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The Church Bells of Buckinghamshire

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The Church Bells of Buckinghamshire The Church Bells of Buckinghamshire BY A. H. Cocks File 05 : All of Part II, Local uses of bells Pages 269 to 292 This document is provided for you by The Whiting Society of Ringers visit www.whitingsociety.org.uk for the full range of publications and articles about bells and change ringing Purchased from ebay store retromedia &JXX%& XX, — — : Purchased from ebay store retromedia LOCAL USES. En ego Campana, nunquam denuntio vana, Laudo Deum verum, Plebem voco, congrego Clerum, Defunctos plango, vivos voco, fulmina frango* vox mea, vox vii7e, voco vos, ad sacra venite. Sanctos COLLAUDO, tonitrus fugo, funera CLAUDO, FUNERA PLANGO, FULGURA FRANGO, SABBATHA PANGO ; EXCITO LENTOS, dissipo ventos, paco CRUENTOS. Englished : Behold, my vfes are not fmall, That, GOD to prayfe, Affemblyes call That breake the Thunder, wayle the Dead, And cleanfe the Ayre of Tempefts bred ; With feare keepe off the Fiends of Hell, And all by vertue of my Knell. From A Helpe to Discourse, by W. B[asse] and E. P[hillips], i2mo, London, i627,f p. 61. The first two " Englished " lines were inscribed by Edward Hemins on a bell at Wotton Underwood. The Latin lines may be more literally " " Englished as follows : * In The Burnynge of Paides Church in London, 1561, and the ^th of June, by Lyghtnynge, &°c. (i2mo, London, 1561), there is mentioned, among other "Popish superstitions," " ringinge the hallowed Belle in great Tempestes or Lightninges." f This is the sixth edition of this curious little book, and the earliest existing at the British Museum. It went through numerous later editions, several of which may be seen there. — — Purchased from ebay store retromedia 272 THE CHURCH BELLS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Lo I the Bell, never announce unmeaning things, I praise the true God, call the people, assemble the clergy, The dead I lament aloud, call the living, break the thunder-bolts, My voice is the voice of life, I call you, come to sacred rites. I extol the saints, drive away thunders, close funerals, Funerals I lament aloud, break the lightnings, set the Sabbaths ; I rouse the sluggish, disperse the winds, pacify the bloodthirsty. Another version of the third line (and a decided improvement), is : Defunctos ploro, pestem fugo, festa DECORO. I lament the dead, put to flight pestilence, hallow festivals. The above rhyming hexameters give a tolerably complete summary of the ancient uses of Church Bells ; but some few pages must be devoted to tabulating their various uses in this county at the present time, in addition to their primary use of summoning to services. These uses are given in detail under the several parishes, in so far as I have information greater ; but, as those who before me have written the History of the Church Bells of a County, have found " It is a matter of regret to me that the information is imperfect, about one-third of the clergy having sent no reply to my list of queries, so that the details which are given must only be taken as a sample of the whole."* Some of the uses are of great antiquity, and have been handed down for centuries —from hundreds of years even anterior to the Reformation. Others, such as the marking of certain patriotic rejoicings, were in vogue at least by the beginning of Henry VIII. 's reign : a payment for ringing for his coronation, in 1 509, is quoted on p. 42 ; on p. 44 is quoted a payment for ringing, in 1525, in honour of a successful battle ; and on the same page a payment, in 1536, for ringing on the occasion of a royal wedding. Wedding peals, for non-royalties, were evidently known by Elizabeth's reign. Mr. Northf quotes a tariff for them from the church- wardens' accounts of Loughborough, under date 1588 ; and one from those of S. Martin's, Leicester, under date 1612-13. The following notes on the mediaeval hours of services and ringing, are given in The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments, by William Durandus (Bishop of Mende), with notes, etc., by the late Revs. J. M. Neale and Benj. Webb (Leeds, 1843, p. 91, etc.) :— * Bells of Kent, p. 121. f Bells of Leicestershire, p. 119. — : — : Purchased from ebay store retromedia LOCAL USES. 273 Bells are commonly rung for the Divine offices twelve times during the twelve hours of the day : etc. " At Prime, one ; at Tierce, three ; at Sexts, three ; at Nones, three ; at Vespers, one (not one only, but many times are they rung, because in the time of grace the preaching of the Apostles was multiplied. The ringing 'many times' being only thus [i.e., one] accounted) ; and at the last hour, one ; in whole, twelve." The hours were : Prime, 6 a.m. ; Tierce, ; Sexts, 12 Nones, p.m. 9 ; 3 ; Vespers, 6 ; and Compline, bedtime. They are recorded in rhyme as follows : At Matins bound : at Prime revil'd : condemn'd to Death at Tierce : Nail'd to the Cross at Sexts ; at Nones His Blessed Side they Pierce They take Him down at Vesper-tide : in grave at Compline lay Who thenceforth bids His Church to keep Her sevenfold Hours alway. It may be worth quoting here {op. cit, p. 93) the six kinds of bells used in the church : Squilla* ... ... rung in the Tricliniu.ru (i.e., Refectory). Cymbalum ... ... ,, Cloister Nola Choir. Nolula (or double Campana)t Clock. Campana Campanile. Signum Tower. In Saxon times, as we find in yElfric's catalogue of Church appliances, " there were distinguished, Clocca, belle ; Tintinnabulum, litel belle ; Campana, mycel belle."! Sunday Uses. In the Middle Ages the usual rule for services was, Matins at 8, Mass doubtful whether, as a rule, a bell was rung for at 9 ; but it is somewhat the latter. At some places the hours were 7 and 8.|| In post-reformation times, when the sermon grew to be considered so important a feature in a hollow ball of * Literally a sea-onion j probably a kind of hand-bell, formed out of a metal, furnished with a slit for the sound, and with a loose pellet inside. Westwood, in Archceologia f Nolecta, or Duplex, are the names quoted by Professor Cambrensis, III. (1848), p. 232. % ArchceologicalJournal, 1863, Vol. XX., p. 359. See Bells Kent, p. 122. II of 2 N — Purchased from ebay store retromedia 274 THE CHURCH BELLS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. service, the ringing of a bell was introduced to give notice when there was to be a sermon, and at the present time, when a sermon at the morning Sunday service is the almost invariable rule, it is not always easy, or even possible, to distinguish between the two uses. Then, again, the days of pluralism made it uncertain, in many places, whether there would be a service at all, and a bell to give notice of an intended service (to be held some hours after the ringing, and not following it immediately) makes a third cause for early ringing on Sundays. The mere fact of a particular ringing being called in any place "the Sermon bell," hardly proves that it may not be a survival of the earlier use ; while, on the other hand, the absence of such later name does not necessarily prove its ancient origin. All early Sunday ringings that I have notice of, are therefore included in the following list, and the more obvious " Sermon bells," rung immediately before, or in the middle of, or after, chiming or ringing for service, are placed in a later list : At 7 AND 8 A.M. Stoke Goldington. At 7 in Summer, 7.30 in Winter ; and at 8.30. Chalfont S. Giles. At 7.30 AND 8. Quainton. At 7 AND 9. Marsh Gibbon (the first now discontinued). At 7. Amersham, Aylesbury, Buckland, Burnham, Great Missenden, Newport Pagnell (called Sermon Bell), Wing, Woughton (said to be to give notice of Morning Service). At 7 in Summer, 8 in Winter. Aston Abbots, Chicheley (called Sermon Bell), Great Horwood, Long Crendon. At 8, 9, AND IO. Leckhampstead. At 8 AND 9. Loughton (the latter now discontinued), Padbury (ditto). At 8 and 10. Medmenham (the latter as Sermon Bell). AT 8. Beachampton, Broughton (formerly when there was only one Service, alternately Morning and Afternoon, the chiming was at 8 when Service was to be at 11, and at 12 when at 3), Chesham, Steeple Claydon, Drayton Parslow, Dunton, Edlesborough, Haversham, Iver, Lathbury, Ludgershall, Marsworth (on all other days, as well as Sundays, when there is to be a Morning Service), Newton Blossomville, Oakley, Olney, Shabbington, Shalston, Sherington, Stoke Mandeville, Stone, Taplow, Tingewick (to give notice of Morning Service), Turville, Willen, Worm- inghall, and Wraysbury. Also formerly at Hoggeston (until about 1877), Ivinghoe (until 1889), and Stewkley (has latterly given way to a Celebration at that hour). At 9 AND 10. Ellesborough. Purchased from ebay store retromedia LOCAL USES. 275 AT 9. Farnham Royal (called Sermon Bell), Great Linford, Marsh Gibbon, Milton Keynes, Newnton Longville, Preston Bissett, Radclive. Formerly at Hillesden (called Sermon Bell), and at Twyford. AT 10. Stowe (called Sermon Bell). At Ickford, Ravenstone, and Stoke Harnond, there is ringing " early," but the time is not specified. SERMON Bell. Besides the cases above mentioned, the Sermon Bell is rung at the following places, either immediately before the chiming or ringing for the service, or after a quarter of an hour's chiming or ringing, and followed by another touch on all the be,lls, or during the last five or ten minutes before the service. In this list I have included those places where ringing or chiming of a single bell seems possibly to have originally been intended as a Sermon Bell, although it is not so called at the present time : Amersham (not called Sermon Bell), Aylesbury (ditto), Beachampton, Broughton, Chalfont S.
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