systemtechnik GmbH Jörg Schindler, Ludwig Bölkow Systemtechnik GmbH Ottobrunn, 28
    [Show full text]