DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Medicine Istorija Medicine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Medicine Istorija Medicine Med Pregl 2015; LXVIII (7-8): 277-282. Novi Sad: juli-avgust. 277 HISTORY OF MEDICINE ISTORIJA MEDICINE University of Novi Sad History of medicine Faculty od Medicine1 Istorija medicine Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad UDK 616-051:929 Macphail K. Department of Pathology2 UDK 616.71/.72-002.5-053.2-08:614.2(497.113 Sremska Kamenica)(091 DOI: 10.2298/MPNS1508277D CHRONICLE OF THE «ANGLO -YUGOSLAV CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL» IN SREMSKA KAMENICA Istorijat Anglo-jugoslovenske deČje bolnice U Sremskoj Kamenici Dušanka DOBANOVAČKI1, Želimir MIKIĆ1 and Nada VUČKOVIĆ1,2 Summary Sažetak As a peacetime work of Katherine S. Macphail (Glasgow, 1887- Posle završetka Prvog svetskog rata misija dr Ketrin Makfejl St.Andrews, 1974) MB ChB (Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery), (Glazgov, 1887. Sveti Andrej, 1974.), MB ChB (bečelor medicine the Anglo-Serbian Children’s Hospital in Belgrade was esta- i hirurgije), bila je osnivač Englesko-srpske dečje bolnice u Be- blished after World War I, and the English-Yugoslav Children’s ogradu, a zatim 1934. godine Englesko-jugoslovenske dečje bol- Hospital for Treatment of Osteoarticular Tuberculosis was foun- nice za lečenje osteoartikularne tuberkuloze u Sremskoj Kame- ded in Sremska Kamenica in 1934. Situated on the Fruška Gora nici. Bolnica-sanatorijum bila je izgrađena na padini Fruške gore slope, the hospital-sanatorium was a well-equipped medical in- i ispunjavala sve uslove za najsavremenije lečenje ove bolesti po stitution with an operating theatre and x-ray machine providing ugledu na švajcarske i engleske sanatorijume: imala je operaci- very advanced therapy, comparable to those in Switzerland and onu salu, rendgensku dijagnostiku, aero i helioterapiju, koja se England: aero and heliotherapy, good quality nourishment, etc. primenjivala uz odgovarajući higijensko-dijetetski režim. Školska In addition, school lessons were organized as well as several nastava i drugi oblici radne terapije bili su značajni za svakog types of handwork as the work-therapy. It was a privately owned malog bolesnika. Iako je bolnica bila privatno vlasništvo, većina hospital but almost all the children were treated free of cost. The dece čiji je uzrast bio do 14 godina bila je lečena besplatno. To- age for admission was up to 14. During the period from 1934 to kom vremenskog perioda 1934-1937. godine oko 458 dece bilo 1937, around 458 children underwent hospital treatment, most of je podvrgnuto bolničkom lečenju, većina sa zadovoljavajućim them with successful results. During the war years the Sanatori- rezultatom. Tokom Drugog svetskog rata bolnica nije radila, ali um was closed but after the war it was reactivated. In 1948 by the je počela odmah posle oslobođenja. Godine 1948., sa procesom act of final nationalization of all medical institutions in the co- nacionalizacije svih medicinskih ustanova u komunističkoj Ju- mmunist Yugoslavia, the hospital was transformed into a ward goslaviji, bolnica postaje ortopedsko odeljenje uz stručni nadzor of orthopedic surgery under the supervision of the referent de- prvo beogradske a zatim novosadske ortopedije i rehabilitacije. partments in Belgrade and Novi Sad. Today, hospital is out of Danas, u svojoj osamdesetoj godini bolnica je bez pacijenata i work and deprived of its humanitarian mission. The building is misije, oronula i zapuštena iako je od Pokrajinskog zavoda za neglected and in ruins although it has been proclaimed the nati- zaštitu spomenika Vojvodine proglašena za spomenik od nacio- onal treasure by the Regional Institute for Protection of Monu- nalnog značaja. ments of Culture. Ključne reči: Istorija medicine; Pedijatrijska bolnica; Poznate Key words: History of Medicine; Hospitals, Pediatric; Famous ličnosti; Velika Britanija; Jugoslavija; Istorija 20. veka; Osteo- Persons; Great Britain; Yugoslavia; History, 20th Century; Tu- artikularna tuberkuloza; Sanatorijumi; Žena berculosis, Osteoarticular; Health Resorts; Female Introduction rienced medicine woman, noticed that a perennial poverty and hunger induced an increased number During the war (1915-1918) and the post-war ye- of chronic tuberculosis patients: “After many years ars in Serbia, Katherine Macphail, being an expe- of working with children in this country, I realized --------------------------- that there is a need for a special hospital for the This article was written to commemorate the humane and selfless children whom long-time treatment is necessary, work of people who had been devoted to helping others. especially for children suffering of the tuberculosis Corresponding Author: Prof. dr Dušanka Dobanovački, 21000 Novi Sad, Lukijana Mušickog 12, E-mail: [email protected] 278 Dobanovački D, et al. Chronicle of hospital Abbreviations 1933 UNRA – United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation The Land Registry Cadastre of the municipality of Administration Sremska Kamenica has an entry under the number 1341 stating that the three plots on the hill Čardak of bones and joints, as well as for children with became the property of Macphail Katherine, a doctor various other deformities. There would be provided from Belgrade. According to the plan, the Katherine adequate medical care, fresh air and good food for Macphail architect‘s draft consisted of three-wing​​ bu- a longer period of time, possible treatment and reha- ilding with a courtyard and a terrace along the wings bilitation, healing and correction, or at least stop so that children could be exposed to the sun. The pro- further progression of their deformity”. ject was approved by the Administration of the Danu- In the early thirties of the XX century, Katheri- be Banovina in Novi Sad in September 1933 and bu- ne Macphail started to look for a suitable place for ilding permits were obtained. Queen Maria Karadjor- the hospital building that would meet modern dia- djević was the sponsor of the entire action. Late in the gnostic and therapeutic conditions for its purpose. summer, the first works started and developed well. At the same time, it would be the memorial of Bri- tish women’s work in Serbia during and after World 1934 War I. Assisted by friends, she found such a place In the spring, construction work on the new hos- which was old orchards and vineyards stretching pital was over, the equipment was ordered, and the over Čardak, a hill in Sremska Kamenica. The se- lists of patients for admission were created. The lected field was located on a hill in an open country Royal Commission of Banovina government gave with a lot of fresh air and sunshine required for the permission to the English-Yugoslav children’s sa- tuberculosis treatment, and it was easily accessible natorium to be opened and start working: “The (Figure 1). hospital building is built on the slope that goes down to village Sremska Kamenica. Hospital is exposed to abundant and beneficial effects of the sun and air. The building consists of a main frontal part and two symmetrically placed wings. In the main part there are three hospital departments, out-patients department, operating theatre, imaging and radio- therapy department, pharmacy department, sterili- zing instruments and room for isolation of the pa- tients with childhood infectious diseases. There are also office for administration, storehouse for medi- caments and instruments. In the wings of the buil- ding are kitchen with pantry and dining room for children. On the top floor are four bedroom-apar- tments for doctors and nurses. There are four hygi- enic bathrooms and lavatories that are arranged in the wings of the building. The hospital was built according to the plan for therapy and long stay pa- tients. In front of the southern and western fronts terraces are built. The whole yard is fenced and looks like a park, there is an orchard and vineyard (Figure 2).” Figure 1. Katherine S. Macphail (1915) The hospital - sanatorium was officially opened Slika 1. Katerin S. Makfejl (1915) on September 23, 1934 under the auspices of Her Majesty Queen Maria Karadjordjevic. --------------------------- The first patients were transferred from a Belgra- Katherine S. Macphail, MD, MB ChB (Glasgow, 1887 - St.Andrews, de hospital on August 1. Treatment of patients was 1974) was born into a wealthy medical family. She studied medicine and surgery at the University of Glasgow, Scotland and graduated in 1911. During the World War I, she joined the team of Scottish Women’s Hospital for Foreign Service, and as a volunteer came to Serbia in January 1915 (Fig. 1.). After the war, she continued the humanitarian work and founded the “Anglo - Serbian Children’s Hospital”, the first school for nurses in Belgrade, and the children’s sanatorium «Anglo -Yugoslav Children’s Hospital» for bone and joint tuberculosis treatment in Sremska Kamenica in 1934. She re- presents an imposing figure among the many British women who were committed to supporting Serbia during the difficult wars and post-war days. Her resume reflects the timeless dimension of a he- Figure 2. Sanatorium in Sremska Kamenica (1936) roin and humanist. Slika 2. Sanatorijum u Sremskoj Kamenici (1936) Med Pregl 2015; LXVIII (7-8): 277-282. Novi Sad: juli-avgust. 279 ciple of treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis in those days before the discovery of antibiotics and antituberculotics consisted in raising the general resistance of the patient hygienic-dietary regime, fresh air therapy, heliotherapy (natural sunshine during the day, artificial light during winter days) (Figure 4), immobilization and a variety of surgical procedures. Special attention was paid to hygiene in the hospital. Kindergarten curriculum was taught to pre-school children. School-age children attended daily classes appropriate to their age and the curri- culum, and they received certificate at the end of the school year. The hospital also organized occu- pational therapy including art lessons with han- Figure 3. The hospital’s interior (1934-35) dwork for the children. Once a week an orthodox Slika 3. Pogled u unutrašnjost bolnice (1934-35) priest from Kamenica village came to the hospital for religious instruction. The hospital had a library focused on the children who suffered from tuberculo- with lots of children’s and educational book, as well sis of bones and joints, polio, rickets and so on.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State Authority and Competing Arrangements in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/ Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
    ADMINISTORY ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR VERWALTUNGSGESCHICHTE BAND 5, 2020 SEITE 152–166 D O I : 10.2478/ADHI-2020-0010 State Authority and Competing Arrangements in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/ Yugoslavia (1918–1941) IVAN KOSNICA Introduction and the content of the unitarian Constitution of 1921 The important feature analysed in this article is the because of this line of thinking, and pursued the relations between state authority and the Croatian policy of not recognizing the Constitution until 1925. Peasant Party (Hrvatska seljačka stranka) (hereinafter Furthermore, the HSS refined its policy from the HSS) with its para-state structures in the Kingdom of mid-1930s and significantly developed a system of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known as the Kingdom para-state organizations. Thus, the HSS formed »the of Yugoslavia, for the period 1929–1941.1 Para-state state within the state« according to Suzana Leček.4 structures means the system of organizations organized The phrase »competing arrangements« is used in this by the HSS, namely the Peasant Community (Seljačka chapter to indicate the activities of the HSS in opposing sloga), the Economic Community (Gospodarska sloga) state authorities. This, however, does not mean that and the Croatian Civil and Croatian Peasant Protection it was all about competition because cooperation and (Hrvatska seljačka i Hrvatska građanska zaštita) participation of the HSS in state structures existed to a which were the most important ones.2 As stated above, certain degree as well.5 This was particularly apparent relations in the mostly Croatian populated areas of the during the period from 1925 to 1927 when the HSS was Kingdom are analysed.3 part of the central government.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanatoria in the First Half of the XX Century in the Province of Vojvodina
    Special articles Sanatoria in the first half of the XX century in the Province of Vojvodina Dušanka Dobanovački1, Milan Breberina2, Božica Vujošević3, Marija Pećanac1, Nenad Žakula1, Velimir Trajković1 Summary Arch Oncol 2013;21(1):34–43. Following the shift in therapy of tuberculosis in the mid-19th century, by the beginning of the 20th century numerous UDC: 616.24-002.5:725.515 tuberculosis sanatoria were established in Western Europe. Being an institutional novelty in the medical practice, (497.113Vojvodina)” th 19th/20thC”:93/94:61 sanatoria spread within the first 20 years of the 20 century to Central and Eastern Europe, including the southern DOI: 10.2298/AOO1301034D region of the Panonian plain, the present-day Province of Vojvodina in Serbia north of the rivers Sava and Danube. 1Pediatric Surgery Clinic, The health policy and regulations of the newly built state – the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians/Yugoslavia, Institute for Children and Youth Health Care Novi Sad, Serbia provided a rather liberal framework for introducing the concept of sanatorium. 2Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Soon after the World War I there were 14 sanatoria in this region, and the period of their expansion was between 1920 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia 3International Medical Centre Banja Luka, and 1939 when at least 27 sanatoria were founded, more than half of the total number of 46 sanatoria in the whole Republic of Srpska state in that period. Correspondence to: Dušanka Dobanovački, MD PhD, However, only two of these were for pulmonary diseases. One of them was privately owned the open public sanato- Pediatric Surgery Clinic, Institute for rium the English-Yugoslav Hospital for Paediatric Osteo-Articular Tuberculosis in Sremska Kamenica, and the other Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 10, was state-run (at Iriški venac, on the Fruška Gora mountain, as a unit of the Department for Lung Disease of the Main 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Regional Hospital).
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic League of Tie Croats in Vojvodina
    I DEMOCRATIC LEAGUE OF TIE CROATS IN VOJVODINA DOCUMENTS January 1994 Address: Democratic League of the Croats in Vojvodina Trg Lazara Nesica 1/X 24000 Subotica Yugoslavia Tel/fax: (381) 24 51 348 39 459 a CONTENTS I. MAPS OF THE EX FORMER SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA II. INTRODUCTION III. BACKGROUND INFORMATION IV. POPULATION V. CULTURAL AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS VI. HISTORICAL EVENTS VII. THE CROATS IN VOJVODINA VIII. JURIDICAL SITUATION OF CROATS IN VOJVODINA IX. VIOLATION OF HUMAN CIVIL AND COLLECTIVE RIGHTS EX SFR Yugoslavia ~F_. HUNGARY. ROMANIA Belgrade CROATS IN BACKA, SRIJEM AND BANAT (VOJVODINA) POSITION OF CROATS IN VOJVODINA REGARDING THEIR CULTURAL, POLITICAL, AND OTHER FUNDAMENTAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS Introduction As a result of the Croats in Vojvodina being deprived of their rights and the assimilatory policies which have calculatedly been implemented for over 70 years, the Croatian population has constantly been in decline. The war against Croatia and the destruction the war has caused directly reflect upon the status of Croats in Vojvodina. All too often they are insulted and taunted. They are attacked through public media, the Croatian media are blocked, they are mistreated by Serbian government authorities and rendered powerless in all areas of public life. Croatian cultural and historic monuments are being destroyed (Baa, Subotica, among others), and Croatian homes in Novi Slankamen have been blasted by machine gun fire, besides a whole line of similar occurrences. With that kind of politics, Serbia, especially after the cessation of the constitutional autonomy of Vojvodina, would like to destroy the will of the Croats to live in the areas of Barka, Banat, and Srijem, where Croats had already been living for thirteen hundred years.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Document: the FURTHEST
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE FURTHEST WATCH OF THE REICH: NATIONAL SOCIALISM, ETHNIC GERMANS, AND THE OCCUPATION OF THE SERBIAN BANAT, 1941-1944 Mirna Zakic, Ph.D., 2011 Directed by: Professor Jeffrey Herf, Department of History This dissertation examines the Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) of the Serbian Banat (northeastern Serbia) during World War II, with a focus on their collaboration with the invading Germans from the Third Reich, and their participation in the occupation of their home region. It focuses on the occupation period (April 1941-October 1944) so as to illuminate three major themes: the mutual perceptions held by ethnic and Reich Germans and how these shaped policy; the motivation behind ethnic German collaboration; and the events which drew ethnic Germans ever deeper into complicity with the Third Reich. The Banat ethnic Germans profited from a fortuitous meeting of diplomatic, military, ideological and economic reasons, which prompted the Third Reich to occupy their home region in April 1941. They played a leading role in the administration and policing of the Serbian Banat until October 1944, when the Red Army invaded the Banat. The ethnic Germans collaborated with the Nazi regime in many ways: they accepted its worldview as their own, supplied it with food, administrative services and eventually soldiers. They acted as enforcers and executors of its policies, which benefited them as perceived racial and ideological kin to Reich Germans. These policies did so at the expense of the multiethnic Banat‟s other residents, especially Jews and Serbs. In this, the Third Reich replicated general policy guidelines already implemented inside Germany and elsewhere in German-occupied Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • THE VOIVODINA § I. GEOGRAPHY and POPULATION HE Main
    _____________-—— • — ~—•• .~..sg.: .•: THE VOIVODINA § I. GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION HE main portion of that part of Hungary proper acquired by Yugoslavia is Tthe so-called ‘Voivodina¹—a blunt triangular. chunk of 19,221 square kilometers hacked rudely off the southern end of the great Hungarian plain in such manner as to form an eastward prolongation of Slovenia and an approach from the north to Serbia. On the west and south-west it marches with Slovenia, whence it is divided successively by the Drave to its junction with the Danube, and the Danube to its meeting with the Save. On the south the Danube separates it from Serbia. These great rivers form well-defined boundaries; but the eastern frontier with Romania, which runs north-westward from the Danube to a point just south of the Mures (Maros), and the northern, with Hungary, which runs across the Tisza and the Danube back to the Drave, are mere conventional lines drawn on a map, which only occasionally and accidentally coincide with any discernible natural feature. Natural features are, it must be admitted, hard to find outside the rivers, which dominate the landscape. Besides the frontier rivers of the Danube and the Drave, the Tisza flows through the very heart of the country to its junction with the Danube a score of miles above Belgrade. The land is simply a great flat alluvial plain drained, watered, and at times inundated by these vast and imposing streams, which are at once its benefactors and its terrors, but at all times its masters. The fields have to be protected by great dikes, drained by canals.
    [Show full text]
  • Magyars and Serbs: the 'Southlands'
    Magyars and Serbs: the 'Southlands' The 1941 occupation of the Southlands and the 1942 round up E n ik ő A. Sajti On 10 April 1941, four days after Germany attacked Yugoslavia and the day Croa­ tia seceded from the state, Lt Col. Nenad Krnjajic commander of the 14th Garrison Regiment stationed in the Palic area in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, noted in his regimental journal: "Windy and cloudy; sleet. It is peaceful on our sector of the line. Minor Hungarian troop movements in the border area. On the radio the news is bad everywhere... The Germans broke through at Bela Crkva and are pushing forward... Lt Col. Ruzic, commander of 13th Garrison Regiment, informed me that Lt Col. Ivovnur [a Croat - E.S.], his second-in-command, has deserted."1 The next day, on the orders of Miklós Horthy, the Regent of Hungary, units of the Hungarian Third Army and the Mobile Corps crossed the Hungarian-Yugo- slav border. The main military objective, besides re-annexing the Baóka (Bácska) region to Hungary, was to secure the rear of the German troops, advancing in the direction of Belgrade. That was done without any major engagement with the Yu­ goslav army, and within three days they had recaptured the Danube-Tisza inter­ fluve, the Bács and the southern Baranja 'Triangle', thereby closing the era of Hun­ garian territorial gains. The last sentence of Lt Col. Krnjajic's journal entry for 13 April runs: "As the best solution, I have ordered the destruction of all war material and am dispersing the unit."2 In an autobiographically inspired novel by Attila Balázs, a writer from Vojvo­ dina, István Szilágyi, Hungarian army soldier recalls the reoccupation of Baóka in the following terms: They waited until every single one had closed ranks on the top of the hill, from which a far prospect opened onto the Bácska.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Be Successful in Tourism
    How to be successful in tourism Created as the part of transnational cooperation project “Tourism and LEADER knowledge exchange between Croatia and Slovak Republic” between MAS Chopok juh and LAG Baranja Data gathering paper on all relevant areas related to rural tourism development in Baranja region 1 / 160 Introduction This paper was created as the part of transnational cooperation project “Tourism and LEADER knowledge exchange between Croatia and Slovak Republic” between MAS Chopok juh and LAG Baranja. Since the main aim of the project is exchange of knowledge and LAG Baranja operates in region with success in developing rural tourism, its task is to develop this paper which compiles most of the available data from various sources on topic of tourism development. Methodology The main methodology of this data compilation is finding and presenting currently available data, information, practical examples and knowledge gathered which illustrate how Baranja region is successful in attracting new tourists and tourism development. The emphasis of the paper is the identification of the best practice examples, while also taking into account characteristics of the process, features and key factors which support or hinder tourism development activities. The paper should answer the question: “How to be successful in tourism?”. It will feature “big” state level initiated development projects and bottom-up community initiated projects appropriate for LEADER principles. This paper is continuation and progression of previous, more narrowed and focused project documents, which should expand knowledge base and give new ideas to our project partner (Mas Chopok juh) to develop their tourism further. Main methods used in this paper: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Booklet for Investors
    Republic of Serbia Autonomous Province of Vojvodina PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT Republic of Serbia Autonomous Province of Vojvodina PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION BOOKLET FOR INVESTORS PROVIDING INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE PROSPECTUS FOR PUBLIC OFFER Pursuant to Article 41 of the Law on Capital Market (”Official Gazette of the RS”, No. 31/2011) Novi Sad, 2015 1 LEGAL FOUNDATION FOR THE ISSUANCE OF LONG-TERM SECURITIES On the basis of the Statute of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (“Official Journal of APV”, No. 20/2014; the Statute of the AP of Vojvodina), and pursuant to Public Debt Law (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 61/2005, 107/2009, 78/2011), the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (hereinafter referred to as: The Assembly of AP Vojvodina) adopted, on the session held on 28th April 2015, the Provincial Assembly Decision on Initiating and Method of Conducting the Borrowing Procedure by means of Emission of Long-Term Securities for the Purpose of Financing Procurement of the Equipment for the “KAMENICA 2” Facility (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 18/2015; Decision on Borrowing). In accordance to the Article 33 of the Public Debt Law prior to the adoption of the Decision on Borrowing, the positive opinion of the Ministry of Finance, Public Debt Administration No. 401- 881/2015-001, was obtained on 14th April 2015. Referring to the provision of the Article 36 Paragraph 6 of the Public Debt Law which stipulates that the territorial autonomy unit may borrow by issuing long-term securities in order to finance investment, development and priority programmes and projects and Paragraph 7 of the same Article which stipulates that borrowing limitations for the local authorities does not relate to the borrowing by issuing long-term securities, the Public Debt Administration issued the opinion that the “Autonomous Province of Vojvodina may borrow for the purpose of financing capital investment expenditures by means of emission of long-term securities in the amount of 2,080,000,000.00 RSD“.
    [Show full text]
  • Banat Is the Historical Province Lying in the South-Eastern Extremity of the Territorial Entity Called Mitteleuropa
    Welcome to Virtual Banat! Banat is the historical province lying in the south-eastern extremity of the territorial entity called Mitteleuropa. The area of Banat, square-shaped, has the following natural borders: the Mureş River in the north, the Tisa River in the west, and the Danube in the south; its eastern border is a route that crosses the Southern Carpathians in the west and the Western Carpathians in the south. Banat covers an area of 28,526 km2, which today is divided into three regions. The largest of them, about two thirds, belongs to Romania (18,966 km2); one third belongs to Serbia, and a small part, 284 km2, belongs to Hungary. From the administrative point of view, today’s territory of Banat is divided as follows: First-time events in Banat 1002 – The first monastery on the territory of present-day Romania was at Morisena (today Cenad Village, Timis County). Its patron saint was St. John the Baptist and it was a monastery of Orthodox monks. 1030 – The first school on the current Romanian territory was opened at Cenad (Timis County). The teaching language was Latin. About 1179 – the Abbey at Igris, founded by the Cistercian monks of the Pontigny 1 Welcome to Virtual Banat! Welcome to Virtual Banat! [1]Banat is the historical province lying in the south-eastern extremity of the territorial entity called Mitteleuropa. The area of Banat, square-shaped, has the following natural borders: the Mureş River in the north, the Tisa River in the west, and the Danube in the south; its eastern border is a route that crosses the Southern Carpathians in the west and the Western Carpathians in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting Tourism As a Factor for Economic Development of Hunting Associations on the Territory of the City of Leskovac
    TURIZAM Volume 25, Issue 1 1–10 (2021) ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Hunting Tourism as a Factor for Economic Development of Hunting Associations on the Territory of the City of Leskovac Bratislav PešićA Received: July 2020 | Accepted: August 2020 DOI: 10.5937/turizam25-27492 Abstract The subject of this study is the impact of hunting tourism on the development of hunting asso- ciations in the territory of the City of Leskovac in Serbia. Non-experimental model of scientific research, survey, was applied in the paper, while the obtained results were processed by statis- tical data processing. Data are presented in tables and graphs. The total number of completed questionnaires by service users was 475. The largest percentage of hunters on hunting grounds were foreign tourists compared to domestic tourists, which accounted for 84.50% of the total number of hunting tourists in 2017, 87.1% in 2018 .year and 89 8% in 2019. The income gen- erated from the stay of hunters’ tourists was used by hunting associations for the purchase of certain game species and the modernization of hunting and technical facilities. The amount of revenue generated increased by 2.3% each year in 2018 and by 22.6% in 2019. Investments in 2017-2019 were up 20.1% in 2018 to 38.8% in 2019, while funds earmarked for wildlife pro- curement were significantly higher by 3.8% in 2018, and 50% in 2019. It can be concluded that hunting and hunting tourism must be focused on habitat conservation, environmental pro- tection, and wildlife protection and a very important segment of the economic development of hunting associations and the entire territory in which hunting associations operate.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Tribes and Nation: the Definition of Yugoslav National Identity in Interwar Yugoslav Elementary School Curricula
    Between Tribes and Nation: The Definition of Yugoslav National Identity in Interwar Yugoslav Elementary School Curricula PIETEr TrOCH (Gent) At the time of the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SCS) in December 1918, the most important political actors, both within the Kingdom of Serbia and the former Austro-Hungarian lands, accepted the principle of national unity as a basic ideological fundament for the new state. This was clarified, for example, in the speech delivered by the representatives of the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and in Prince-Regent Aleksandar’s reply on the occasion of the official formation of the Kingdom of SCS on December 1, 1918. In both documents the principle of ethnographical unity of Serbs, Croat and Slovenes took a prominent place.1 However, it soon became clear that concrete interpretations and definitions of Yugoslav national unity varied greatly among the political and cultural elites of the new state. A crucial point of disagreement was the relationship between the Yugoslav and other levels of collective identity available in the region, Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian identities in particular. In the discourse of the period, Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were generally called “tribes” of the Yugoslav nation, clarifying the multilayered character of collective identities in the Yugoslav lands at the time. On the one hand, the notion of an over- arching Yugoslav collective identity was generally accepted, but on the other, Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian particularities remained viable mobilising factors in both the political and cultural realm, and were recognised as a distinct level between the national and the regional.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Serbian Mining
    THE HISTORY OF SERBIAN MINING Slobodan Vujić With the consent of the author taken from: Serbian Mining and Geology in the Second Half of XX Century, Roots, p. 1-38, Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Matica srpska and Mining Institute of Belgrade, 2014, 564 p. EIGHT THOUSAND YEARS OF LIFE The emergence of mining and geology is linked to the efforts of man to subjugate nature to his needs, to use the recourses offered by nature, to produce tools for work and provide existence. A long path has been crossed from the original surface gathering of minerals and one of the greatest human discoveries in history that happened eight thousand years ago, making metal from a piece of rock in the fire. Mining and geology exist inseparably almost as long as the humankind, they have been a pillar of economic, cultural, scientific, technical-technological and general social development. They have developed or stagnated, brought wellbeing or suffering, affected the course of history. Archeology points out that the roots of mining, geology, and metallurgy could be traced back to the Prehistory in the area of Serbia. This is confirmed by numerous archeological sites, special representative monuments of culture – Krivo polje near Ramaća, Rujnik near Niš, Rudna glava near Majdanpek, Mali Šturac (Prlovi) on Rudnik, Belovode near Petrovac na Mlavi, Pločnik near Prokuplje, Stojnik on Kosmaj, etc. The old wisdom that history is the witness of times, the torch of truth and the teacher of life (testis temporum, lux veritatis et magistra vitae) confirms its verity on the example of the history of mining and geology and teaches us that neither development nor history begins from us, that we are only a link in the everlasting process.
    [Show full text]