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Archaeological Services & Consultancy Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd WATCHING BRIEF: 3 WOOD END LITTLE HORWOOD BUCKINGHAMSHIRE on behalf of Crowndale Developments Jonathan R Hunn BA PhD MIFA October 2003 ASC: LHW03/2 Letchworth House Chesney Wold, Bleak Hall, Milton Keynes MK6 1NE Tel: 01908 608989 Fax: 01908 605700 Email: [email protected] Website: www.archaeological-services.co.uk 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief Site Data ASC site code: LHW03 Project no: 495 County: Buckinghamshire District: Aylesbury Vale Village/Town: Little Horwood Parish: Little Horwood NGR: SP 793 307 Present land use: Disused house and commercial garage Planning proposal: Construction of two houses Planning application ref/date: 03/1279 Client: Crowndale Developments 4 Rivets Close Lavender Grange Aylesbury Buckinghamshire HP21 8JP Contact name: Mr Roy Crawford Telephone 07774 678145 Fax: 01296 429213 Internal Quality Check Primary Author: Jonathan R. Hunn Date: October 14th Edited/Checked By: Date: Revisions: Date: Edited/Checked By: Date: © Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd No part of this document is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information. However, Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. ASC Licence No. AL 100015154 © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 1 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief CONTENTS Summary .................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Aims and Methods ...............................................................................................................7 3. Archaeological and Historical Background ......................................................................... 8 4. Results. ............................................................................................................................... 10 5. Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 12 6. Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 13 7. Archive .............................................................................................................................. 13 8. References .......................................................................................................................... 14 Appendices: 1. Field Monitoring sheets......................................................................................................15 Figures: 1. General location ...................................................................................................................3 2. Detailed location map...........................................................................................................4 3. Details of proposed development .........................................................................................5 Plates: Cover: General location view of the site looking north 1. View north east across the site ...........................................................................................11 2. Detail of ground in test pit 1...............................................................................................11 3. Detail of ground in test pit 2...............................................................................................11 4. General view of site looking south.....................................................................................11 5. Detail of foundations on the west side of the site...............................................................11 6. Detail of north-south section on east side of the site..........................................................11 © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 2 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief site Figure 1: General location (scale 1:25,000) © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 3 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief site Figure 2: Detailed location plan (scale 1:2500) © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 4 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief ) not to scale Details of proposed development ( Figure 3: © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 5 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief Summary In the autumn of 2003 a series of test pits followed by observations on the foundations at 3 Wood End in Little Horwood were undertaken by ASC Ltd. The site had been truncated in the past and the ground partly filled in with modern building rubble. There was some slight indications at the northern end of the site that the ground had been artificially reduced to extract either sand or clay. On the eastern side of the site a terraced section revealed a possible man made feature in the form of either a ploughing headland or boundary. 1 Introduction 1.1 During September and October 2003 Archaeological Services and Consultancy Ltd (ASC) carried out a watching brief on a site at 3 Wood End, Little Horwood (NGR SP 793 307: Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Roy Crawford of Crowndale Developments, and was carried out according to a brief prepared by the County Archaeology Office (Radford 2003), and a written scheme of investigation prepared by ASC (LHW03/1). 1.2 Reason for Work The work was required in response to the proposed redevelopment of the site to build two detached dwellings and detached garages. 1.3 Setting 1.3.1 Location and Description The site is situated in Little Horwood, in the administrative district of Aylesbury Vale, Buckinghamshire (Fig. 1). The site is situated on the east side of the village, off Wood End and is centred at Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference SP 793 307 (Fig. 2). 1.3.2 Geology and Topography The soils of the site comprise the Hanslope Association; typically slowly permeable calcareous clayey soils over chalk till (Soil Survey 1983, 411d). The site is essentially flat and lies at an elevation of c.135m OD. 1.3.3 Buildings and Services The site is currently in a disused condition. It comprises a house and former commercial garage premises with a tarmacadam surface to the rear (Plate 1). Access to the site is from the east, from Wood End. There is currently no information relating to services across the site. © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 6 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief 2 Aims and Methods 2.1 Aims As described in the brief , the aims of the watching brief were: • To gather sufficient information to demonstrate the extent, character, date, state of preservation, and depth of burial of any archaeological remains (and palaeo-environmental deposits) within the area of study • Particular attention was paid to the potential for Iron Age, Roman and medieval deposits and an attempt was made to establish the relationship between features of these periods and the morphology of the settlement 2.2 Methods The work was carried out according to the following procedures: • The buildings were removed but their foundations left in situ. • Three test pits/trenches were dug at strategic locations. • The foundations on the eastern side of the site were observed and a terraced area on the western side of the site. 2.3 Standards The work conforms to the project design, to the relevant sections of the Institute of Archaeologists’ Code of Conduct (IFA 2000) and Standard & Guidance Notes (IFA 2001), and to the relevant sections of ASC’s own Operations Manual. © ASC Ltd 2003 Page 7 3 Wood End, Little Horwood, Buckinghamshire Watching Brief 3 Archaeological and Historical Background 3.1 Little Horwood is an area of considerable archaeological and historical importance (Page (ed) 1969, 376-9) and the Leverhulme Medieval Settlements and Landscapes Project has identified the Horwood parishes as an area of particular research interest. The site has the potential to reveal evidence of a variety of periods but the focus of interest is likely to lie in the late Iron Age/Roman to medieval periods. 3.2 The origin of village of Little Horwood is uncertain, but the area was occupied from the prehistoric periods and a number of prehistoric worked flints have been found in the area. The area was of considerable importance during the Iron Age and an enclosure of this period, known as Norbury Camp (Sites and Monument Record (SMR) 0030) is situated c.700m northeast of the site. A nationally important hoard of Iron Age coins was discovered during the 19th century in an adjacent field (SMR 0006; Markham 1973, 1-2). 3.3 The origin and nature of Roman period settlement in the Little Horwood area is not fully understood but there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that the area was of importance during this period. A major Roman road, linking Magiovinium (Dropshort) with Tingewick passed c.2km north of the site and a temple and Roman barrows (burial mounds) have been investigated at Thornborough, to the north west of the village (Johnson 1975). 3.4 North Buckinghamshire was extensively settled during the Roman period but to date large scale archaeological investigation has tended to concentrate in the river valleys, notably that of the Great Ouse, to the north of Little Horwood (eg Woodfield & Johnson 1989). In
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