An Interpretive Analysis of the Political Process Involved
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Na/i AN INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL PROCESS INVOLVED IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DALLAS COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT: 1964-74 DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION By William L. Randolph, B. S., M. A. Denton, Texas December, 1974 j . Randolph, William L., An Interpretative Analysis of the Political Process Involved in the Establishment and Devel- opment of the Dallas County Community College District: 1964-74. Doctor of Education (Higher Education Administration), December, 1974, 230 pp., 11 tables, bibliography, 248 titles. The purpose of this study is to present a historical account of the Dallas County Community College District and to analyze and interpret the role of the political process in the District's relations with governmental agencies and civic groups. On May 25, 1965, the voters approved a $41.5 million bond issue, established a county-wide junior college district, and appointed a seven-member Board of Trustees. Secondary accounts were consulted, but the emphasis was on such primary sources as official documents of the District, publications of the District, newspaper accounts, interviews, and relevant materials from the Office of Public Information. This study describes the environmental context from which the District emerged. Interested citizens, civic organizations, and the Dallas Independent School District conducted surveys of the educational, business, industrial, and professional needs in Dallas County. In view of the limited educational opportunities, the availability of funding resources, and the benefits comparable urban centers were receiving from newly established junior colleges, the civic leaders sought to enhance the Dallas image by joining the movement. By the mid-1960's, the Dallas Independent School Board sought to establish a junior college coterminous with the School District. However, some civic leaders and Dallas County public school officials offered an opposing view, calling for a county-wide system. Subsequently, a strategy was developed that eliminated the coterminous opposition and allowed the establishment of a county-wide district. The Dallas Chamber of Commerce was responsible for forming a steering committee assigned to establish the District. The committee successfully secured a mandate from the Dallas constituency. Within three months following the District's organization, the Board appointed Dr. Bill Priest as President of the District. Phase I began with Priest's appointment and was completed with the opening of Richland College in 1972. In 1972, after much effort, the District won narrow approval for an $85 million bond issue for the completion of Phase II. It had actually begun with the site acquisition of Brookhaven College in 1966, but it was scheduled for completion by the mid- 1980's, with the opening of the last three colleges to be built, the expansion of El Centro College, and the en- largement of the other campuses. In April, 1974, the two newly elected Board members agreed that the District was accomplishing its objectives. However, questions were raised in the campaign, indicating that a divergence of philosophy may eventually surface. It may be concluded that the Dallas District is a recognized leader in the community college movement. A key to its success is that it is student- and community- centered. The district has experienced a rapid and tranquil growth but there may be a greater diversity of views ex- pressed with the change in the composition of the Board. It is recommended that the District conduct a study to determine if its original goals are being met. It should also make a comparative study of the technical- occupational and academic transfer programs. The quality of trained personnel produced should also be compared with the gifts, donations, and scholarships given to the District by the business community. The merits of constructing three new campuses should be studied in view of the general decline in college enrollment, the establishment of learning centers throughout the county as adjuncts of the District colleges, and increased television course offerings. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES . P Chapter I. INTRODUCTION * . ........... Purpose of the Study Background and Significance of the Study Definition of Terms Limitations Procedures for Collecting the Data II. THE ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGINS OF THE DALLAS COUNTY JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT . 14 Education As a National Priority Enhancing the Dallas Image Educational Needs and Opportunities Business, Industrial, and Professional Personnel Needs Availability of Financial Resources Summary III. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DALLAS COUNTY JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT . 40 Early Unsuccessful Efforts A Junior College for Dallas: Coterminous vs. County-Wide Steering Committee: Its Purposes and Function Pre-Election Strategies and Procedures The Election: Campaign and Results Initial Organization Summary IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DALLAS COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT . 103 Phase I: The Opening of El Centro Phase I: Mountain View, Eastfield, and Richland Colleges Become Operational iii TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued Page Phase II Summary V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 167 Conclus ions Recommendations APPENDIX . 180 BIBLIOGRAPHY . .... 215 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Dallas Junior College . 55 II. The Number of High School Graduates in Dallas County from 1955-56 Through 1961-62 and the Projection of High School Graduates for 1967-68 and 1972-73 . *- . .... ........180 * III. Actual White Enrollment by Grades in the Dallas Independent School District from 1956-57 Through 1963-64 . 182 IV. Actual Negro Enrollment by Grades in the Dallas Independent School District from 1956-57 Through 1963-64 . 184 V. The Enrollment for Colleges and Universities in the Dallas Metropolitan Area and in Texas with Substantial Numbers of Dallas Area Residents in Attendance . 186 VI. The Number of High School Students by Quarters and the Per Cent of Total Graduates in Each Quarter Who Entered College . 188 VII. The Dallas County Junior College Steering Committee.--......... 198 VIII. Vote Tabulations for the Dallas County Junior College Election . 202 IX. Comparison of Enrollment in Technical- Occupational Programs . 208 X. Enrollment, Fall, 1972....... .... 211 XI. Distribution of 1972-73 Full Time Pro- fessional Personnel Salary Schedule Classification--All Colleges (September 1, 1972).*...................213 V CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Education, in the minds of most Americans, is the very heartbeat of American democracy. Modern society has called upon our educational system to provide expanded opportunities extending from prekindergarten to post-doctoral studies. Historically, we are able to discern an evolution of the fundamental philosophy and function of education which is so vital to the preservation and progress of American society. The junior college has played a significant role in the evolution of higher education. With its roots in the late nineteenth century, the junior college movement has experienced phenomenal growth. This was frequently true because junior colleges were not as academically restrictive and selective, nor as expensive as the four-year institutions. Although the terms "junior college" and "community college" are used interchangeably, the former was used more frequently until the end of World War II. During this time, there was a greater emphasis on college transfer courses and curriculums. However, following the war the latter term came into vogue, fostering the philosophy of 1 2 a comprehensive, student-centered college, offering post- high school curriculums designed to meet the needs and interests of the community (3, p. 23). The Dallas County Community College District (DCCCD) is an outgrowth of this national junior college movement. Following earlier unsuccessful efforts by the city of Richardson (1962) and the Dallas Independent School Dis- trict (1964) to establish a junior college, the Dallas Chamber of Commerce assumed the initiative by requesting that University of Texas Professor C. C. Colvert do a feasibility study (1964). Fortified with the favorable and convincing evidence of this study, the Chamber's Steering Committee, with R. L. Thornton, Jr.,as chairman, successfully won support from the electorate of Dallas County for the establishment of a community college district. On April 3, 1965, speaking for the Steering Committee, Thornton called upon the State Board of Education to ratify the request for the establishment of the first college in the DCCCD when he said: We of Dallas County are planning this col- lege along the lines of a community college concept--including technical job training, vocational education, the first two years of a four-year college education, and adult evening education (1, p. 61). El Centro College, the first of several colleges to be built in the district, began its first year of operation on September 19, 1966, for freshmen only. It had an 3 auspicious beginning with an enrollment of 4,047 students, which was well above the most optimistic predictions. During the subsequent decade the District has experienced phenomenal growth. Presently there are four existing col- leges with a total enrollment of 22,609. The future is equally as bright, with the planned opening of three more new campuses by 1978. Purposes of the Study The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, it will be designed to present