INDEX

Abyssinia 57, 72, 118; PI. 10 Borges, A. 14, 16, 21, 40, 74, 146, 165 Adigrat sandstones 72 "Botletle Schichen" (Kalahari) 27 African Geological Surveys (1931) 72 Boutakoff, N. 116, 120, 121, 122, 124, 152, Albert Nyanza: see 165, 166; PI. 8 (115) Albertville, Belgian Congo 86, 102, 121; Pis. Brazil 156; fig. 8 (149) 1, 7 (91), PI. 10 Brazzaville, French Equatorial Africa 65; Amazon Basin 157; flg. 8 (149) Pl. 1 ancient rivers: see Triassic Brien, V. 28, 166 Andrada Post, 36, 56; flgs. 3 (54), Brito Godins, Angola 142, 143; flg. 7 (138) 4 (55) Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia 28 Andrew, A. R. 137, 165 Bungongo, Belgian Congo 132, 133; Pl. 1 Andrews, C. W. 24, 165 Bushimaie diamond fields 9, 158, 159 Angola 1, 2, 10, 14, 21, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 83, Triassie rivers of 57-61, 144, 153; PI. 5 (60) 88, 40, 43, 50, 53, 56, 70, 139-146, 153 Bushimaie region, Belgian Congo 62, 65, 71, 161, 163; flgs. 3 (54), 7 (138); Pi. 1 158, 159 — coastal plain 29 — River, 45, 46, 58, 59, 69, 90, 159; PI. 2 — diamond fields 2, 53; see Kasai-Lunda Bushveld amygdaloid basalts (Transvaal) Antarctic continent 7, 155 74; PI. 9 Aptian 29, 30, 68 — intrusion 159 Arctic regions 118 Busindi Fault, Belgian Congo 109; PI. 7 (91) Argentina 157; fig. 8 (149) Buta, Belgian Congo 122, 133, 135; Pis. 1, 10 arid to semi-arid climate Buttgenbach, H. 82, 83, 166 poorly sorted deposits 5, 11, 29, 47, 48, 50, 54, 57-58, 71, 86, 151, 158, 163 Cabatuquila, Angola 142; flg. 7 (138) silicification 27, 32, 78 Cafefe fault line, Angola 143; fig. 7 (138) Arnot, F. S. 26 "Calcédoine d'Albertville" 36, 95 artifacts 11, 52, 58; flg. 2 (52) Cambier, René 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 101, 166; Chellean 14, 38 Pl. 6 (81) Mousterian 52 Cambrian, pre- : see pre-Cambrian , Belgian Congo 180, 132; Pis. Cameron, V. L. 16, 26, 166 1, 10 Camissombo, Angola 14; Pl. 1 Asselberghs, E. 83, 84, 46, 57, 64, 65, 66, 85, Canuet, M. G. 43, 166 86, 158, 165; PI. 6 (81) Cape Province 28, 29, 30, 31, 78, 74, 75, 90 Atlantic Ocean, Land in area now occupied Carboniferous glaciation 154-157; fig. 8 by, 4, 57, 156, 163: see slope (149): see Dwyka Australia 7, 154, 155, 157 Cardiocarpus 81, 124 Avakubi, Belgian Congo 43, 120 Case, E. C. 141, 166 Cassange region, Angola 28, 28, 31, 113, 139- Bailey, T. E. G. 137, 165 146, 158, 168 Ball, S. H. 1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 16, 25, 84, 44, 17, — Plain 21 ; flg. 7 (188) ; Pl. 1 61, 62, 65, 69, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, 181, 151, 152, 165; Pis. 7 (91), — Stage 189, 140 8 (115) Cassanguide, Angola 56; flg. 3 (54) Bamanga, Belgian Congo 136; PI. 8 (115) Cave Sandstone (South Africa), 73, 74; PI. » Bange Angola 148; flgs. 7 (138) Cavuco, Angola 20, 56; flg. 3 (54) Barnard, G. C. 148, 165 Cayeux, L. 42, 166 Barrell, Joseph 71, 165 chalcedonic silicification 10, 27, 28, 32, 83, Basal Boulder Beds on 148 86, 95: see grès polymorphes basement rocks (pre-Cambrian) 11, 19, 39-48, Chora 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 81, 146; flg. 7 45, 49, 50, 57, 63, 79, 115, 129, 182 (188) depth to, in Congo basin 68-69; PI. 1 Chara-Gastropod silicified limestone 22, 23, Basomela, Belgian Congo 182; PI. 1 31, 146 Bateman, A. M. 26, 42, 165 Chara-Limnaea quartzite of Komgha 28 Batoka basalts (Northern Rhodesia) 27, 28, Charlesville, Belgian Congo 47 ; Pl. 1 74; PI. 9 Chellean artifacts 14, 88 Baummann, 0. 130, 165 Chicapa (Tshikapa) canyon 15, 31, 40; Pis. 3 Beaufort Series or Epoch PI. 9 (16), 4 (17) disastrophism beginning in Lower and — River, Angola 14, 16, 19, 89, 40, 44, 45; extending to end 75-77, 79, 90-91, 93, Pl. 1 104, 110, 112, 122, 135, 147, 163 Chiumbe River, Angola 16, 51, 52, 53, 56; see Stanleyville; Upper Lukuga flg. 3 (54) ; Pl. 1 Bechuanaland 147 Choffat, Paul 21, 166 Beetz, P. F. W. 2, 10, 11, 18, 14, 82, 36, 39, Choubert, B. 42, 166 48, 50, 51, 52, 58, 54, 165; figs. 2 (52), Christiania, University of 8, 119 8 (54), 4 (55) Chutes de Wolff, Belgian Congo 35, 63; Pis. Bene-Tshimanga, Belgian Congo 58, 159; PL 1, 5 (60) 5 (60) Beni, Belgian Congo 126 — Destrain (Kapanga), Belgian Congo 34, Besaire, H. 72, 75, 165 85, 66; PI. 1 Biano (Manika), Plateau of, Belgian Congo — François-Joseph, Belgian Congo 46, 57, 23; Pis. 1, 6 (81) 64, 65, 66, 142, 153; flg. 7 (188); Pl. 1 Binga, Angola 153 — Guillaume, Belgian Congo 64; flg. 7 (138), Black Shales (Lower Lukuga) 106, 125 Pl. 1 fossils 100, 121, 124 — Hedda, Belgian Congo 65; flg. 7 (138); Fundi Sadi region 116, 118 Pl. 1 Kasongo region 98, 99, 107, 110, 111, 125 climate Lowa region 99, 118, 125 end pre-Cambrian 43, 162 Lukuga region 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, Upper Carboniferous 141 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 125, 126 Lower Lukuga (Dwyka) 43,100, 124,141, Walikale region 121, 125 152, 158, 162

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climate—continued Diener, Carl 3, 4, 168 Permian 141, 162 Dilende River, Belgian Congo 61 ; PI. 5 (60) Middle Lukuga (Ecca) 80-81, 85, 100-101, Dinotherium 24 106 Dixey, F. 71, 72, 74, 76, 79, 91, 137, 168 Triassic 113, 141, 163, 164 Djoka-Punda (Wissman Falls), Belgian Stanleyville (Middle and Upper Beau- Congo 47; Pl. 1 fort) 60, 163 Dondo, Angola 145; Pl. 1 Lubilash (Stormberg) 5, 11, 43, 47, 48, Dondo formation (Cretaceous) 145, 153 60, 70-73, 151, 158, 163 Douville, H. 76, 168 Cretaceous 29, 32-33, 162 Drakensberg basalts (South Africa) 70, 73, Tertiary 75; PI. 9 Oligocene 10, 27, 32, 48 "dry-river" deposits, 11, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54 Miocene 27-28, 162 Du Toit, A. L. 6, 7, 27, 28, 29, 30, 43, 60, 70, Late (Pliocene) 9, 14, 32, 162 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 96, 101, 124, 147, Pleistocene and Recent 9, 14 150, 154, 155, 156, 168, 174 coal 80-81, 95, 106 Dubois, M. 41, 42 Cole River, Angola 141 ; fig. 7 (138) , Angola PI. 2 Coleman, A. P. 6, 125, 157, 166 Duruma Sandstone 72 Colobodus 72, 136, 137 Dwyka glacial lake 8, 98-101, 114, 125, 127, Columbia University 1 157, 162 Combe, A. D. 24 Dwyka glaciation, 4-8, 43, 84-85, 126-127, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola ("Dia- 147-157, 162, 164; figs. 7 (138), 8 (149) mang") 1 confusion of, with Kundelungu glaciation, — Pesquisas Mineiras de Angola ("Pema") l 5, 7, 40, 41, 112-113, 151-152 Companhia de Petroleo de Angola l Dwyka Series (Carboniferous) PI. 9 Congo Basin, origin of flora of, in Congo region 96, 100, 121, 123, post-Triassic warping 18, 68, 91, 111 124 mid-Tertiary warping 4, 10, 18, 19, 68, 161 see Lower Lukuga; Black Shales "Congo Basin Beds" (Karroo) 8, 4, 5 Congo gorge 40, 41, 43 East Africa 71-72; PI. 10 "Congo Gulf' 4 East London, South Africa 28, 31 , name of upper portion 115 Ecca Series (Permian) 83, 91, 100, 102, 103, original drainage basin 24-25, 93, 161 105, 106, 107, 115, 148, 152, 153, 158, 162, slope between Stanleyville and Stanley 163; PI. 9 Pool 17 flora of, in Congo Basin 81, 84-85, 96, 104, Congo-Zambezi flat divide 15-16, 25-26, 161 107 elevation 19, 25-26 Edward Nyanza: see Lake Edward continental drift 7, 157 Egypt 28 Cordaites (Noeggerathiopsis) hislopi 96, 107, Elila River, Belgian Congo 116, 117; Pl. 1, 124 PI. 8 (115) Cornet, Jules 3, 5, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, Escarpment Grits (Southern Rhodesia) 71, 62, 63, 78, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 90, 106, 111, 76, 79, 91; PI. 9 113, 117, 118, 130, 166-167; fig. 5 (89) Estheria 69, 70, 134, 139, 140 Cottreau J. 76, 167 Estheria draperi 70 Cox, L. R. 137, 167 Cretaceous in Angola 29-30, 145, 153 — mangaliensis 70, 140 inland littoral deposits of 66, 143 Estheriella 69, 70, 181, 133, 137, 139, 140 mid-, volcanoes 29 — angolensis 70 Cuale, Angola 144; fig. 7 (138); PI. 1 — greyi 137 Cuale deposits 144-146 — lineata 140 Cuango (Kwango) River, Angola 21, 40, 146; — lualabensis 136, 137 — moutai 140 fig. 7 (138) ; PI. 1 "Etage de Cassange" 139 , Angola 144; PI. 1 "Etage de la Lukuga" 104 Cubango (Okavango), Angola 21 "Etage de Lunda" 139 Cuilo River, Angola 146; PI. 1 Eugnathidae 118 Cuvo River, Angola 153; fig. 8 (149) ; PI. 1 Eurydesma 154-155 Cyclodendron leslii 96, 100 —• mathieui 107 Cypris 10, 20, 21 Farnham, C. Mason 1, 11, 13, 15, 20, 31, 36, Cythere 21 39, 40, 44, 46, 48, 61, 168; fig. 8 (54); Cytheridae 21 Pis. 2, 3 (16), 4 (17) faulting: see infaulting; rift-faulting; up- lift; Pleistocene Darwinula 131, 13E Fayum, Egypt 28 — globosa var. strida 134, 136 fish 4, 20, 70, 105, 117, 118, 127, 131, 133, 134, David, T. W. E. 154, 167 136, 139, 163; fig. 7 (138) Davis, C. W. 42 Folding: see warping de Dorolodot, L. 47, 167 Forest Sandstone (Southern Rhodesia) 28, de Rauw, H. 16, 20, 35, 46, 47, 48, 167-168 37, 71, 74; PI. 9 Delhaye, F. 43, 83, 168 Forminière 1, 2, 35 Destrain Chutes, Belgian Congo 34, 35, 66; Fourmarier, P. 8, 24, 62, 69, 91, 94, 95, 96, PI. 1 97, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, Diamang 1 126, 130, 151, 152, 168-169; Pis. 7 (91), diamonds, in Bushimaie region (Congo) 1, 8 (115) 58, 158-160; Pi. 5 (60) François-Joseph Falls, Belgian Congo 46, 57, in Kasai-Lunda (Congo-Angola) 2, 9, 20, 64, 65, 66, 142, 153; fig. 7 (138); Pl. 1 39, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50-56, 158-160; figs. French Equatorial Africa 161; Pl. 1 2 (52), 3 (54) Frommurze, H. F. 7, 154, 155, 169 on upper Lualaba (Congo) 85 Fua, Belgian Congo 45; PI. 5 (60) Somabula region (Southern Rhodesia) Funda Biabo, Belgian Congo 83, 153; PI. 6 76-77 (81) source of, in Congo Basin deposits 43, 50, Fundi Sadi, Belgian Congo 116, 118; PI. 8 53, 159, 163-164 (115)

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Gangamopteris 107, 119, 121, 124, 148, 152, Irumu, Belgian Congo 125 154 Isangi, Belgian Congo 131, 132; Pis. 1, 8 — cyclopteroides 124 (115) gar or garpike 4, 118 Isidora 28 gastropods, fresh-water 10, 20, 23, 24, 27, Itimbiri River, Belgian Congo 132, 133; PI. 1 28, 33 Ituri River, Belgian Congo 43; Pis. 1, 10 Geological Survey of Uganda 24 German East Africa 78 Jackson, G. C. A. 26, 32, 37, 41, 170 glacial deposits, thickness of 5, 41, 162 Jamotte, André 36, 84, 94, 95, 96, 98, 100, — lake see Dwyka glacial lake 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 170; Pis. 6 (81), glacial striae 4, 25, 43, 84, 85, 95, 97, 98, 107, 7 (91) 119, 123, 124, 140, 150, 152-153; fig. 8 Jones, Neville 14, 170 (149) Jones, T. Rupert 21, 70, 140, 170 lack of, in unsorted dry-climate deposits 5, Jurassic 72-73, 76, 137 29, 47-48, 151 glaciation late Carboniferous (Dwyka) 4-8, 147-157, Kabambaie River, Belgian Congo 51, 52, 53; 158, 162, 164; fig. 8 (149) fig. 2 (52) late pre-Cambrian (Kundelungu-Pretoria- Kachimbi Creek, Belgian Congo 63 Griquatown) 5, 41, 42-43, 158, 162, 164 Kafionke, Belgian Congo 86, 87; PI. 6 (81) Pleistocene (Europe) 11, 14, 50, 51, 52, 53 Kafue River, Northern Rhodesia 79, 125, 148 pre-Cambrian, multiple 5, 43 Kaiser, E. 32, 170 Siluro-Devonian (Table Mtn.) 141 Kalahari sands 14, 26, 27, 28, 38, 145, 146 Glossopteris 96, 101, 103, 104, 107, 124, 148, "Kalema, monadnock of" 16, 17, 18 154 Kalenga, Belgian Congo 90; fig. 5 (89) — brovmiana 96 Kama Rapids 65, 66, 142; PI. 1 Kanshi Creek, Belgian Congo 58, 160; PI. 5 — indica 84, 101 (60) Gold Coast 157 Graves, James 28 Kapanga, Belgian Congo 34, 64, 66, 68; PI. 1 Gray, A. 41, 42, 169 Kaparata Falls, Belgian Congo 130; PI. 8 Greinerville 94, 96, 98, 100, 103, 106, 115, (115) 126; PI. 7 (91) Karonga, Nyasaland 137 "grès polymorphes" 21, 22, 34, 35, 36, 50, 78, Karroo System or Period 1; 106; Pis. 9, 10 81, 95 Kasai plateau (end-Tertiary Peneplain) inférieur" 34, 63 Congo 13 supérieur" 33, 34, 63 , Congo-Angola 16, 84, 47, 65, 68 see silicifìcation Kasai-Lunda region (Congo-Angola) 9 "grès silicieux" 35 ancient (Triassio) river channels in 48-57, "Grès Tendre" (Lubilash) 127, 134, 139 158, 159; fig. 3 (54) Griqualand West 6, 150 basement rocks in 39-40, 159 Griquatown glaciation (South Africa) 43, diamonds in: see diamonds 162 features and surficial deposits of 9-19, 29- Guillaume Chutes, Belgian Congo 61; fig. 7 33, 35-38, 159; figs. 1 (12), 2 (52); Pis. (138); Pl. 1 2-4 Lubilash in 47-48, 61, 62, 153; fig. 1 (12) relief and character of pre-Lubilash sur- Hacquaert, A. L. 42, 169 face 44-46, 158; fig. 4 (55) Hammada el Haricha, French West Africa Kasongo, Belgian Congo 98, 99, 105, 107, 108, 157 111, 112, 115, 117, 125, 127, 131; Pis. 1, Harvard University 1 7 (91), 8 (115), 10 Haughton, S. H. 7, 70, 73, 75, 101, 137, 154, Kasuku, Belgian Congo 117; PI. 8 (115) 155, 169 Kataki Fault, Belgian Congo 92, 110; PI. 7 hematite 39 (91) Henry, J. 125, 130, 132, 169 Katako Kombe, Belgian Congo 61, 62, 111; Hedda Chutes, Belgian Congo 65; fig. 7 PI. 1 (138); Pl. 1 Katanga region, Belgian Congo 5, 22-23, 41- Holmes, Arthur 38, 42, 169 43, 85 Horneman, Christian 8, 119, 121, 124, 127, Katenga, Belgian Congo 100, 109, 110; PI. 7 129, 134, 151, 152, 153, 169; PI. 8 (115) (91) Hubert, Henry 157, 169 Katobo Creek, Belgian Congo 61; PI. 5 (60) Hussakof, L. 131, 169 Kenya 24, 25, 71 Kibiri Plateau, Belgian Congo 23; Pis. 1, 6 Ibembo, Belgian Congo 133; Pl. 1 (81) Ile Bertha, Belgian Congo 127, 130, 131, 132, "Kibogwe Sandstones" 95 133, 136; Pl. 8 (115) Kienda, Belgian Congo 69, 70 India, 7, 8, 28, 140, 141, 156, 157; fig. 8 (149) Kilindi, Belgian Congo 118, 119, 127, 137; infaulting 79, 147, 158, 162 PI. 8 (115) absent in Kasai-Lunda 158 Kilongui River, Belgian Congo 110; PI. 7 along the Zambezi 79, 148; Pl. 10 (91), 8 (115) East Africa 56, 71; Pl. 10 Kilubilui (Kilubi) River, Belgian Congo 34, Luano region 26, 79, 148, 150; Pl. 10 88; PI. 6 (81) Lukuga region 86, 92-93, 115, 121-122; Pis. Kimano, Belgian Congo 108, 109; PI. 7 (91) 1, 7 (91), 10 faults 110 Northern Rhodesia 26, 92, 121-122, 137, kimberlite 50, 53 162; Pl. 10 , Belgian Congo 105, 117, 118, 131, 135, Nyasaland 137; Pl. 10 136; PI. 8 (115) Stanleyville region 135; fig. 6 (128) Kingushi, Belgian Congo 34, 35, 63, 66, 68: Upemba Graben 80, 86, 88, 90-91; Pis. 1, 6 PI. 1 (81), 10 Kinimundu Hill, Belgian Congo 24 Walikale region 121-122; Pis. 1, 8 (115), 10 Kinshasa, Belgian Congo 33, 41 Inkisi formation 40, 41 Kisadi Rapids, Belgian Congo 65; fig. 7 Inzia River, Belgian Congo 66, 69; Pl. 1 (138) ; PI. 1 Iongo, Angola 139; fig. 7 (138) Kitala, Belgian Congo 86; PI. 6 (81)

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Kitari, Belgian Congo 65, 6», 70, 145; PI. 1 "Lualaba" Kivalu, Belgian Congo 66 type locality and usage 82-83, 105-106; Knopf, A. 170 PI. 9 Koert, TV. 22, 88, 42, 170 relation to Lubilash 78, 88-90, 110-118, 184; Komgha, South Africa 28, 81 PI. 8 (115) Kongolo, Belgian Congo 107, 108; Pis. 1, 7 Lualaba-Lubilash (Karroo) System or Pe- (91) riod 1, 78, 105-106, 118; PI. 9 Kostka, Romain 62, 69, 170 Luama, Grand Plain of, Belgian Congo 102, Kundelungu Plateau, Belgian Congo 28, 41; 110; PI. 7 (91) PI. 1 — (Lubumba) River, Belgian Congo 92, 102, Oligocene deposits on 23, 24, 28, 81-32, 85 108, 109, 110, 118, 126; Pis. 1, 7 (91), Kundelungu Series or epoch (pre-Cambrian) 8 (115), 10 15, 17, 23, 89, 57, 65, 69, 87, 129, 130, 131, Luana River, Angola 86, 40; fig. 8 (54) 140, 142, 143, 146, 159; figs. 4 (55), 5 Luangwa River, Northern Rhodesia 26, 75, (89), 6 (128) 76, 78, 91; Pis. 1, 10 age 40-48 Luano region. Northern Rhodesia 26, 79, confusion of, with Karroo 5, 7, 21, 86, 40- 148, 150; fig. 8 (149); PI. 10 41, 45, 84-85, 112-113, 151-152 Lubi River, Belgian Congo 88, 45, 57, 59, 61; glaciation 5, 7, 41, 42-43, 158, 162, 164 Pis. 1, 5 (60) type locality 41 Lubilash (upper ) River, Belgian Kwango (Cuango) River, Belgian Congo 84, Congo 115; Pis. 1, 2, 5 (60) 46, 57, 63, 64, 66, 68, 142, 153; PI. 1 Lubilash Series or Epoch (Triassic) 11, 44- Kwenge River, Belgian Congo 66; PI. 1 79, 88-90, 106, 110-118, 124, 184-135; figs. , Belgian Congo 65; PI. 1 1 (12), 8 (54), 4 (55), 5 (89); Pis. 1, 5 (60), 7 (91), 8 (115), 10 Lafufwa River, Belgian Congo 82; PI. 6 age 78; PI. 9 (81) climate 5, 11, 43, 47-48, 60, 70-78, 151, 158, Lake Albert 8, 4, 10; Pis. 1, 10 168 — Edward 4, 10, 115; Pis. 1, 10 confusion with Kundelungu 15, 21, 86, 40, — Kivu 4, 10, 116, 120, 121, 122; Pis. 1, 10 45, 84-85 — Moero 23; Pis. 1, 10 former extension 4, 87, 68, 91, 115, 122 — Tanganyika 8, 4, 10, 24, 86, 87, 92, 94, fossils 66, 69-70, 145 112, 116, 121, 161; Pis. 1, 7 (91) 10 river channels at base 9, 44, 48-61, 76-77, — Victoria 8, 24, 27, 80, 98, 94; Pis. 1, 10 79, 85, 114, 153, 158, 159, 168-164; figs. Lamplugh, G. W. 27, 170 8 (54), 4 (55) ; PI. 5 (60) landslips 94, 96, 97, 126 source of sediments 4, 56-57, 67-68, 72, 76, Lebefu River, Belgian Congo 118; PI. 1 114, 163 Leopoldville, Belgian Congo 41; PI. 1 subdivisions 67, 78 Lepidotus 117, 118, 129, 181, 183, 186 thickness 66, 67, 78, 76 — congolensis 181, 184, 186 type locality 68; PI. 9 Leriche, M. 20, 28, 24, TO, 78, 117, 118, 181, Lubileye River, Belgian Congo 102; PI. 7 184, 186, 187, 189, 140, 170-171; PI. 8 (91) (115) Lubudi River, Belgian Congo 22, 86, 88; Pis. Lilu River, Belgian Congo 184; PI. 8 (115) 1, 6 (81) "Lime Fine" 134 Lubutu, Belgian Congo 120; PI. 8 (115) limestones, fresh-water 10, 20, 22, 28, 27, 81, Luebo, Belgian Congo 44, 47; PI. 1 83, 87, 53 Luembe (Lubembe) River, Angola-Congo 51, Limnaea 21, 23, 28, 88 52, 58, 88; fig. 8 (54); PI. 1 — africana 23 Luena, Belgian Congo 80-82, 88, 85, 86, 87, Lindi River, Belgian Congo 120; Pis. 1, 8 88, 101, 108, 106, 124, 153; Pis. 1, 6 (81) Lusina River, Belgian Congo 88; PI. 6 (81) (us) Lufubu River, Belgian Congo 108, 110; Pis. Liranga, Belgian Congo 69; PI. 1 7 (91), 8 (115) Lisala, Belgian Congo 18, 87, 182, 188; PI. 1 Lufupa River, Belgian Congo 84, 85, 158; Litoko, Belgian Congo 134; PI. 8 (115) PI. 6 (81) Livingstone, David 15, 19, 21, 144, 171 Lugh Series (Italian Somaliland) 72 Loba River, Belgian Congo 120, 128; PI. 8 Lui River, Angola 21, 140, 148, 146, 152; fig. (115) 7 (188); PI. 1 Lodja, Belgian Congo 62; PI. 1 Luika River, Belgian Congo 107; Pis. 7 (91), Lola Creek, Belgian Congo 184 8 (115) Lokandu, Belgian Congo 117; PI. 8 (115) Luiko River, Belgian Congo 19»; PI. 7 (91) , Belgian Congo 10, 61, 6», 88, Luilu River, Belgian Congo 45, »7, 60; Pis. 1, 90, 110, 111, 112, 118, 127, 130, 181, 188, 5 (60) 134, 18«; fig. 5 (88); Pis. 1, 7 (91), 8 Lukanga Swamp, Northern Rhodesia 27; (115) PI. 1 Lombard, J. 65, 72, 171 Lukelenge, Belgian Congo 58, 59, 159; PI. 5 Lomuele, Belgian Congo 58; PI. 5 (60) (60) Londo Creek, Belgian Congo 184; PI. 8 (115) , Belgian Congo 17, 61, 62; Longatshimo (Luachimo River), Belgian PI. 1 Congo 14, 19, 89, 44, 61; PI. 1 Lukudi River, Belgian Congo 46; PI. 5 (60) Lovoi River, Belgian Congo 84, 86-88, 90, Lukuga Gorge, origin of 92-94 101, 108; Pis. 1, 6 (81) — River, Belgian Congo 92; PI. 7 (91) Lowa, Belgian Congo 118; PI. 8 (115) Lukuga Series or Epoch (Carboniferous- — River, Belgian Congo 117, 119, 120, 121, Permian) 78-79, 90-91, 115, 185, 162-168; 125, 127, 147; Pis. 1, 8 (115) PU. 1, 6 (81), 7 (91), 8 (115), 9 Luabo River, Belgian Congo 86, 158; Pis. 1, climate 80, 86, 100, 124, 152 6 (81) fossils 81, 84, 96, 100, 101, 108, 104, 107, Luachimo (Longatshimo) River, Angola 14, 121, 123, 124 16, 19; PI. 1 Lower (Dwyka) 85, 91-101, 106, 107-108, Luaco, Angola 56; fig. 3 (54) 111, 116-117, 118-127, 131, 140-141, 152- Lualaba (upper Congo) River, Belgian Congo 154, 158, 162, 163; fig. 7 (188); PI. 9: 115; Pis. 1, 10 see Black Shales

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Lukuga Series or Epoch—continued Newton, R. B. 24, 28, 172 Middle (Ecca) 80-88, 91-101, 102-104, 106, Niemba fault, Belgian Congo 93, 94; PI. 7 107, 109, 111, 117, 118-119, 126, 152, 158, (91) 162, 168; PI. 9 Niembo, Belgian Congo 109; PI. 7 (91) relation to Lubilash Series 88-90, 110-113, Nkana, Nyasaiand 137 115, 124; Pis. 8 (115), 9 Noeggerathiopsis 84, 96, 107, 124 relation to Stanleyville Series 117, 129, Northern Rhodesia 14, 26, 81, 37, 41, 74, 78, 185, 140, 148; Pis. 8 (115), 9 121, 125, 148 thickness 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 98, 111, 115, 162 Nummulospermum 96, 124 type locality 91-92, 104-106; PI. 9 Nyasaiand 78, 187, 147 Upper (Lower Beaufort) 101, 106, 109, Nzilo Beds 88 111, 158, 162, 163; PI. 9 western limit 113, 158, 162 Obenge, Belgian Congo 184; PI. 8 (115) Lukula River, Belgian Congo 45, 59; PI. 5 O'Donnell, H. 21, 40, 74, 139, 146, 172 (60) oil-shales 127, 163; fig. 6 (128) Lukungui Creek, Belgian Congo 88; PI. 6 Oku (Uku) River, Belgian Congo 118, 119; (81) PI. 8 (115) Lulindi Creek, Belgian Congo 117; Pis. 7 Oligocene 10, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 86, 87, (91), 8 (115) 43, 51, 53, 95: see siliciflcation Lulua River, Belgian Congo 17, 22, 89, 44, Oolitic, Lower 72 48-50, 61, 112; PI. 1 Orange Free State 73, 74, 90 Luluabourg, Belgian Congo 61, 62; PI. 1 Osborn, H. F. 14, 88 Lumboma, Angola 56; fig. 8 (54) Oso River, Belgian Congo 120; Pis. 1, 8 (115) Lunda District, Angola 9 ; fig. 8 (54) : see Oswald, Felix 24, 172 Kasai-Lunda Oviatoku Creek, Belgian Congo 129, 186; PI. Lusambo, Belgian Congo 85, 61, 62; PI. 1 8 (115) Lusina River, Belgian Congo 88; PI. 6 (81) Lusuna, Belgian Congo 110, 111; Pis. 7 (91), 8 (115) Palaeomutela oblonga 187 Luweisha River, Belgian Congo 82; Pi. 6 (81) Palala River, Transvaal 147 Palapye, Bechuanaland 147 Macgregor, A. M. 75, 77, 171 Paludistrina 28 Madagascar 72, 75, 76 Parmentier, A. 9, 13, 82, 85, 38, 47, 48, 62, magnetite 44 63, 65, 71, 178; fig. 1 (12) Matamba Shamola, Belgian Congo 116; PI. 8 Passarge, S. 27, 172 (115) Passau, G, 18, 84, 62, 66, 69, 70, 108, 116, Maludi, Angola 56; fig. 8 (54) 117, 118, 119, 120, 125, 126, 127, 129, 180, Mangall, India 140 131, 182, 183, 184, 136, 151, 172-173; Manika (Biano), Plateau of 28; Pis. 1, 6 fig. 6 (128); PI. 8 (115) (81) Passe de Swinburn 84, 85, 66, 68; PI. 1 Matadi, Belgian Congo 40; PI. 1 Peltoplurus 187 Matbieu, F.-F. 69, 87, 88, 104, 107, 180, 182, — maeseni 118, 186 183, 171; PI. 6 (81) Pema 1 Maufe, H. B. 14, 147, 171 Pence, Belgian Congo 43 Mauretania, French West Africa 156 Peneplains Maurice, R. P. 107 end-Tertiary 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 21, 22, 27, Mazeras sandstones 72 30, 82, 85, 87, 88, 162; fig. 1 (12); PI. 2 Melania 27, 28 Great African 24, 81 Mennell, F. P. 71, 79, 150, 172; PI. 10 mid-Cretaceous 29, 30, 83, 144, 161, 162 Mercenier, M. 172 mid-Tertiary (Miocene) 4, 10, 11, 12, 15-19, Metacypris 187 80-81, 82, 88, 84, 85, 87, 88, 45, 67, 81, — passaui 134, 136 85, 88, 91, 92, 98, 112, 115, 122, 161; Milange fault, Belgian Congo 92, 93, 94, 97; fig. 4 (55) ; Pis. 2, 8 (16), 4 (17) PI. 7 (91) Permian 101, 140, 162; PI. 9 Miocene 24, 30: see Peneplains; uplift diastrophism of end-, and early Triassic Misisi (Micici), Belgian Congo 116; PI. 8 75-77, 79, 90-91, 93, 104, 110, 112, 122, (115) 135-147, 163 Mission Saint Gabriel, Belgian Congo 180, Permo-Carboniferous 107, 112, 119, 120, 151, 181, 186 155 Mochico (Moxico), Angola 146 Pholidophorus 117, 118, 137 Molteno beds (South Africa) 70, 72, 73, 75 — corneti 186 Molyneux, A. J. C. 26, 71, 75, 147, 148, 150, Phyllopheca 124 172 Phylloteca 81, 84 Mont Bunza, Belgian Congo 10, 19-21, 28, 28, — zeilleri 96 81, 82, 50, 95; PI. 1 Physa 10, 20, 21, 27 Motaba River, Belgian Congo 69; PI. 1 Physopsys 21, 28 Motokoi (Mutucou), Belgian Congo 61; PI. 5 (60) Piana Malamba, Belgian Congo 107, 116; Mousterian artifacts 52; fig. 2 (52) Pis. 7 (91), 8 (115) Mouta, F. 14, 16, 21, 40, 70, 74, 189, 142, 143, Plain of Cassange, Angola 21, 23, 189, 146, 144, 145, 146, 147, 158, 165, 175 158, 163; fig. 7 (188); PI. 1 Mpioka formation 40, 41 Planorbis 10, 20, 21, 28, 27, 28 Muhala fault, Belgian Congo 92; PI. 7 (91) Plateau Gravels (Pliocene-Pleistocene) 9-10, Muí River, Belgian Congo 60, 61; PI. 5 (60) 11, 13-15, 88, 50, 51; fig. 1 (12) Murray-Hughes, R. 27, 81, 40, 44, 172 plateau gravels (Oligocene) 10, 19, 20, 28, Muschelkalk 137 26, 82, 87, 53 Mushyashya River, Belgian Congo 84; PI. 6 Plateau of Biano (Manika), Belgian Congo (81) 28; Pis. 1, 6 (81) Mwane, Belgian Congo 86, 87; PI. 6 (81) — Kundelungu, Belgian Congo 23-24, 28, 81, 41, 85; PI. 1 Namaqualand 7 Plateau Sands (Pliocene-Pleistocene) 9-10, Natal 73, 74, 90, 155 11, 18-15, 88, 50, 51; fig. 4 (55): see New South Wales 155 Kalahari sands

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plateau sands (Oligocene), generally silicifled Série des Mines 41, 42 10, 19, 20, 28, 82, 87; flg. 4 (55): see Seward, A. C. 72, 107, 174 grès polymorphes; silicification Shabionga, Belgian Congo 123 Pleistocene 9, 38 Shaler, M. K. 4, 5, 8, 12, 16, 25, 34, 44, 47, early, faulting 4, 10, 23, 24-25, 68, 91, 93, 61, 62, 65, 69, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 110, 112, 115, 122, 161 112; Pis. 7 (91), 8 (115) see Plateau Sands; Plateau Gravels; Shire River, Nyasaland 76, 78, 91 Peneplains silicification 31-32 Pleistocene and Recent late Cretaceous 33 faulting 22, 27, 122 late Oligocene (grès polymorphes su- river erosion 13, 50, 51, 52, 53; figs. 1 (12), périeur) 10, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 2 (52) 31-33, 36, 37, 50-51, 63, 81, 95; fig. 4 (55) Pliocene 37-38 pre-Lubilash Triassic (grès polymorphes in Angola 30 inférieur) 33-35, 36, 63; flg. 4 (55) see Kalahari sands; Peneplains slope () Pogge Chutes, Belgian Congo 142 during the Dwyka 99-100, 114, 156, 162 Polinard, E. 22, 27, 83, 43, 45, 57, 58, 59, 60, during the Ecca and Beaufort 100-101, 113- 61, 62, 65, 69, 71, 159, 160, 173; PI. 5 (60) 114 Pomona beds (South West Africa) 32 during the Lubilash (Stormberg) 56-57, Ponthierville, Belgian Congo 69, 105, 122, 67-68, 76-77, 114, 163; fig. 3 (54); PI. 5 127, 129, 134, 135; Pis. 1, 8 (115) (60) Portugese West Africa: see Angola during the Karroo 4, 57, 114, 157, 162 pre-Cambrian Pis. 1, 6 (81), 7 (91), 8 (115), of Miocene peneplain, Kasai-Lunda 16-19 10 slope, Congo River from Stanleyville to diamonds 159, 164 Stanley Pool 17 glaciation 5, 42-43, 162 Sluys, M. 43 see basement rocks; Kundelungu Société Internationale Forestière et Minière Pretoria glaciation (South Africa) 43, 162 du Congo ("Forminière") 1 Pungo Andongo, Angola 145, 153; Pl. 1 Sokari, Belgian Congo 123 Somabula beds (Southern Rhodesia) 76-77, Quela, Angola 70, 139, 142, 145, 146; fig. 7 79 (188); PI. 1 Somaliland 72 South Africa 8, 28, 30, 41, 43, 53, 60, 70, 72, Red Beds (South Africa) 70, 73, 76; PI. 9 73, 79, 81, 96, 99, 113, 124, 137, 156; Red Desert of Western Wyoming 70 flg. 8 (149) ; Pl. 9 "Red Sandstones" — America 7, 154, 155, 156, 157; flg. 8 (149) Northern Rhodesia 75 — Australia 155 Belgian Congo 92, 95, 98, 102, 103, 104, 106, — West Africa 32, 43, 154 109 Southern Rhodesia 14, 28, 38, 56, 71, 76, 77 "Red Shales" Sphenophyllum thonii var. minor 81 Lukuga 95, 96, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106 Stanley Falls, Belgian Congo 115; Pl. 1 Stanleyville 127, 134 — Pool 17, 19, 33, 34, 40, 41, 64, 66; Pl. 1 Reeds, C. A. 14, 38 Stanleyville, Belgian Congo Pis. 1, 8 (115) Renier, A. 84, 96, 124, 173 slope of Congo from, to Stanley Pool 17 Reumont, L. 9. 13, 32, 35, 38, 47, 48, 62, 63, Stanleyville Series or Epoch 79, 105, 106, 65, 71, 173; fig. 1 (12) 163; Pis. 1, 9 Rhaetic 72, 73, 137, 140 age 186-138; PI. 9 Bhaotopteris 155 Rhodesia 32, 88, 77 Cassange region, Angola 139-146; flg. 7 Richet, E. 86, 87, 101, 173; PI. 6 (81) (138); PI. 1 rift-faulting 122, 124 fossils 4, 117-118, 127, 128, 129, 181, 134, 136, 139, 140 early Triassic 90-91, 112, 115, 122, 135, 163 history 122, 135-136, 163 middle Triassic (Stanleyville), 4, 110, 122, lake-basin origin 127, 129, 180, 181, 133, 135, 143, 163; fig. 6 (128) 135, 141, 163; flg. 6 (128) end Tertiary and Pleistocene, 4, 10, 23, 24-25, 68, 91, 93, 110, 112, 115, 122, 161 relations to Lubilash Series 183, 184-135, Robert, M. 17, 18, 21, 22, 41, 43, 74, 88, 110, 141, 143, 146; Pis. 8 (115), 9 115, 140, 143, 144, 151, 152, 173-174; Pis. relations to Lukuga Series 117, 134-135, 6 (81), 7 (91) 140, 143; Pis. 8 (115), 9. roches moutonnées 123, 152 Stanleyville region, Congo 117-118, 127- Rogers, A. W. 28, 72, 147, 174 135; flg. 6 (128); Pis. 1, 8 (115) Romee, Belgian Congo 131, 133; PI. 8 (115) thickness 127-130, 139-140 Ruanda 25; PI. 1 type locality 127 Stefanini, G. 72, 174 Salakania, Belgian Congo 61; PI. 5 (60) Stormberg Series or Epoch (Triassic) 70-71, Samaropsis 124 74, 79, 104; PI. 9: see Lubilash Sanga River, Belgian Congo 69; PI. 1 striae, glacial: see glacial striae Sangula district, Belgian Congo 69 —, wind 60 , Belgian Congo 17, 18, 33, Strobilites 107 34, 35, 61, 62, 113, 115 studt, F. E. 79, 82, 83, 105, 148, 159, 174 Sao Paulo, Brazil 156 Sua Yanfu Rapids, Belgian Congo 65; fig. 7 Saurimo, Angola 15; Pl. 1 (138) Schellinck, F. 43, 174 Succinea 27 "schisto-calcaire" (Lower Kundulungu) 43, Sungus Plateau, Belgian Congo 84, 88, 118; 57, 143 Pis. 1, 6 (81) Bchizcmeura 96, 149 — region 88, 90 Schoep, A. 42, 175 Sussmilch, C. S. 154, 167 Schroeder, H. 75, 174 Schuchert, Charles 4, 32, 38, 48, 60, 73, 154, Tafelberg, Transvaal 147 174 Tambwa, Belgian Congo 102-104, 109; PI. 7 Schuiling, H. J. 41, 42 (91) Seminotidae 118 Tanga, Tanganyika 71; PI. 10

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Tanganyika, Lake 3, 4, 10, 24, 36, 37, 92, 94, van Aubel, R. 24, 83, 107, 108, 109, 126, 175; 112, US, 121, 161; Pis. 1, 7 (91), 10 Pis. 6 (81), 7 (91), 8 (115) Tanganyika Territory 24, 71; PI. 10 van den Brande, P. 84, 170; PI. 6 (81) Tasmania 155 Ventersdorp lavas, South Africa 159 Teale, E. 0. 65, 94, 174 Vertebraría 81, 96 Tertiary 29-30: see Oligocene; Peneplains; Victoria, Australia 155 Pliocene; rift-faulting — Falls, Rhodesia 27, 28 Thomas, H. D. 148, 154, 174 — Nyanza: see Lake Victoria Thompson, Lester S. 1, 19, 20, 31, 32, 37, 45 Viviparus 27, 28 Thoreau, J. 159, 174 Voltzia 107, 124 Timmerhans, A. 22, 23, 174 Vunoi River, Belgian Congo 90; fig. 5 (89) Transvaal 6, 8, 71, 74, 147 Triassic Series or Epoch 4, 158; PI. 9 climate 113, 141, 163 Waika (Walika), Belgian Congo 117, 134; early, diastrophism of end-Permian and, PI. 8 (115) 75-77, 79, 90-91, 93, 104, 110, 112, 122, Walcott, C. D. 43 185, 147, 163 Walikale region, Belgian Congo 116, 120- lake deposits (Stanleyville, Cassange) 127, 125, 152, 156; Pis. 1, 8 (115), 10 129, 135, 141, 163; PI. 1 Walkom, A. B. 78, 101, 154, 155, 175 plant and vertebrate evidence on beginning Walton, J. W. 149 Of, 73, 101, 140 Wamba (Uamba) River, Congo-Angola 34, rivers 9, 44, 48-61, 76-77, 79, 85, 114, 158, 64, 65, 66, 68, 142; fig. 7 (138); PI. 1 159, 163-164; figs. 3 (54), 4 (55); PI. 5 Wankie coal fields, Southern Rhodesia 148; (60) PI. 10 Tse Mondane, Belgian Congo 65; PI. 1 warping 4, 10, 11, 17, 18, 23, 24, 29, 30, 87, Tshikapa (Chicapa) canyon 15, 31, 39, 40; 51, 63, 68, 91, 93, 142 Pis. 3 (16), 4 (17) Washburne, C. W. 156, 175 — River, Angola 14, 16, 19, 39, 40, 44, 45; Wayland, E. J. 24, 27, 175 PI. 1 Wegener, Alfred 7 Tshikundula Creek, Belgian Congo 44, 61 Willis, Bailey 8, 4, 6, 8, 25, 31, 175 Tshimbane, Belgian Congo 66; PI. 1 Wind-faceting 11, 26, 47 Tubila, Belgian Congo 117, 118, 119; PI. 8 Windhoek Highlands, South West Africa 6, (US) 150 Wisconsin University 1 , Belgian Congo 18, 69; PI. 1 Wolff Falls, Belgian Congo 35, 63; Pis. 1, Ukanda 24, 25; Pis. 1, 10 5 (60) Ukuru (Lolu) River, Belgian Congo 119; Woodward, Henry 70 PI. 8 (115) Woodworth, J. B. 156 , Belgian Congo 116, 117; Pis. 1, 8 (115) Ullmannui 107 Xatuca River, Ancient, Angola 56; fig. 3 Ulrich, E. O. 69, 112, 175 (54) Upemba Graben, Belgian Congo 80, 86, 88, 90, 91, 124; Pis. 1, 6 (81) Yalembe, Belgian Congo 132; Pis. 1, 8 (115) uplift and erosion (Central Africa) Yalunge Creek, Belgian Congo 132; PI. 8 end Permian-early Triassic, 75-77, 79, 90, (115) 91, 104, 110, 112, 122, 135, 147, 163 Yambuya, Belgian Congo 130; PI. 8 (115) mid Cretaceous-early Miocene, 29, 80, 37, Yangambi, Belgian Congo 132; PI. 8 (115) 38, 68, 145-146, 161 Yanonge, Belgian Congo 131, 136; PI. 8 (115) late Miocene Pliocene 10, 19, 24-25, 80, 37, 38, 145, 146, 161 see "rift-fauiting"; "Peneplains"; Pleisto- Zambezi hydrographie basin, origin of, 10, cene; warping 161 Upotos Hill 18, 87, 69; PI. 1 Zambezi-Congo flat divide 15-16, 25-26, 161 Urundi 25; PI. 1 elevation 17, 25-26

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