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A Preliminary Checklist of Scale Insects University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 7-24-2015 A preliminary checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted in Korea on dracaena and ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) imported from southern Asia Soo-Jung Suh Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Busan, KOREA, [email protected] Ik-Hwa Hyun Plant Quarantine Technology Center Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Suh, Soo-Jung and Hyun, Ik-Hwa, "A preliminary checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted in Korea on dracaena and ficus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) imported from southern Asia" (2015). Insecta Mundi. 937. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/937 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0432 A preliminary checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted in Korea on dracaena and fi cus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) imported from southern Asia Soo-Jung Suh Plant Quarantine Technology Center 476 Dongtanjiseong-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon, South Korea 443-400 Ik-Hwa Hyun Plant Quarantine Technology Center 476 Dongtanjiseong-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon, South Korea 443-400 Date of Issue: July 24, 2015 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Soo-Jung Suh and Ik-Hwa Hyun A preliminary checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted in Korea on dracaena and fi cus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) im- ported from southern Asia Insecta Mundi 0432: 1–13 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA28ACAD-BAD9-435D-AE8B-557AE7B42020 Published in 2015 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Chief Editor: Paul E. Skelley, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: David Plotkin, e-mail: [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Eugenio H. Nearns Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. 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Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Eugenio H. Nearns 0432: 1–13 2015 A preliminary checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted in Korea on dracaena and fi cus plants (Asparagales: Asparagaceae, Rosales: Moraceae) imported from southern Asia Soo-Jung Suh Plant Quarantine Technology Center 476 Dongtanjiseong-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon, South Korea 443-400 [email protected]; [email protected] Ik-Hwa Hyun Plant Quarantine Technology Center 476 Dongtanjiseong-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon, South Korea 443-400 Abstract. The checklist revealed 40 species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted at Korean ports of entry on dracaena and fi cus plants from southern Asia from 1996 to 2014. Brief diagnostic criteria and related information of the intercepted species are given to assist in the identifi cation of specimens of scale insects inter- cepted from these plant hosts. Additionally, this preliminary checklist of scale insects could be utilized as a basis for preventive measures in quarantine. Key words. Invasive species, plant trade, quarantine. Introduction Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are sap-sucking insects and occur in every part of the world where plants grow. Therefore they are almost always found associated with plants and are commonly intercepted on imported plant materials. As a result, such species can easily be transported to new areas on the plants which they live via the plant trade. In Korea, the presence of exotic scale insects accom- panying plant material from other countries has increased signifi cantly in recent years. Ornamental plants comprise a large part of the plants which are imported; of the ornamental plants imported into Korea from 1996 to 2014, Dracaena (Asparagaceae) and Ficus (Moraceae) plants together constitute 37% (PIS 2015). Korea imports about 68% of the dracaena and 99% of the fi cus plants from southern Asian countries such as Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia which have subtropical and tropical cli- mates. According to the ScaleNet database (2015), 78 species and 244 species of scale insects have been reported on dracaena and fi cus in southern Asia respectively; of which 81% and 84% are not known to occur in Korea and may pose a threat to not only ornamentals but also to agricultural crops and forests if they escape detection and become established. To date, 23 species and 28 species of scale insects have been intercepted at Korean ports of entry on dracaena and fi cus plants, respectively (Tab.1-2). Of the species of scale insects reported from dracaena and fi cus plants in southern Asia, 29% and 11% were intercepted at Korean ports of entry (Tab. 3-4). The introduction and establishment of exotic species of scale insects could pose a potential threat to Korean agricultural ecosystems. This paper provides a preliminary checklist of 40 species of scale insects intercepted on dracaena and fi cus plants from southern Asia imported into Korea during 1996 to 2014. Materials and Methods Data for scale insects intercepted on dracaena and fi cus plants imported from southern Asia at Korean ports of entry from 1996 to 2014 were extracted from the Pest Information System (PIS) data- base of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) (PIS, 2015). In this work, China and Taiwan were 1 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0432, July 2015 SUH AND HYUN included in southern Asia contrary to the traditional concept since the ornamental plants that have been imported into Korea are usually produced in the areas of these countries belonging to the tropical climate zone. This checklist contains the identifi cation of specimens to the level of species depending upon the quality of the sample and the life stage that was intercepted and the current available taxo- nomic knowledge of the taxon (Williams and Watson 1988a, 1988b, 1990; Williams 2004; Miller and Davidson 2005; Ben-Dovet al. 2015). The slide-mounted specimens which were examined are deposited in the collection of the Plant Quarantine Technology Center. Terminology for morphological structures used in the diagnoses follows Williams and Watson (1988a, 1988b, 1990). The taxonomic nomenclature used here for scale insects follows that of the ScaleNet database (Ben-Dov et al. 2015). Results and Discussion Coccidae Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius) Diagnosis. Adult female wax test (or cover) white to pinkish white, round to oval or irregular in dorsal view, with an anteriorly
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