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LUCAS MARIANI CORRÊA a Atuação 0 LUCAS MARIANI CORRÊA A atuação do holding Brazil Railway Company no Brasil (1904-1920). ASSIS 2019 1 LUCAS MARIANI CORRÊA A atuação do holding Brazil Railway Company no Brasil (1904-1920). Tese apresentada à Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Assis, para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História (Área de Conhecimento: História e Sociedade). Orientador: Eduardo Romero de Oliveira Bolsista: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001 ASSIS 2019 2 Correa, Lucas Mariani C824a A atuação do holding Brazil Railway Company no Brasil (1904-1920) / Lucas Mariani Corrêa. -- Assis, 2019. 238 f. Tese (Doutorado em História) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Assis. Orientador: Eduardo Romero de Oliveira. 1. História Política. 2. Ferrovias - História. 3. Ferrovias - política Governamental. 4. Ferrovias - Administração. 5. História Econômica. I. Título. Sistema de geração automática de fichas catalográficas da Unesp. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Assis. Dados fornecidos pelo autor(a). 3 4 Aos meus pais e minha companheira, senhor Antônio, dona Marly e Gisele. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Nenhuma pesquisa se faz sozinha. Todas são a somatória e esforço de diversas pessoas. Esta não é diferente. O que me resta enquanto pesquisador é tentar lembrar os nomes das muitas pessoas que também fizeram e fazem parte desse trabalho, a fim de agradecê-las. Em primeiro lugar, minha família. Meus pais e minhas irmãs, que me acompanham e dão força desde o princípio, incondicionalmente. Além deles, minha companheira, Gisele, a quem escolhi e fui escolhido para ser família e que está ao meu lado desde o princípio da vida acadêmica. Sempre foi compreensiva com as diversas madrugadas e finais de semana de trabalho e pesquisa, além de ouvir, pacientemente, minhas falas sobre a evolução das pesquisas de iniciação científica, mestrado e doutorado. À toda minha família, tios, tias, primos e primas, que sempre foram meus momentos de paz, alegrias e rizadas. Em sequência, meu orientador, Eduardo Romero de Oliveira. Grande professor e pesquisador, que me inspira sempre em buscar o meu melhor e, ao longo de todos esses anos, se tornou um grande amigo. Muitos amigos passaram por minha vida ao longo de toda essa trajetória, mas alguns são especiais e considero como irmãos: Luís Gustavo Botaro (Gu), Tiago Viotto, Alexandre Simão (Xandinho), Raphael Martins (Charlie), Pedro Victorasso (Pedrão), Mariana (Mari), José Almeida (Zé), Lucina Mattos, Flávio Cucolo (Flavião), André (Andrezão), Frederico Machado (Fredão) e meu querido primo, Gabriel Arvelino de Paula. 6 A pesquisa, além de conhecimento e aprendizado, me proporcionou conhecer pesquisadores e professores que se tornaram grandes amigos e gostaria muito de evidenciá-los: Prof. Dr. Domingo Cuéllar Villar, Prof. Dr. Juan Carlos, Prof. Dr. Ivanil Nunes. Aos vários professores que fizeram parte da minha formação, em especial ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Cesar Gonçalves, sempre gentil e solícito quando precisei, além de um grande mentor, desde o período de graduação. Ao prof. Dr. Flávio Saes, Prof. Dr. Paulo Cimó Queiroz, que também me acompanham há muito tempo, sempre colaborando e guiando minhas pesquisas. Ao Prof. Dr. Claudinei Magno Magro Mendes, Prof. Dr. Áureo Busseto, Prof. Milton Carlos Costa, professores de graduação, mas que também me acompanham com seus ensinamentos ainda hoje. À Prof. Dra. Surama Conde Sá Pinto, que sempre foi muito gentil em ajudar, e que é responsável para que parte dessa pesquisa se desenvolvesse, indicando leituras e fontes. À Prof. Dra. Ana Lúcia Duarte Lanna, que gentilmente cedeu seu acervo pessoal, extremamente importante sobre a BRC, sem o qual, não seria possível desenvolver a pesquisa. Ao Prof. Dr. Albert Broder, que também cedeu gentilmente suas anotações, acervo pessoal e informações sobre Farquhar e a BRC. Ao Prof. Dr. Guilherme Grandi, que sempre contribuiu com dicas desde o mestrado. Aos companheiros e amigos de pesquisa do Grupo Memória Ferroviária. 7 Aos funcionários da FCL-UNESP/Assis, que fazem realmente o campus funcionar, em especial ao pessoal da Biblioteca e da Sessão de Pós Graduação, em especial Marcos e o Lino. Aos funcionários do Arquivo e Biblioteca Nacional e também do Arquivo Histórico do IHGB do Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001 8 CORREA, Lucas Mariani. A atuação do holding Brazil Railway Company no Brasil (1904-1920). 2019. 238 f. Tese (Doutorado em História). – Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Assis, 2019. RESUMO Em 1904, chegou ao Brasil um grupo de empresários a fim de investirem e explorarem o transporte ferroviário. Tiveram como principal representante Percival Farquhar, que desempenhou atividades que foram desde os serviços públicos, como distribuição de energia, até o transporte. Em 1906, o grupo cria a Brazil Railway Company, um holding, e assume a grande maioria das concessões das ferrovias brasileiras. Suas atividades estavam concentradas principalmente no Sul e Sudeste do país. A administração de Farquhar chegou até os anos de 1920, quando mudam a gestão devido a uma crise econômica. A Brazil Railway Company tem características peculiares: desenvolveu, além do transporte ferroviário, a colonização e atividades extrativistas, como a exploração da madeira no Sul e carne bovina congelada. Nossa pesquisa tem por intuito estudar as atividades ferroviárias desse holding no Sul e Sudeste do país, entre os anos 1904 até 1920. Utilizamos como fonte os documentos oficiais da própria empresa, periódicos e Relatórios Ministeriais, além de documentações pessoais, como cartas e Ofícios de Farquhar e outros membros do grupo. Palavras – chave: Ferrovias. Brazil Railway Company. holding. séc. XX. Região Sul. 9 CORREA, Lucas Mariani. The holding company's operations Brazil Railway Company in Brazil (1904-1920). 2019. 238 f. Thesis (Doctorate in History). – São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, 2019. ABSTRACT In 1904, a group of businessmen arrived in Brazil to invest and explore rail transport. Their main representative was Percival Farquhar, who performed activities ranging from utilities such as power distribution to transportation. In 1906, the group creates Brazil Railway Company, a holding company, and takes over the vast majority of Brazilian railroad concessions. Its activities were concentrated mainly in the South and Southeast of the country. Farquhar's administration arrived until the 1920s, when management changed due to an economic crisis. The Brazil Railway Company has peculiar characteristics: it has developed, in addition to rail transportation, colonization and extractive activities, such as the exploitation of timber in the South and frozen beef. Our research aims to study the railway activities of this holding in the South and Southeast of the country, from 1904 to 1920. We use as source the official documents of the company itself, periodicals and Ministerial Reports, as well as personal documentation, such as letters and Crafts of Farquhar and other members of the group KEYWORDS: Railways. Brazil Railway Company. holding. 20th century. South of Brazil. 10 Introdução ............................................................................................................................................ 11 PARTE UM: O Estado brasileiro: diretrizes e políticas de transporte ferroviário ..................... 26 CAPÍTULO 1. Políticas e diretrizes governamentais: consolidação republicana, colonização e desenvolvimento econômico. .......................................................................................................... ..27 1.1 São Paulo .............................................................................................................................. 36 1.2 Santa Catarina...................................................................................................................... 40 O Contestado .......................................................................................................................... 47 1.3 Rio Grande do Sul ............................................................................................................... 49 CAPÍTULO 2. Diretrizes governamentais ferroviárias: A atuação do corpo técnico do Governo Republicano ......................................................................................................................................... 56 2.1 Corpo técnico do/no Estado Republicano ........................................................................ 56 2.1.1 São Paulo e a Secretaria de Agricultura, Viação e Obras Públicas. .................... 59 2.1.2 Engenheiros políticos: Santa Catarina e Rio de Janeiro. ..................................... 68 2.2. Engenheiros, política e ferrovias: o modus operandi do corpo técnico do estado Republicano. ............................................................................................................................... 71 2.2.1. Ferrovias como ordem e progresso.......................................................................... 71 2.2.2. As estratégias do corpo técnico do Estado ............................................................. 85 PARTE DOIS: A atuação e gestão das atividades da Brazil Railway Company. .................... 98 CAPÍTULO
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